Indima yesibizo kwintetho. Ukusetyenziswa izibizo kwintetho

Udidi izigaba zentetho ngolwimi Russian ke morphology esisiseko. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba yahlulwe ibe ziindidi ezine: ezizimeleyo, inkonzo, zizilabalabi (okanye igalelo) amagama kunye Ukusebenzisa iindidi zesigama. Eyokuqala siyasebenza yesibizo. Ubukhulu becala, oko kuthathwa njenge iingqiqo eziphambili kweelwimi.

Ezibizo njengenxalenye kwintetho

Lexicon wethu iqulethe inani elikhulu amagama ebonisa izinto, nokuba abantu, izilwanyana, ezinye izinto okanye izinto. Zonke ezi izibizo. Ukongeza, kukho izinto ezithile, kuquka iimpawu zomntu, umzekelo, ukunyaniseka, ububele, umona; belele, ukubaleka, ukudanisa, nokuphumla. izibizo ezifana nazo Akukhathaliseki of iinxa zonke, uphendula umbuzo othi "ngubani?" okanye "ntoni?".

Onke la mazwi kuthiwa izinto eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo kufuneka iindidi morphological ezifana ezifana nesini, inombolo kunye icala. Ngako oko, bona zahlulwe isini ezintathu (njengendoda, esobukhomokazi, phakathi), ziyahluka ngenani (isinye nesininzi), kwakunye namatyala ezintandathu.

Ezibizo njengenxalenye kwintetho Kuye i imilo lokuqala ngokohlobo isinye nominative: unodoli, intombazana, iqabaka, uvuyo, iswekile.

Indima njengesibizo kwintetho

In Russian, kuba onke amagama 100 akhawunti izibizo-40. Bona i-40% lobume lungelelanisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba phantse lonke ilizwi lwesibini isifundo okanye umba uphendula lo mbuzo, "ngubani?" okanye "ntoni?". Ngenxa yokuba kunzima ukuba zazi indima yesibizo kwintetho.

Ubukhulu becala, ngaphandle iiyunithi zegrama akayi kuza ngamadlelane ngokupheleleyo. Emva kokuba isigwebo, njengoko umthetho, kukho unxulumano phakathi kwezinto kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwabo, ngoko phantse zonke kubo sisibizo, kwaye kaninzi ngaphezu kwesinye. Ukubaluleka kwale nxalenye yale ntetho kakuhle-eyaziwa ngeelwimi, wathi VG Vetvitsky, usenza njengoko "orchestra lwegrama" yonke into yenziwa wabukela yonke i "okhestra" - Amazwi oxhomekeke ukuba ilifa ifomu uze ungavumelani naye.

Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kunye ubumbaxa kakhulu izibizo, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwazo njengendlela kolwimi oludlulisa (izafobe, epithets, uthelekiso), kwaye ubukho ezininzi, kungekuphela nje ngqo, kodwa ngengqiqo yokomfuziselo.

Ukusetyenziswa izibizo kwintetho

Olu didi lwe iinxalenye zentetho kwizivakalisi wenza umsebenzi ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni iziseko Isimaphambili. Umzekelo, sisibizo inokufana kwekota inqununu kuphela kwi kwisivakalisi nominative. Umzekelo okuphawuleka ikhowuti ngu Alexander Blok, "Night. Street. Lantern. Pharmacy ... "

Indima sesibizo uchaphazelekayo akukho alinganiselwe kangaka. Ngenxa Isivisa, ukuba lungabonakaliswa kule nominative kwizivakalisi ekuthiwa njalo-bicomponent: "Usisi wam - umfundi", yaye yakha ityala elibhalwe ngokumileyo elisetyenziswa zokusasaza kwezi zithethe zixabisekileyo zilandelayo:

• into ( "ingqondo ugcwalisa Diary");
• luluvo ( "intombazana wawuqaqambile kwaye wonwabe");
• attributive ( "chief IKhabhinethi banzi ngokwaneleyo ');
• izibaluli ( "Sonke ndawonye emnyango").

Ngenxa yokuba kwesibizo unalo didi isini kunye nenombolo, ukuba uyakwazi eya kuhlanganiswa kwiintlobo ngeentlobo thethwana la mazwi: amahle (s) isinxibo (I), ezintle (s) umfanekiso (s), ezintle (f) intyatyambo (s).

Ukusetyenziswa lwezibizo eziphathekayo

Kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu lwamaxabiso ezixeliweyo kule nxalenye yale ntetho yahlulwe ngamaqela eziliqela, phakathi kuzo unit (elilingana ne, iindiza), izinto (ubisi, nobusi, isilivere), ukuqokelela (amagqabi, intlabathi, nezilo). Kodwa mhlawumbi yeyona ezininzi yaye abantu abaninzi kusetyenziso intetho - izibizo, aphakathi eziphathekayo izinto ezithile.

kanye Ibinzana elithi "izibizo eziphathekayo" sele imisele ngokwaneleyo umxholo weqela. Le nto ibizwa ngokuba izinto ezahlukeneyo ngezimanga leyinene. Enye peculiarity babo kukuba amazwi izibizo didi-ngqo edibene ngokupheleleyo ne naziphi neenyumerali - zombini zamanani kunye olandelelwano ngokusaphuhliswayo, yaye ehlangeneyo: zingane, usana yesibini, abantwana ababini; iipensile ezimbini - ipensile yesibini.

Olona phawu yesibini - ukukwazi ukwenza iimilo isininzi: esesi - abasafunda ukuhamba ipensile - iipensile.

Ukusetyenziswa lwezibizo abstract

Amagama ezinye izinto ezithile, kakhulu, kukho umaleko esiluqilima isigama Russian. La magama - izibizo, amagama okanye ebonisa ezinye izinto ezithile, isenzo okanye urhulumente (a umzabalazo, uvuyo), umgangatho okanye iimpawu (yokuziphatha, ukulunga, yellowness).

Ngokungafaniyo amagama athile abstract kusetyenziswa kuphela uhlobo - okanye kuphela enye (cwaka, isilungiseleli seglosi, ukuhleka, ububi), okanye kuphela ezininzi (phakathi evekini, iiholide, unyulo, ngorhatya). Kwakhona, abakwazi ukuba kudityaniswe amanani iimpawu. Musa ukuthi, tu ezintathu, lo isilungiseleli seglosi ezimbini. Ezinye izibizo abstract angasebenzisa eninzi lwezihlomelo - a kancinane - kakhulu, kakhulu, "Kwaye ixesha elininzi abantwana bazisa uvuyo!", "Uya kuzisa kwiinkathazo ezininzi," "Yaye kangakanani ke luck"!

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuze kuchongwe nayiphi imbonakaliso obubambekayo iimpawu abstract, ungasetyenziswa xa isininzi kule fomu: iqabaka - waduma Januwari kuneqabaka, ubunzulu - ukufikelela iinzulu zolwandle, ubuhle - kunandipha ubuhle bendalo, njl

Uninzi izibizo ngokufuthi kwintetho

Ukuba sizama kukuhlalutya isigama we computeryomndilili Russian, sinokugqiba malunga ukuthandwa amagama athile asetyenziswe ngayo. Eyona adla ngokusetyenziswa, ngoko ukuthetha, izibizo ngemihla. Xa intetho nawuphi na umntu kuya kuvakala impahla amagama (icephe, imela, ifolokhwe, neembiza, neepani, njalo-njalo), ukutya (isonka, ubisi, sausage, ipasta, njalo-njalo), Words ezinxulumene nengqesho, ezothutho, izifundo.

Ukuze ubone kusetyenziswa kwintetho kangaphi okanye igama (igama ingqiqo), Philologists-izazinzulu kudala izichazi siko. Ezinye zazo kuphela izibizo, ke ngoko, esekelwe ekufundeni ezinjalo ukuzoba kwizigqibo ezithile. Ezi izichazi kuthiwa rhoqo.

nyaka, abantu, ixesha, umcimbi, ubomi, mini, isandla, umsebenzi, ilizwi, indawo: Kwenye ezi zintlu amawaka izibizo banikwa la magama alandelayo aba kakhulu rhoqo.

Nezibizo ntetho yomntwana

Ukususela ngokombono izazinzulu, kwanomntu likumgangatho ophantsi, esazi ihlabathi elisingqongileyo, ukuhlola indalo ngezimanga zayo, ubanike igama labo. La magama ekuhambeni kwexesha elibekiweyo ngolwimi zezizwe, ukudala awaziyo. Ngokufanayo, izibizo kuvela intetho bomntwana. Ngokoqobo lo amazwi okuqala lithethwe kubo: umama, utata, mfazi, Kitty, njl Kid ezifana abantu bamandulo, kakhulu, ngomdla ejonga kwaye ufuna ukwazi igama kwalo mthetho okanye loo nto, waza emva koko concepts phambili ngakumbi.

Ngoko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwenzeka abantwana amakhonkco associative, isigama sabo ahlanganiswe izibizo ezitsha. Umzekelo, umntwana uyakwazi ibutyani, kwaye kangoko xa ebona ukuba uye umbala othile, ukhula, yaye igama "green." Isibizo "udonga" kuxhomekeka umbandela uba "inyama" - ezenziwe ngezitena, ilitye, umthi. Kwaye la mazwi, kakhulu, ngokuthe ngcembe zibandakanyiwe Lexicon wosana.

isiphelo

Noun, elibhekisela into okanye nesenzeko, ithi ngokwengqiqo ebanzi. Ngoko ke, kusenokuba amagama izinto kunye nezinto (idesika, nencwadi, textbook, ngubo), izixhobo (ipeyinti, umgubo, kwealkali), izidalwa eziphilayo eziphilayo (umntu, ikati, starling, inegciwane), iziganeko, izenzakalo, izibakala (opera, storm, uvuyo), amagama indawo, amagama neefani zabantu, kwakunye neempawu, iimpawu, izenzo, uthi (inceba, ubukrelekrele, ukuhamba, ukozela). Yonke le mizekelo ngokumangalisayo usetyenziso lwezibizo.

Ngoncedo lwabo kulula ukuhamba ezitratweni umzi, imiqondiso ukufunda, kuba amagama amaziko kunye nemibutho ukhombise yinxalenye intetho. Ngokufanayo, kulula ukucinga ukuba yintoni eza kuxutyushwa encwadini okanye inqaku (isihloko, njengoko umthetho, kukho sisibizo). Oku kungenziwa ngokuba omdala, zixhaphakileyo, eyona elizimeleyo, le nxalenye ezibalulekileyo phambili kule ntetho.

Akunakwenzeka ukuba avumelane L. kwingcinga, ichazwa indima njengesibizo kule ntetho, ngokuthi isonka ulwimi. Kubaluleke kangakanani le mveliso ebomini bomntu ibaluleke kangaka, yaye olu didi ekusebenzeni ulwimi.