Indiza kaMongameli wase-US: uhlolo-nkcazo, inkcazo, iimpawu kunye namaqiniso anomdla

Inqwelo yomongameli wase-United States isimboli esicacileyo se-United States ngokubanzi kunye ne-ofisi yomntu wokuqala. Nanini na ukuba intloko yelizwe ihambe phesheya okanye kwilizwe lonke, unikezwa nge-airbus ephezulu kunye nezobugcisa. Ngosuku olukhunjulwayo lukaSeptemba 11, inqwelo yeGeorge W. Bush ibonise ukuba oku kungaphezulu kwendiza ye-jet - i-Boeing 747 yaba yintlupheko yeselula xa zonke izikhundla zomhlaba zibonakala zijongene nokuhlaselwa.

Ngoko yintoni umehluko phakathi kwe "Bort Number One" kunye nezinye iindiza zee-moya, kwaye yintoni efunekayo ukuba intloko yombuso ibhabhise emhlabeni? Ukubonelelwa kangakanani ukuba umongameli we-United States uhamba njani, akumangalisi ukuba abezindaba bawubiza ngokuthi "iNdlu ye-White House".

Yiyiphi "Inkohlakalo enye"?

Uninzi lwabantu lucinga ukuba umongameli waseMelika unobhenkco wenyuka kunye nazo zonke iintlobo zobuxhobo eziphezulu. Kodwa kukho ezimbini ezibalulekileyo iinkcukacha ukuba uluntu jikelele alukwazi nto.

Ngokwenene, "Bort number one" akuyiyo indiza. Lo ngumqondiso wocingo lwerediyo kwanoma yiyiphi inqwelo ye-US Air Force ethwele uMongameli wase-United States. Emva kokuba intloko yombuso ihamba ngeenqwelo, kuthethwa ngabasebenzi kunye nabo bonke abathunywa njenge-"Air Force One" (i-Air Force One) ukuphepha ukudideka naliphi na indiza kwindawo. Ukuba umongameli uhamba ngeenqwelo zeenqwelo zomkhosi, ngoko kuthiwa "i-Army Airborne No.1", kwaye rhoqo xa ehleli kwi-helicopter yakhe ekhethekileyo, uba "yiFleet No. 1". Kodwa abantu abahlali bawubiza ngokuthi "Boeing-747".

Indiza kaMongameli wase-US: iimpawu

Kuze kube yimini, kukho ezimbini iindiza ezihamba ngeenqwelo-moya ngaphantsi kwesi sibizo-malunga ngokufanayo "i-Boeing 747-200B". Iindiza ngokwazo zonyulwe i-VC-25A ngeenombolo zomsila ezingama-28,000 kunye nama-29,000.

Ezi zixhobo zombini zinomxholo oqhelekileyo we-"Boeing 747-200B" kunye neempawu ezifanayo. Baye bafikelela ubude obufanayo besakhiwo sezithandathu (19.8 m) kunye nobude bekota yesidolophu (70.66 m). Ngamanye amabini anemine yeenjini ezine-General Electric CF6-80C2B1, ezinika i-252 kN nganye. Isantya esiphezulu sikwi-1014 ukuya kwi-1127 km / h kunye ne-plailing maximum is 13747 m. Inqwelo nganye ithwala i-203129 ilitha yeoli. Inqwelo-moya inesisindo esingama-377,842 kg ngokuxhotyiswa ngokupheleleyo kwiinqwelo-moya ezide. Ngetanki epheleleyo, inqwelo-moya inokuphepha isiqingatha sehlabathi (12553 km).

Njengesiqhelo "i-Boeing 747", ezi zidiza zinamanqanaba amathathu. Kodwa ngaphakathi kwe "Bort # 1" yahluke ngokupheleleyo kwii-airline zentengiso.

Ngaphakathi kweMpi yoMkhosi omnye

Indiza kaMongameli wase-United States, ogama layo lendawo linommandla onomlinganiselo weekhilomitha ezili-371 zeemitha. M., ngakumbi njengehotele okanye iofisi kunomqhubi, ngaphandle kweebhanti zokuhlala kuzo zonke izihlalo. Inqanaba eliphantsi kakhulu lisetyenziselwa ukuthutha impahla. Uninzi lwamagumbi okuhamba aphakathi kwinqanaba eliphakathi, kwaye phezulu kunesistim sokunxibelelana esisisiseko.

Umongameli uhlala kwiindawo zokuhlala, kuquka nekamelo lakhe lokulala, indlu yokulala, indawo yokuzivocavoca kunye neendawo zeofisi. Ininzi yefenitsha yendiza yenziwe ngabaphathi bee-khabhinethi.

Abasebenzi badibanisa kwigumbi elikhulu lenkomfa, elisebenza njengendawo yokudlela. Amanqanaba aphakamileyo anamaofisi abo, kwaye abasebenzi abaseleyo bolawulo loongameli banendawo yokusebenzela kunye nokuzonwabisa. Kukho indawo eyahlukileyo yokuhamba kunye nabathengi, kunye nesithuba esaneleyo sokwenza umsebenzi wabasebenzi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, indiza kaMongameli we-United States inokuthabatha abantu aba-70 kunye nabasebenzi abangama-26 abasebenzi.

IHollywood version

"IBhodi yeNombolo enye" yaboniswa ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwimoya efanayo ye-Hollywood yase-1997 kunye noHarrison Ford njengoMongameli wase-US. Nangona ezinye iinkcukacha zeendawo ezikude zifana neyokuqala, umlawuli wesithombe wanika ithuba lokudala ubugcisa. I-airplane yangempela ayinayo i-capsule yokugcina ubomi, njengoko kuboniswa kwilawutsha, okanye nakwiiparachuthi. Kakade, i-capsule yokuhlangula ayiyona into ongayithetha ngayo.

Ubeko

Inqwelo yomongameli wase-United States igxininiswe kwi-halo ethile engummangaliso, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba ukufikelela kuyo kubantu abaninzi kunqongophele. Ngaphandle kwamapolitiki amenywe kunye neentatheli abavunyelwe kwezinye iindawo zalo, kwaye uMoya woMoya uqaphele ngokwaneleyo ukufihla iinkcukacha ezithile zobume beenqwelo. Ziziphi iimfihlakalo zeenqwelo zomongameli? Inani elithile elisemthethweni nelingekho mthethweni lishicilele inkcazo ecacileyo yento ephakathi kwe "Bort # 1", kodwa akukho mntu unako, njengokuba uyaziwa, uthe ngqo ukuba la malungu anxulumana njani. Kwaye nangona umntu ebenjalo, ngoko, mhlawumbi, uya kufumana isiluleko esinobuhle ukufihla le ngcaciso ngezizathu zokhuseleko lwesizwe.

Yilokho esikwaziyo: njengeBoeing 747 eqhelekileyo, inqwelo yomongameli we-United States ngaphakathi ihlukaniswe zibe zintathu. Kwaye, njengoko kunokuqinisekiswa ngabapapasho bamabonwakude, abagibeli bangena kwiingcango ezintathu. Ngokuqhelekileyo intloko yombuso, ukubingelela abo badibanayo, isebenzisa umnyango kwiphakheji ephakathi, apho idilesi yokugibela izithuthi ehamba ngayo. Iintatheli zingena emnyango ongemuva, apho zikhawuleza zenyuka kwinqanaba eliphakathi. Uninzi lwendawo yokushicilela ibonakala njengecandelo lokuqala kwiklasi kwi-jet liner yesiqhelo, kunye nezihlalo ezikhululekile.

Kucacile ukuba, kufuneka kwakhona:

• Ummandla wabasebenzi;
• Ekhitshini elingaphandle;
• Igumbi lenkomfa kunye negumbi lokudlela;
• Inani lomongameli kunye neofisi yakhe;
• Beka umsebenzi kunye nabanye abasebenzi.

Kwaye, kunjalo, kufuneka kubekho isikhungo sokunxibelelana, i-salon kunye ne-cockpit, njengokuba kuqhutywe nge-aircraft evamile.

Ngokubambisene nokusetyenziswa kwendabuko kwendawo yokuhamba, "I-Bort # 1" ixutywe ngezobuchwephesha ezahlukeneyo, eyahlula kwi-aircraft eziqhelekileyo.

Izixhobo

Ekubeni "i-Bort # 1" ithatha umongameli, ezinye iindwendwe zingaba zide, kwaye inqwelo-moya inemisebenzi ethile ekhethekileyo, ininzi yayo engekhoyo kwiindiza zomntu.

Iqela lipheka ukutya kwiikhikhini ezimbini ezixhobile ngokupheleleyo. Inani elikhulu lokutya ligcinwa kumafrijifaki kwidokethi elisezantsi. I-crew ingondla abantu abayi-100 ngexesha, kwaye ivenkile ikuvumela ukuba ube nesitokhwe se-2,000 servings.

Ubuninzi bobuchwepheshe bubandakanyeka kwigumbi lonyango. Kukho i-pharmacy epheleleyo, ezininzi izixhobo zokunakekelwa ngongxamiseko kunye netafile yokusebenzisa. Iqela libandakanya ugqirha ohamba nomongameli, naphi na apho uya khona. Ukuthabatha, inqwelo-moya iyilungiselelwe ngokusemgangathweni kuzo zonke iimeko ezingalindelekanga.

Ngokungafani nesiqhelo esithi "iBoeing 747", "iBhodi yeNombolo ye-1" ixhotyiswe ngeendlela zayo zokuhamba kunye nokuhamba phambi nangemva. Iingcambu zivuliwe kwi-ponto ephantsi, kunye namalungu abasebenzi kunye nabasebenzi bekhwela isiteji sangaphakathi ukuze bafike kwindawo ephezulu. Inqwelo-moya nayo inomthwalo wayo wemithwalo. Ngezo zongezelelweyo, "I-Bort # 1" ayixhomekeke kwiinkonzo zesikhululo-moya, ezinokubangela ingozi yokukhusela.

Ukuzaliswa koombane

Into ephawulekayo yendiza yikhompyutha. Iquka iifowuni ezingama-85 kwiibhodi, iqoqo le-walkie-talkies, imishini yefeksi kunye nekhompyutha. Kukho iisethi ze-TV kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zeofisi. Inkqubo yefowuni ixhomekeke kumigangatho yomhlaba yoqhagamshelwano oluqhelekileyo nolonxibelelwano karhulumente. Umongameli kunye nabasebenzi bakhe banokuthetha nabani na umntu ehlabathini, behamba ngesantya sokuhamba ngeekhilomitha ezimbalwa ngaphezu komhlaba.

Umsebenzi we-electronic-board unikeza malunga neekhilomitha ezili-380 zeekrosi (ngokuphindwe kabini kwi-"Boeing 747" ngokuqhelekileyo). Ukuphonononga kwanele ukukhusela ubuchule ukusuka kwiphampu ye-electromagnetic eyenziwa yi-explosion nyukliya.

Enye into enokuthi i-refueling indiza. Njenga-B-2 okanye enye i-aircraft yokulwa, oku kwenza iinqanawa zihlale zihlala emoyeni ngonaphakade, ezinokubaluleka kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.

Ezinye zezinto ezinomdla kakhulu kwi "Bort # 1" - iipononic eziphambili kunye neendlela zokukhusela - zihlelwe. Kodwa uMoya woMoya ugcina ukuba i-aircraft ngokuqinisekileyo yinqwelo yempi, kwaye yenzelwe ukulwa nokuhlasela komoya. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ixhotyiswe kwinkqubo yokuxinzekiswa kwikhompyutha, ekwazi ukubulala i-radar yezilwanyana. Inqwelo-moya nayo ikwazi ukudubula izibambo zangasese ukuze zitshintshe iibhoksi zikhokelo.

Ukulungiselela uhambo

Uhambo ngalunye lwe "Bort # 1" lubalwa njengomsebenzi wempi kwaye luveliswe ngokufanelekileyo. I-Servicemen kwi-airbase yase-Andrews e-Maryland ihlolisise ngenyameko le moya kunye nomgwaqo ngaphambi kokuhamba.

Xa ixesha lokuthabatha lifika, i-helicopter yomongameli inika umntu wokuqala welizwe ukusuka kwiNdlu eNtshonalanga ukuya kwi-airbase ye-Andrews. Abasebenzi besiseko bajonga iindiza ezingavumelekanga ezikufuphi kwaye banelungelo lokuzidubula ngaphandle kwesixwayiso.

Ngaphambi kwendiza nganye ye "Bort # 1", i-Air Force ithumela inqwelo yeenqwelo-moya C141 Starlifter ethwele i-motorcade kwindawo eya kuyo. Iquka iqoqo le-limousines ye-bullet-proofs kunye neenqwelo ezinqwelo ngezixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwentloko karhulumente emhlabeni.

Umongameli uhlala esekweni ngebhola "ibhola" - i-suitcase apho iikhowudi zokuthunyelwa kweekryukri zigcinwa khona. Igosa lombutho we-Air Force lilindile ngexesha lobaleka, ngaphambi kokuba linikezele kwigosa lempi emhlabathini.

Ilungelo lokusebenza nomongameli

Njengomqhubi oqhelekileyo, iinqwelo-moya zokuqala zelizwe zikhonjwe ngabasebenzi be-flight, kwaye abaphathi balungiselela nokulungiselela ukutya, kwaye bahlambulula i-moya. Bakhethwe ngokukhethekileyo emkhosini kunye negama elingenakwenzeka. Amalungu abaphathi abalungiselela ukutya kufuneka abone izinga eliphezulu lokhuseleko. Ngokomzekelo, xa kuthengwa ukutya, basebenze ngaphantsi kwaye bakhethe izitolo ezinkulu ngengozi ukukhusela iinzame zokutyhefuza. Inqwelo ekhonzayo yomongameli wase-US inkulu kunehotele yeenkwenkwezi ezintlanu.

Amalungu amaqela afumana ilungelo elincinane kakhulu - basebenzisana nentloko karhulumente xa ephantsi kwimeko esengozini. Wonke umongameli, uqale noHarry Truman, wahlala ebudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nabasebenzi bakhe, kwaye ukuhamba kwexesha lokugqibela bekuhlala kushukumisekile.

Inqwelo kaMongameli: imbali ye-American "Bort # 1"

Kuze kube yimfazwe yehlabathi II, iintloko zaseUnited States azizange zihambe kude nekhaya. Ukutyelela kwamanye amazwe uthathe ixesha elininzi kwaye wanqumla intloko yelizwe ukusuka kumaziko aphezulu amakhulu.

Ukuphuhliswa kweenqwelo-moya kwavumela umongameli ukuba ajikeleze ihlabathi kwaye abuyele e-US ngexesha elifutshane. Ngomnyaka we-1943, uFranklin Roosevelt waba ngowokuqala inkokheli kaRhulumente, owanyuka emoyeni, ehamba kwi-Boeing 314 yeenqwelo ezindizayo kwiinkomfa eCasablanca.

URovelvelt wagqiba ekubeni athathe isinyathelo esinjalo, ngenxa yokuba i-submarines yaseJalimane yenza iilwandle ziyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa impumelelo yalo mishini yenza iindiza ngendlela efanelekileyo yokuhambisa intloko yelizwe. Kungekudala urhulumente wagqiba ekubeni anike umongameli ngenqwelo-moya ekhethekileyo. Umkhosi wamanzi uqale ukhetha i-C-87A Liberator Express, iB-24 ibhobho elungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwabantu, ngokuthi "Ukuqagela apho."

Emva kwesinye i-C-87A yaphahlazeka phantsi kweemeko eziyimfihlelo, inkonzo yenkonzo yokhuseleko yanquma ukuba le moya ayithembeki ngokwaneleyo kumongameli. Kungekudala uRovelvelt wayilungiselele i-C-54 Skymaster, eyayineendawo zokulala, i-radiotelephone kunye nokuphakanyiswa okukhuselekayo kwisihlalo sabakhubazekile. Isithuthi, esibizwa ngokuba yi "Sacred Cow", sathumela intloko ka rhu lumente kwinani leemisebenzi ezibalulekileyo, kubandakanywa inkomfa yaseYalta.

UMongameli Truman "I-Cred Sac" yafa, kodwa yatshintshwa nguDDC-6, ebizwa ngokuba yi "Independence." Ngokungafani nendiza yangaphambilini, i-"Bort # 1" entsha inemibala yokuthanda izwe kunye nomfanekiso wentloko yokhozi kwimpumlo yayo. I-Eisenhower yabonelelwa ngeenqwelo ezimbini zeefelitsha ezifana nezixhobo eziphuculweyo, kubandakanywa umnxeba kunye ne-teletype.

Ukususela e-Eisenhower ukuya ku-Obama

Ngomnyaka we-1958, uMbutho wamaMandla unikeze amabini ama-Boeing-707. Oku kwakuyinyathelo eliphambili elibhekiselele ekuqhathaniswa neenqwelo zangaphambili zangaphambili. Kwakuyinto yokokuba uphawu lokufowunelwa "I-Bort # 1" lwaqala ukusetyenziswa, kwaye uluntu lwamkela eli gama emva kokuba uKennedy athathe iofisi.

Ekuqaleni kwekota lakhe, uKennedy wongezelela i-Boeing 707 ephakamileyo, ephakamileyo ixesha elide.

Le moya kunye namawele ayo, avunywe kwiinqwelo zomoya ngo-1972, yadlala indima kwimicimbi ebalulekileyo yeembali kwiminyaka engama-50 edlulileyo. I-Boeing 707 ithwale uKennedy ukuya eDallas ngoNovemba 22, 1963, kwaye ngaloo mini wayithatha umzimba wakhe. Ngomkhumbi, uLyndon Johnson ufungelwe njengomongameli olandelayo wase-US. Inqwelo enye yaqhuba uNixon kwiSithili saseColombia ukuya eCalifornia emva kokuyeka kwakhe. Ngesigxina abasebenzi bafumana ubungqina bokuthi uGerald Ford ufungelwe njengomongameli olandelayo, kwaye umnxeba wendiza waguqulwa waba yi-SAM (i-air special special mission) 27,000.

I-Boeing 707 yakhonza uReagan ngamagama amabini kunye noGeorge Bush Sr. ngexesha lakhe lokuqala. Ngo-1990, i-707 eyadlulileyo yatshintshwa ngu-Boeing 747, umphathi weenqwelo-moya wase-United States uBarack Obama wasebenzisa namhlanje.

Olunye utshintsho kwipaki yokukhusela i-head of state lucwangciselwe emuva ngo-2010 emva kweminyaka engama-20 yeendiza. Ukuba siqhathanisa iindiza zamongameli zamazwe ahlukeneyo, iU.SA ayifuni ukuvela kwiindawo ezizikhethekileyo zeenqwelo. Ngokomzekelo, i-Today's "Boeing 747-400" ifumaneka kwiNkulumbuso yaseJapan, uKumkani waseBahrain, uSultan waseBrunei, uKumkani waseOman, uKumkani waseSaudi Arabia, njl. NgoJanuwari 28, 2015, uMbutho wamandla wamkela ukuba iinqwelo-moya ezilandelayo ziza kuba " Boeing 747-8. "