Zempilo, Amayeza
Indlela Transmissive okudluliselwa
izifo ezininzi musa nje yenzeke, ize idluliselwe ukusuka kumthombo kumntu esempilweni. Sicebisa ukuba uwazi ekudluliseni zosulelo, ngokunjalo siyiqonde ngakumbi izifo kumda wesangqa-umna. Oku kuyinyaniso ngakumbi kwezi nyanga zishushu.
Types of transmission losuleleko
Usuleleko yosulela abantu ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
- Alimentary. transmission umendo - inkqubo yokwetyisa. Wosuleleko tapeworm ukutya kunye namanzi equlathe amagciwane (umz, usulelo isisu, segazi, salmonellosis, ikholera).
- Emoyeni. transmission umendo - umoya ukurhogele okanye uthuli equlethe gciwane.
- Pin. transmission umendo - umthombo usuleleko okanye ukugula (umzekelo, umntu ogulayo). contact ngqo ukuba bosulelwe yi ngokwesini kwakunye zoqhagamshelwano-nendlu, ukuba iyasetyenziswa eqhelekileyo impahla yasendlini zingcoliswe (umz, itawuli okanye izitya).
- igazi:
- Nkqo, ngexesha apho ukugula sikanina udlula ngumkhaya kusana;
- indlela transmissive of zizifo - usulelo ngokusebenzisa igazi usebenzisa bezifo eziphilayo (izinambuzane);
- igazi xa usulelo kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ngokwaneleyo kakubi kwi-ofisi yamazinyo, kumaziko ahlukahlukeneyo ezempilo kwaye (izibhedlele, iilebhu, njalo njalo), ubuhle kunye neenwele zokuzilungisa.
indlela Transmissive okudluliselwa
indlela Transmissive okudluliselwa - kukufumana igazi abosulelekileyo equlethe izinto ezosulelayo egazini lomntu esempilweni. Yena wenza zithwala ubomi. indlela Transmissive ibandakanya ukosuleleka iintsholongwane nge igazi-owanyayo izinambuzane:
- ngqo ne ukuluma izinambuzane;
- emva trituration nomonakalo kwesikhumba (umz, imikrwelo) abulawa zithwala izinambuzane.
Ngaphandle konyango olufanelekileyo kwezifo ezosulelayo kunokukhokelela ekufeni.
iindlela transmission kunye nokuhlelwa zithwala izifo
indlela izifo ezidluliselwa kwenzeka ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
- Ukuchumisa - unempilo abantu bosulelwe xa nomntana sinambuzane ngokusebenzisa mouthparts yayo. a transfer olunjalo luya kwenzeka ngaphezu kanye ukuba yenethiwekhi akafi (umzekelo, njengokuba ekusasazeni seengcongconi).
- Ungcoliseko - umntu sele osulelekile ngokuhlikihla endleni sinambuzane kuloo ndawo olunywe yinyoka. Usulelo ingaphinda-phindwa amaxesha amaninzi de afe umthuthi (Umzekelo disease - yesifo).
- Ungcoliseko ngqo - ukosuleleka onempilo kwenzeka ngexesha bezihlikihla sinambuzane kulusu umonakalo (umzekelo, xa unalo nomkrwelo okanye inxeba). Transfer kwenzeka kanye kuphela, njengoko njengomthuthi esifa (Umzekelo izifo - fever relapsing).
Zenethiwekhi, ke, yahlulwe ezi ndidi zilandelayo:
- Ngokukodwa, emzimbeni leyo zibethwa kuphuhliso iintsholongwane kwaye kumanqanaba ezininzi ebomini.
- Mechanical, emzimbeni obegalelwe kwamagciwane azikho uphuhliso, kodwa eba kuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Iintlobo kwezifo leyo kudluliselwa ngendlela ukubasulela
usuleleko basenokuba nezifo, leyo yosulela izinambuzane encediswa:
- relapsing umkhuhlane;
- anthrax;
- tularemia;
- sifo;
- kobuchopho;
- human immunodeficiency virus;
- isifo Chagas, okanye trypanosomiasis American;
- icesina emthubi (a isifo egazini le ndawo);
- iintlobo ezahlukeneyo lemikhuhlane;
- ICrimea-Congo ukopha (ipesenti ephezulu ukufa - ukusuka kwishumi ukuya kumashumi amane ekhulwini);
- Idengue fever (okufana le ndawo);
- filariasis emithanjeni (uphawu ngenxa ndawo);
- blindness umlambo, okanye onchocerciasis, kunye nezinye izifo ezininzi.
Kukho malunga namashumi amabini iintlobo izifo ezosulela ngokusebenzisa ukubasulela na.
zithwala ezithile izifo
Siye ukhankanywe apha ngasentla ukuba kukho iindidi ezimbini abathwali. Cinga abo ogama eziphilayo ezi magciwane nande okanye ngomjikelo nophuhliso.
izinambuzane igazi-owanyayo | isifo |
Ibhinqa seengcongconi iingcongconi (bohlobo) | Malaria, wuchereriasis, filariasis Brug kaThixo |
Iingcongconi-Kusaka (Aedes) | fever Yellow kunye shock, kobuchopho, Japanese, lymphocytic horionmeningit, wuchereriasis, filariasis Brug kaThixo |
iingcongconi Culex | filariasis, wuchereriasis, kobuchopho Japanese Brug kaThixo |
iingcongconi | Leishmaniasis: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, visceral. fever pappataci |
Ziintwala (wardrobes, intloko, zikawonke) | Yesifo kunye relapsing nangecesina, ifiva, Volyn, trypanosomiasis American |
thi kwabantu | Sichotho, tularemia |
iincukuthu | trypanosomiasis american |
midges ezilumayo | Filyariotozy |
mitha | isifo blinding filarial |
Bhabha van-van | kaodzera |
horseflies | Loazoz |
ngeetikhi | Fever: eOmsk, iCrimea, eMarseilles, Q fever. Kobuchopho: lokukorekisha, hlathi, eSkotlani. tularemia |
argasids | Q fever, phawula-ebemzele relapsing fever, tularemia |
oluhlala gamasid | Nezirhwexu yamabuzi fever, kobuchopho, tularemia, Q fever |
layibona trombiculid | tsutsugamushi |
iziphathi yokugaya izifo ezidluliselwa
Ezi zinambuzane kudlulisela pathogen ngendlela apho sifunyenwe.
isinambuzane | isifo |
Amaphela, iimpukane lokulala | Helminth ova, cysts, lenyama, iintsholongwane neebhaktiriya ezahlukeneyo (umz, agents causative of necesina icesina, segazi, isifo sephepha, njalo njalo) |
impukane ezinzile | Tularemia, anthrax |
midges ezilumayo | tularemia |
horseflies | Tularemia, anthrax, ipoliyo |
Aedes iingcongconi | tularemia |
mitha | Tularemia, anthrax, iqhenqa |
Ukutshintshelwa-human immunodeficiency virus
Inani kusulela iiyunithi milliliter igazi yi-HIV ngamnye - ukuya ku amawaka amathathu. Kuyinto izihlandlo ezilikhulu amathathu ngaphezu kulwelo ZakwaLizwi Zehlabathi. human immunodeficiency virus isasazeka ngezi ndlela zilandelayo:
- inkanuko;
- ukusuka umama okhulelweyo okanye oncancisayo ukuya emntwaneni;
- ngokuhlawulelwa ngegazi (injecting, ngexesha ukutofelwa igazi sifo okanye abohlukeneyo izicwili kunye nemibutho ukusuka eyosulelwe yi-HIV);
indlela ukubasulela yosasazeko HIV cishe akunakwenzeka.
Prevention of izifo ezidluliselwa
amanyathelo azizithintelo ukuthintela ukosuleleka zizifo kumda wesangqa-kukuthwala:
- disinfestation, ie ibuzi;
- disinfestation, okt isethi amanyathelo ngenxa yokwaphuka abathwali;
- iseti iinkqubo ukuphucula indawo lwezempilo (umzekelo, umhlaba sabo sokufuna);
- ukusetyenziswa ngendlela ngokobunye okanye ngengqokelela wokhuseleko ngokuchasene iingcongconi (umz, ezinyangiweyo buzane-oyile ezibalulekileyo, izinto ezigxotha izinambuzane, isipreyi, iminatha iingcongconi);
- imisebenzi zogonyo;
- ubeka abagulayo kosulelwa kwindawo yedwa.
Eyona njongo iphambili amanyathelo othintelo kukunciphisa inani zithwala kunokwenzeka. oku kuphela ukunciphisa amathuba wokosulelwa zizifo ezifana relapsing fever vshiny, anthroponoses ukubasulela, umkhuhlane kunye leishmaniasis cutaneous isixeko phlebotomine ngayo.
Ubungakanani lomsebenzi yesondlo ixhomekeke kwinani sifo, ingakumbi usulelo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuba wenziwe ngaphakathi:
- ezitratweni;
- ndawo;
- komzi;
- ndawo, nezinto ezinjengezo.
othintelo amanyathelo impumelelo ixhomekeke eligcwele komsebenzi kunye inqanaba lokuhlola ekujoliswe losuleleko. Sikunqwenelela impilo entle!
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