Innervation kwentliziyo. komzimba lwezonyango intliziyo

Innervation wentliziyo kunye neempawu zayo komzimba - ulwazi, ngaphandle apho bekuya kuba nzima ukuba babekho ngokucacileyo yonke imiba yomsebenzi lesi sitho ebalulekileyo emzimbeni womntu. onomdla ngokwaneleyo ukuze ukwazi ukuthi ingqondo enxibelelana embindini kwegazi emzimbeni wethu. Ukongeza, isakhiwo kunye nemigaqo ekusebenzeni zentliziyo nazo ephawulekayo.

inhliziyo isebenze

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo, omnye Ukutsho ke ndithi, indlela engundoqo umbutho inkqubo yokujikeleza umzimba womntu intliziyo. Kuyinto ezibuhlazarha, ngokumila etsobhileyo kwaye ibekwe em- esifubeni. Ukuba ukuchaza umsebenzi wayo, usebenzisa ngendlela elula kakhulu, singatsho ukuba intliziyo esebenza njenge impompo, ukuze kugqitywe inkqubo oluntsonkothileyo kwemithambo, imithambo yegazi nemithambo yegazi imfuneko okuqhubekayo ukuze likwazi ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo yegazi lomzimba.

Umdla kukuba intliziyo unako ukuvelisa umsebenzi yayo zombane. Ikhethwa yi olu phawu, ngathi automaton. Olu phawu ivumela nokuba iseli ekwanti kwemisipha intliziyo sincipha ngokwayo. Olu phawu ibalulekile intsebenziswano ezinzileyo umzimba.

iimpawu zezakhiwo

Ekuqaleni, le nkqubo ubangela intliziyo ukuze sinikele ingqalelo apho kulo mzimba. Kubhaliwe ikhona, njengoko kucacisiwe apha ngentla, em- esifubeni, yaye ngoko ukuba inxalenye encinane yayo yenzelwe ukuba ekunene kwaye elikhulu ngokufanelekileyo - ekhohlo. Ngoko ke ndicinga ukuba ngentliziyo yonke ekwindawo lasekhohlo esifubeni sakho, into engalunganga.

Kodwa ukuba ngqo ngakumbi, kwindawo apho ibekwe intliziyo - na mediastinum, apho kukho ezimbini ekuthiwa kumgangatho - ezisezantsi neziphezulu.

Heart Ubukhulu komndilili ngokulinganayo umthamo ibhrashi ukuba ebambe. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba intliziyo yahlulwe ulwahlulo ezizodwa zibe iziqingatha ezibini - ekhohlo nasekunene. Kwelinye icala, nganye kwezi ndawo linamacandelo ezifana ventricle kunye intendelezo, phakathi nto kukho umnyango. Ivalwe yi isivingco caba. A phawu yale vana na isakhiwo bakhe; ngasekunene kwakhe uye amaphetshana amathathu, kwaye ekhohlo - ezimbini.

ventricle ilungelo

Kulo mzekelo, kuba umngxuma ngaphakathi yayo oluninzi imivalo kwezihlunu. Kukho kwakhona izihlunu papillary. Kuxhomekeke kubo kumka intambo imicu ukuba ivelufa leyo ivale kuvulwa phakathi ventricle ekunene kwaye intendelezo ekunene.

Malunga uthe wevalufa, isakhiwo yayo ibandakanya amaphetshana ezintathu, wakha le endocardium. Xa ventricle ekunene lifinyele, le vana ivale ukuvulwa kwiibhloko ekupheleni ukuhamba reverse kwegazi. Hi ndlela leyi, ivela kweli cala intliziyo iya buti yemiphunga, ukuya amalungu sokuphefumla. Ngokutsho kuyo, ihamba igazi lwemithambo.

Le ventricle ekhohlo

Ukuba ukuyithelekisa kwi ekunene, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kule meko udonga kakhulu ziyatyeba. Umzobo ingqalelo kumphezulu ngaphakathi eludongeni lwayo, umntu uyakwazi ukubona yaqabela kwezihlunu kunye nezihlunu papillary. Ihamba kude kubo, imisonto imicu, ezo busisigxina kungqameko ivalve atrioventricular ekhohlo.

Le ventricle lasekhohlo kwentliziyo Kubalulekile kananjalo indawo apho esimbaxa buti sikhulu, ngokuba aorta. Kuphelile ngalo mbhojana umphanda ibekwe imingxunyana ukuba nemithambo yenhliziyo ukuba ondle intliziyo.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba lonke igazi esimbaxa lingena intendelezo lasekhohlo, kwaye sele apha iwela ventricle sasekhohlo, oko kuxoxwe ngasentla. Njengoko ubona, zonke izinto zentliziyo zihlobene, yaye xa kukho ukungasebenzi kakuhle omnye wabo, oko kuya kuchaphazela umzimba uphela.

imikhumbi

Ethetha iimpahla apho unikezelo igazi entliziyweni, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba ngaphandle komzimba vee ezizodwa. Ngaphezu koko, kukho abo ukuya intliziyo, nabo baphume kuwo.

Kukho kwakhona vee interventricular longitudinal kwicala elingaphantsi kunye ventricular komhlaba ngaphambili. Iyonke kwemijelo ezimbini - umva kunye ngaphambili, kodwa bobabini sikhokelwa encotsheni lomzimba.

Musa ukulibala malunga sulcus coronal, nto leyo ifumaneka phakathi kwamagumbi ezisezantsi neziphezulu izibophelelo. Ilungelo kunye nemithambo ekhohlo yenhliziyo wentliziyo, kunoko, amasebe awo ezise- kanye kuwo. Umsebenzi wawo ekulondleni igazi emzimbeni. Kungenxa yoko le nto, ukuba umfanekiso neplaque okanye ihlwili legazi ufumana apho, ubomi babantu busemngciphekweni kule ndawo.

Kwakhona Ngelo xesha kukho ezinye imithambo ezinkulu wentliziyo, kwakunye komboko lwemithambo ukuba uphume kulo mzimba.

valve

Ezi zinto zifakwe kwi ebizwa ngokuba amathambo intliziyo, equka namakhonkco amabini ezinezikhondo. Abo, ke ngoko ibekwe phakathi namagumbi aphezulu nengasezantsi.

Entliziyweni yomntu kukho 4 kuphela vana.

Imvelaphi (ngokuqhelekileyo) ibizwa atrioventricular ekunene okanye tricuspid. Owona msebenzi wayo - ukuvala amathuba ukubuya yokumpompoza kwegazi ukusuka ventricle ekunene.

Okulandelayo, ivelufa ekhohlo iye beziya ezimbini kuphela, kutheni, baza igama efanelekileyo - butterfly. Oku kusengenziwa ngokuba ivalve mitral. Kuyimfuneko ukwenza iphaphazelise ethintela ukuhamba kwegazi ukusuka intendelezo ekhohlo ukuya ventricle lasekhohlo kwentliziyo.

ivalve sesithathu - ngaphandle kokuvula intsika yemiphunga wayeza kuhlala ejongile. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekubeni kumpompoza igazi emva ventricle.

wesekethe Heart luquka isivingco yesine leyo imi kwindawo apho imveliso ye aorta. Akavumeli ukuhamba kwegazi liyabuyiselwa entliziyweni.

Izinto ukwazi malunga nenkqubo Uhanjiso

Blood unikezelo kwi intliziyo - oku kuphela umsebenzi elandelwayo exhomekeke umsebenzi ezinzileyo kulo mzimba. Kubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye ukuyilwa nokubetha kwentliziyo. Kungenxa inkqubo Uhanjiso uyila yindibanisela umaleko dystrophy, nto leyo isebenza isiqalo welungu ephambili kwegazi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela into yokuba esiludumbo sinoatrial yindawo apho ubume is generated, enika umyalelo ukunciphisa imisipha intliziyo. Ke ukuba indawo yayo, nguye, apho intendelezo ekunene ongena kuthembeke eVienna.

Izithinteli ezichazwe ngasentla kuba nefuthe enjalo entliziyweni, nto leyo yenziwe Bulelani ukuba le nkqubo ilandelayo:

- nolungelelwaniso atrial kunye ventricular kwamathumbu;

- odala Ukufuna rhythmical;

- ukuzibandakanya yolunye le ventricular iseli kwezihlunu layer kwinkqubo contractile (ngaphandle izinga ngendlela bekuya kuba nzima kakhulu).

innervation intliziyo

Ekuqaleni, kuyanceda ukuqonda ukuba isigama ibonisa. Ngoko innervation - akunto ufana Ukwanda inxalenye ethile ye-luvo emzimbeni ukuba kukho unxibelelwano ezinzileyo ngokupheleleyo nenkqubo luvo. Ngamanye amazwi, le kwenethiwekhi, ekuthe ingqondo olawula izihlunu kunye namaziko. Loo inkalo ephilayo akunakuphepheka ngokufundisisa isihloko ezifana isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi kwentliziyo.

Ufundo ngakumbi kule topic, ungaqalisa apha enyanisweni: inkqubo yindibanisela imisipha intliziyo ilawulwa yi bobabini yonyango kunye neenkqubo luvo. Ngelo xesha litshintsha isingqisho emanxebani ezichatshazelwe kakhulu ngqo innervation yawo kwentliziyo. Sithetha malunga uvuselelo novelwano kunye parasympathetic. Okokuqala kwandisa nezihlandlo ukusikwa, kwaye eyesibini, ngokulandelelana, oko kunciphisa.

umsebenzi jikelele yomzimba kulawulwa amaziko kwentliziyo ka-Pons kunye Oblongata Medulla. Ukusuka kula maziko ngoncedo luvo novelwano kwaye parasympathetic nokudlulisela zizimvo eziphembelela ukomelela kwamathumbu, rhoqo labo kunye nesantya trioventrikulyarnogo. Ngokumalunga ukosuleleka leesekethe-luvo iziphumo intliziyo, ngoko le ndima apha, njengokuba nayiphi namanye amalungu athwale mediators. Inkqubo onovelwano yi norepinephrine, kwaye acetylcholine kwi parasympathetic ngokulandelelanayo.

iimpawu uphawu le innervation intliziyo

izixhobo Intraorganic ethukile intliziyo amalungiselelo nzima kakhulu. Uchazwa yi kwimithambo- ukuqala kuphuma plexus thoracic aortic yaye kuphela emva koko ufake iqumrhu engundoqo inkqubo yokujikeleza kunye ganglia. Last - akukho nto kodwa Sisihloko iiseli ibekwe esizikithini izixhobo ikhankanywe ngasentla. luvo nawo yinxalenye yale nkqubo. imvelaphi yalo nithabatha ganglia intliziyo. Gqibezela esi sakhiwo kwenza effectors nezamkeli.

innervation wentliziyo kukwaquka ubukho imicu nemizwa. Ziqulethe iiyunithi lomqolo kunye luvo vagus. Eli qela lukwaquka Imicu motor yawo.

imicu bezempilo

Ngoko ke, ukuba ahlawule ingqalelo iinkalo ezifana yesihloko, njengoko innervation onovelwano yentliziyo, ngoko ekuqaleni kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo kumthombo ezi imicu. Ngamanye amazwi, kukujongisisa ukuba indlela besondela igunya usembindini kwegazi. Impendulo ilula: uphondo osecaleni eliphezulu thoracic inxalenye umnqonqo.

Umongo kwesiphumo yokulola onovelwano liye lancitshiswa isiphumo amandla ventricular nokurhwaqela atrial, lokubonakala indyebo yalo. Enyanisweni, kuba nemiphumo emihle inotropic. Kodwa loo nto zonke - ukunyusa izinga intliziyo. Kulo mzekelo, iyavakala ukuthetha malunga nempembelelo entle chronotropic. Isiphumo sokugqibela innervation onovelwano, ekufuneka sinikele ingqalelo - oku imiphumo dromotropic - ezizezi, ifuthe lekhefu phakathi atrial kunye ventricular kwesibeleko.

Inxalenye parasympathetic yenkqubo

Innervation intliziyo nayo ibandakanya ezi nkqubo. Olu hlobo ifayibha ukulungele entliziyweni njengenxalenye luvo vagus, kwaye macala omabini.

Ukuba sithethe ngayo kwimicu i "ekunene", umsebenzi wazo ukuba innervation, ngokulandelelana, njengoko intendelezo ekunene. Kummandla esiludumbo sinoatrial, zakha plexus ashinyeneyo. Ngokumalunga luvo vagus ekhohlo, imicu esukela yinxalenye kuye, esiza node atrioventricular.

Ethetha isiphumo ukuba luvelisa innervation parasympathetic bentliziyo, kufanelekile ukuba sikhankanye ukuncipha yamandla ucutheko atrial ukuhla izinga lentliziyo kunye. Kodwa ke ukunyuka ukulibaziseka atrioventricular. Asinto nzima ukuba ziqukunjewe ukuba umsebenzi luvo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kakhulu xa kwegazi.

ukuvimbela

Ngokuchasene imvelaphi yolwazi mhlawumbi ezintsonkothileyo ngoko intliziyo, iyavakala ukuba ahlawule ingqalelo kancinane amanyathelo alula eza kunceda ukusigcina ukuze yokusebenza iminyaka emininzi.

Ngoko ke, enikwe oko iinkalo ntoni na isakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wentliziyo, oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba impilo umzimba luxhomekeke kwezi nkalo zilandelayo zintathu: izihlunu zomzimba, imithambo yegazi kunye ithombo legazi.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba bonke kwaba kuhle imisipha ngentliziyo, kufuneka ayinike umthwalo elifanelekileyo. Le mission uzalisekisa ngokupheleleyo ukubaleka (ngaphandle inzondelelo) okanye ukuhamba. imithambo ezinjalo kuyiqaqadekisa iqumrhu engundoqo kwegazi.

Ngoku kancinci iimpahla. Ngoko ke baba ifom ekufuneka ukuba udle ekunene. Oku kuthetha ukuba kufuneka kuthi ndlela-ntle ukuya iinxalenye ezinkulu kwaye uzinzile isidlo okunamafutha kunye nokwakha ngokuchanekileyo otya ngayo. Eziphilayo kufuneka ufumane zonke izondlo eziyimfuneko kunye neevithamini, ngoko bonke baya kuba kakuhle.

Kwaye ke isibambiso wokugqibela umsebenzi elide wentliziyo, kwaye umzimba uphela - yinto flow kwegazi elungileyo. Apha ukuba uncedwa okulula: bonke abantu ngokuhlwa igazi sikhula. Kwaye xa sithetha malunga abameli qela lobudala eliphakathi, loo guquki yayo, kwezinye iimeko, kuba yingozi, kunye ingozi yesifo sentliziyo okanye istroke. Nceda alungise ngokuhlwa imeko ehamba indalo. Apho kukho imithi, amachibi, ulwandle, zintaba okanye iingxangxasi - enamandla eliphezulu umoya insimbi, nto leyo iphucula kakhulu fluidity igazi.

isiphelo

Ngokusekelwe yonke le ngcaciso ilapha ngasentla, unako ukuza lilonke ezicacileyo: innervation wentliziyo, ukuba amalungu omzimba kunye nomsebenzi wakhe uphela uya kusoloko kuba izihloko ebalulekileyo, angalahlekelwa ukufaneleka kwayo. Eneneni, ngaphandle olu lwazi, umgangatho apho usoloko nzulu, kunzima ukuba isifo olusebenzayo kunye nonyango bolu intliziyo.