Umchamo gravity ethile. Ingcaciso urinalysis

Person ukuphila kufuneka banyamezele ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Oku kunokuba thethwano unyango kunye oyingcali, nokufundiswa kwayo nayiphi na izibonelelo zebhayoloji, iimviwo zangaphakathi, imithi ezahlukeneyo. Urinalysis Kwathi ngokupheleleyo bonke abantu, oko kumiselwe abantu bonke - ukususela neentsana zabo asebekhulile. Le eqhelekileyo kakhulu kwaye ngaxeshanye indlela efundisayo uphando umchamo.

Urinalysis: enjani uphando?

Uhlalutyo Data sisalathisi umsebenzi kwezintso, ngoko xa urhano nakancinane kwekhono zabo, oogqirha ukumisela le sifundo. Ukongezelela, uhlalutyo kusenokubonisa ukuba ezinye iinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo emzimbeni. Lendlela ukubona imizimba ukusebenza ezingachanekanga, nokumisela iimpawu ngokubanzi umchamo wokuchama intlenga microscopy. The main iparameters apho ugqirha yenza izigqibo malunga imeko yomguli, oku kulandelayo:

• umchamo lombala;
• elubala yayo;
• lexinene umchamo;
• phambi protein;
• asidi;
• amanani glucose;
• hemoglobini ogulayo;
• yibilirubin;
• imizimba ketone ;
• urobilinogen;
• nitrites;
• ubukho Umchamo of neetyuwa ;
• epithelium;
• inani erythrocytes;
• leukocytes;
• yintoni na iintsholongwane kwi umchamo;
• isayizi.

Esi sifundo kwi izigulane ukusilela kwezintso lidla ukuba esweni Dynamics utshintsho kumsebenzi kwenkqubo excretory kunye nokusebenza iyeza. Umntu enempilo kuhle eli zohlalutyo amaxesha 1-2 ngonyaka ekufunyanisweni kwe-ezimbi yokuqala.

Zeziphi imithetho uhlahlelo lokuqokelela?

Esi sifundo kufuneka wenziwe kunye ngendlela kakhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukususela ekuqaleni yokuqokelelwa umchamo kwiziphumo zokuphela konyaka. ukuze sifeze abasemagunyeni yococeko efanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba ukuqokelela uchama. Kufuneka uhlawule ingqalelo into yokuba uhlalutyo ezingafanelekanga iindidi zezikhongozeli ukutya okanye iingqayi. Ukuqokelela izinto eziphilayo kufuna isikhongozeli eyodwa esetyenziselwa kuphela ezi njongo. Uyakwazi ukuthenga nanini na ekhemesti.

Le ngokuhlwa phambi kokuba unikezelo zohlalutyo ofuna nokuthintela ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso ukuba umbala umchamo: beet, iminqathe, kunye nabanye. Ukongeza, kuyimfuneko ukuba uphi na ukusetyenziswa olwandulela amayeza ezahlukeneyo, njengoko bayasigqwetha iziphumo zovavanyo. Xa iziphumo osexesheni naye kuba bubuxoki, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ulinde de ekupheleni kweli xesha.

Akunakwenzeka ngokuhlwa phambi kohlalutyo ukuba basele iziselo ezinxilisayo. Umxholo Micro kwi umchamo zinokutshintsha kakhulu.

Leyo imiselwe leli hlalutyo?

Urinalysis kumiselwe ukuze ukufumanisa imeko umzimba xa ngezifo okusolwayo. Olu hlahlelo kumiselwe kwimeko kwezifo kwenkqubo wokuchama, ukumisela Dynamics sifo kunye nolawulo phezu kwayo. Uhlalutyo kunceda ngexesha ukuthintela iingxaki kunokwenzeka, kwaye ibonisa impumelelo yonyango. Olu phando kwakhona rhoqo kusetyenziswa kuhlolo abantu abaphumelela iimviwo ngobuchule.

Ukubekwa mninzi umchamo

Umchamo Density - isalamane density ratio yezinto ezimbini, enye yazo ithathwa njenge reference. Kulo mzekelo, isampuli uthathwa amanzi enkolo. umchamo gravity ethile ngokubanzi njalo. Isizathu - lutshintsha mninzi imini, oku kubangelwe non-ukufana iimveliso yokucolwa yemveliso ixutywe yokuchama.

Xa kucocwa ulwelo ngesandla igazi, zezintso kwenza umchamo ephambili, uninzi lwazo na sokufunxa bomzimba kwaye ibuyisela kungena egazini. Ngokusekelwe kule nkqubo ingentla, izintso bayawenza umchamo yesibini. Le nkqubo ingentla ibizwa ngokuba xi komsebenzi sezintso. Ukuba kukho kukwaphula wokugqibela, oku kuya kunciphisa ingxinano ekhoyo nomchamo. Ukophulwa kwalo msebenzi xi nga isifo seswekile insipidus, ezinye embodiments of nephritis ezingapheliyo kunye nezinye izifo.

Ukuba kubonakala kwiproteni umchamo, iswekile, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye ezifana - kuyanceda ukwandisa mninzi umchamo. ingxinano Relative umchamo, kunye, ngakumbi ngqo, ixabiso layo avareji kuxhomekeke kubudala lomntu. Kwakhona kuxhomekeke ubudala uyondelelwano lwee- umsebenzi sezintso. Xa sithetha nje ngokubanzi, la magama mabini zihlobene.

Physiology isahlakalo mninzi umchamo

umchamo gravity ethile, yaye, ngakumbi ncam, inkqubo livela, iqulathe izigaba ezithathu. Le ukuhluza, reabsorption, kunye tubular secretion.

Isigaba sokuqala - ukuhluza - lwenzeka kwi nephron emzimbeni Malpighian. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yengcinezelo ophezulu hydrostatic kwi emithanjeni glomerular, eyenziwe yi into yokuba sangqa arterioles adala ngaphezu efferent.

Inqanaba lesibini kuthiwa reabsorption okanye, ngamanye amazwi, indlela ofunxayo kwi kwicala elahlukileyo. Ithwalwa kwindawo tubules anencasa, ephothiweyo le nephron, leyo, ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo, umchamo zaseprayimari ongena.

Okugqibela, Isigaba sesithathu umchamo ukwakhiwa - secretion tubular. iiseli tubule kwezintso kunye enzyme ezizodwa zezithuthi esebenzayo lwenziwa ukusuka emithanjeni igazi le mithambo le tubules zinetyhefu iimveliso pathways: urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, kunye nabanye.

Ummiselo ingxinano isihlobo umchamo

ingxinano Relative umchamo ngokuqhelekileyo enoluhlu olubanzi. Ngaphezu koko, inkqubo nokubunjwa yayo iya kumiselwa izintso imisebenzi yesiqhelo. Malunga Iingcali ezininzi zithi lexinene isalamane umchamo. Ummiselo yale index Ziza kumana zisihla zinyuka ebudeni bemini amaninzi amaxesha. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha umntu uthatha iintlobo ukutya, amanzi okusela Ulahlekwe ulwelo nge ukubila, ukuphefumla kunye neminye imisebenzi. Xa iimeko ezahlukeneyo kidney cell umchamo zalathisi ze loxinano isalamane: 1.001 - 1.040. Kukholelwa oku lexinene umchamo eqhelekileyo. Ukuba omdala esempilweni osela amanzi ngokwaneleyo, lexinene isalamane umchamo, izinga okhankanywe ngentla, kusasa babe amanani alandelayo: 1.015 - 1.020. Morning umchamo kuba uxakeke gqitha, ekubeni ulwelo Asingeni emzimbeni ebusuku.

mninzi umchamo yinto eqhelekileyo, ukuba umbala wayo umququ-yellow, oluselubala, kwaye enza ivumba. Indlela wayo kufuneka lufikelela-4 ukuya kwelesi-7.

Le baruria eyingozi?

Ukuba umntu ingxinano nangakumbi umchamo, loo nto ibonisa ukuba kukho iinkqubo ezithile zophendlo lwezifo emzimbeni, nto leyo elizwini ibizwa ngokuba "baruria". Esi sifo ukwanda wabonisa nokudumba, ingakumbi, glomerulonephritis oyingozi okanye kwegazi yaneleyo kule kwizintso. Ukuba kuye kwaba enkulu ilahleko extrarenal fluid apho. Ezi ziquka urhudo, ukugabha, ilahleko igazi elikhulu, ukutsha ngaphezu indawo enkulu, ukudumba, iintlungu esiswini, emathunjini. On baruria ziya ungqine nomchamo oluninzi glucose, iiproteins, iziyobisi kunye metabolites zabo. Unobangela wale sifo iya ukugula kusasa ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ukuba uluphumelele kuhlahlelo umchamo, umyinge apho lwenyuka (ngaphezu kwama-1030), oku kuya kubonisa baruria. Ezi ziphumo kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba bayixoxe gqirha.

ingozi enkulu kubomi babantu, lexinene eliphezulu umchamo ayikho uxanduva. Kodwa ke iintlobo ezimbini:

1. Pathology le kidney, ezifana nephrotic syndrome.
2. Ukungabikho kwezimilo ephambili kwezintso (glycosuria, ezigula, ithi zomzimba apho ukunyuka reabsorption amanzi tubules njengoko imbuyekezo, yaye ngoko ke uqala ingqondo umchamo).

Yintoni wangqina gipostenuriya?

Gipostenuriya - ngumbala baruria sifo. Lubonakala yi ezixineneyo kuyehla umchamo. Isizathu uba yondele umonakalo kwezintso tubular, iswekile insipidus, ukusilela kwezintso osisigxina okanye lwegazi amabi.

Gipostenuriya ibonisa ukuba ukuhlukunyezwa kwenzeka ekukwazini izintso kugxila. Kwaye oku, ke, icebisa ukusilela kwezintso. Kwaye ukuba ufumene esi sifo, uyacebiswa ukuba isicelo ngoko nangoko kugqirha, nephrologist, ngubani uya kukwabela unyango ngexesha kuyimfuneko.

Norms umchamo for abantwana

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambilana kweli nqaku, lexinene kwemigangatho umchamo ahlukile yobudala nganye. Uhlalutyo umchamo omdala kakhulu kwahlukile umntwana. It ziyahluka ngeendlela ezininzi, kodwa ke eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba oko ezahlukeneyo - kwimithetho. ingxinano Relative umchamo umntwana kufuneka ihlangabezane le migangatho ilandelayo:

- izinga yosuku olunye i itakane 1.008 ukuya 1.018;

- Ukuba umntwana malunga iinyanga ezintandathu, lo mmiselo bekuya kuba kuye 1,002-1,004;

- phakathi kweminyaka leenyanga ezintandathu ukuya kunyaka ka ingxinano ekhoyo umchamo - ke uluhlu 1.006 ukuya 1.010;

- phakathi kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu ngaphaya lexinene umchamo iyakuba ukusuka 1.010 ukuya 1.020;

- abantwana, nto leyo malunga 7-8 iminyaka, ummiselo 1,008-1,022;

- kunye nabo uluhlu eyi-10 ukuya ku-12, ingxinano yabo umchamo yecebo izinga 1,011-1,025.

Ngamanye amaxesha, abazali kunzima kakhulu ukuqokelela umchamo umntwana wakho, ingakumbi xa incinci kakhulu. Kodwa ukuze ukumisela lexinene umchamo kwilabhoratri apho uhlalutyo enjalo ikhutshwa phandle, kufuneka zisiwe hayi ml ngaphantsi kwe-50.