Indima yesenzi umbuzo. Inxalenye yokuthetha ulwimi Russian - intsingiselo isenzi kunye nokusetyenziswa

Indima yesenzi umbuzo obalulekileyo kakhulu, intetho yethu lee ngaphandle kwayo. Izibizo banike izifundo, iimbono kunye neziganeko lamagama, izichazi uchaze iimpawu zazo. Kunye nezenzi ezifana ephilisa amanzi okuba liwuphefumlele amazwi kunye nabo bamjikelezileyo, niwubophe ube epheleleyo, isindululo ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo incoko, ugalele intshukumo kunye nomsebenzi. Babanike iingcamango neemvakalelo, bonisa iinkqubo ezikhoyo hayi ngendlela engumkhenkce, kodwa uphuhliso lwabo, ukunceda ukuba baqonde uhlobo lobudlelane phakathi izinto kokuba.

Imbali elithi 'isenzi'

Okhokho elithi 'isenzi' baba Slavonic elithi "isenzi" ubudala - intetho, ilizwi; "Sento" - beziphethe lobuya intetho, kodaba; "Glagolivy" - besedlivy lincoko. alphabet Glagolitic yayibizwa nokuxubana yamandulo. Nkqu amaxesha Pushkin elithi 'isenzi' ukuba ngokoqobo eliguqulelwa ngokuthi 'intetho "," igama elithi ", njengoko oko kungqinwa umnxeba imbongi odumileyo kaThixo" atshise iintliziyo yesenzi. " Ngokuthe ngcembe, ixabiso omdala uphuma ukusetyenziswa, kwaye ngoku igama elithi "isenzi" lithetha inxalenye yokuthetha.

Yiyiphi indima isenzi kwindlela esithetha ngayo

Izenzi ngamagama abonisa imeko into okanye inyathelo, kwaye uphendula umbuzo othi "yintoni ntoni?" "Yintoni ntoni?" (Ukuba adle, ukuya). Ngoncedo yezenzi isithethi uyakwazi ukuchaza nje kuphela inkqubo okanye imeko, kodwa iimpawu (amagqabi yellowing), isimo sengqondo (ezifana abazali babo), isixa-mali (ingeniso kathathu), ubude (ukushiya ngomso).

Yeyona bazizityebi iintsingiselo kunye yinxalenye yokuthetha ulwimi Russian. izimaphambili nesenzi kunye nezimamva yenza yonke intsapho amagama abakwaziyo ukubonakalisa Babaqhathanisele le bokuqonda kwisemantiki nangokweemvakalelo ezikhona, oko kubonwa la mazwi ukubaleka: ukubaleka - baleka - ukubaleka - obbezhat - basinda - wabaleka - kuza ukubaleka - wabaleka - wabaleka up.

intsingiselo yentetho

indima ngokwegrama yesenzi uchaphazelekayo ukubonakalisa indlela enefuthe ngayo nesenzeko, izinto, eziphilayo, oko kusenokubonisa ukuba:

• chaza yenjongosenzi (ubuxoki, kuba amava);

• Isenzo emzimbeni (run, isingqi, isando);

• iinkqubo ngenjongo (omncinane, ukukhula, zityebile);

• intshukumo (ukuhamba, kudada, kubhabha);

• ubudlelwane (intlonelo, intiyo, umona);

• iimvakalelo (ukuba bancome, ndithule, sad);

• imo yendalo (esibandayo, emnyama).

Ifom ngokwegrama isenzi:

1. Le nethi (stop uphefumlayo).

2. ifomu Personal (I danisa - udanisela - siya danisa - ukuba danisa).

3. Le fom generic (yawa - yawa - iye iwile - bawa).

4. I-umthendeleko (livele eluthandweni).

5. gerund (kuqikelelwa lokuqalisa).

6. Iinkqubo ifomu ingabonisa nje ezifumaneka ngaphandle into esebenzayo (zidangazela, bepheka, isifingo).

iimpawu Morphological kwezenzi kwintetho

Izenzi ehlala kunye non-rhoqo neempawu morphological ezimbalwa.

Ukubandakanya njalo.

1. uhlobo isenzi - ichaza kakuhle eli amanyathelo ihamba ngokuphathelele ukuphelela kwalo okanye incompleteness:

• izenzi, ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo, "yintoni ukwenza ', abizwa ngokuba ziintsiza imperfective zichaza zisekwinkqubo (abhale ileta, yena epheka isidlo);
• izenzi, ukuba uphendule lo mbuzo, "yintoni ntoni?", ngokuba ziintsiza perfective, bachaza iinkqubo sele ugqibile (wabhala ileta, yena epheka isidlo).

2. ukusuka 'isenzi kugqiba enoba ifuthe kwi into ihambisa okanye hayi;

• izenzi Isixando ukuchaza izenzo ezisebenza into (unina ufunza intombi yakhe, ndifunde incwadi);
• izenzi umenziwa ibhekisela iinkqubo ezingavunyelwanga idluliselwe kwenye into (Tyhila amagqabi maple ebomvu, intaka andizele).

3. uqhubeko ubonisa inkqubo yoqhelaniso ngokwayo okanye kwenye into;

• izenzi zochazo achaza isenzo ngqo, babuyela ngokwabo, ukuba yakhiwe kusetyenziswa isimamva "-s" yaye "xia" (uhlamba Lena, I greyus);
• izenzi atshonile thaca inkqubo ejolise kwisifundo eyahlukileyo (Lena uhlamba intloko yakhe, I Grey namasundu).

4. Conjugation yezenzi ngokubhaliweyo ilawula inani nobubele:

• Izenzi conjugation yokuqala unayo nayiphi na ukuvalwa ngaphandle "-it" (kulima ufuna flash).
• izenzi conjugation yesibini babe "-it" ophela (ukuba ixabiso, twist, enika).

Kuba iimpawu non-abasisigxina ziquka oku kulandelayo.

1. Isini:

• abantu (idlalwa, ukudlala);
• Women (emi, umile);
• EsiPhakathi (out ziphekiwe).

2. Umntu othi:

• wokuqala (mna ndithetha ngako, uthetha ngayo);
• lowo yesibini (siyazi, uyazi);
• lowo lesithathu (kwanceda, ibinceda bancedisana).

3. Ixesha:

• langoku (efuna iminxeba);
• elidlulileyo (Ndikhangela, thatha, kufuneka);
• Elizayo (Ndifumana, thatha, zifuna).

4. Inombolo:

• unique (bit, ulunywe);
• isininzi (olunywe yinyoka elunyiwe).

5. Ukuthambekela:

• sifo (I na ixesha, ukuba out);
• kunyanzelekile (uspey efunekayo, yiya);
• olunemiqathango (anokuba nabo, babesenza).

intsingiselo syntactic

Isenzi libambe indawo ebalulekileyo syntax Russian. Okokuqala, kuyinto njengesivisa, nto leyo ngokusebenzisana umxholo uchaza iintlobo ngeentlobo izenzo kunye namazwe zezinto. Kodwa indima syntactic yesenzi uchaphazelekayo ebanzi kakhulu, kungaba:

• isivisa (I (ama) baphaka birdhouse?);

• womyeni (ndiyayithanda kakhulu birdhouses iNkosi kakhulu (ukuba)?);

• iimeko (ndaya umhlobo (kutheni) birdhouses Master?):

• definition kunqaba (ndiyamthanda nto uyithandayo omnye - (a) birdhouses Master?);

• ngokuxhomekeke: (? (Ukuba) birdhouses Nkosi - oyithandayo sam).

stylistics

Isenzi waqukumbela amathuba emikhulu zobugcisa. Ukusetyenziswa izenzi intetho ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko, ukuba unako ukwenza kufumaniseka ngokucacileyo okanye ezichazayo, abandayo okanye ashushu, kade okanye ngokukhawuleza. Banceda ukunxibelelana neenkqubo ngokucacileyo kwaye zinhle nokucacisa nezintsonkothileyo, urhulumente wabantu, iimvakalelo zabo kunye neemfuno.

1. style Business. amaphepha Official luphawulwa strong style, eyomileyo silandeleke. Yiza Izifanekiso yokuqala, uhlobo lesibizo esichazayo zentetho. Izenzi zidla indawo izibizo ngumsina ngomlomo. Amaphepha zoshishino eziliqela izenzi ezimbalwa, malunga iziqwenga 60 nganye amagama 1000, kwimisebenzi zenzululwazi, eli nani amazwi 90, kodwa ngeendlela journalistic bezobugcisa - izenzi 150 nangaphezulu.

2. style Scientific okroqiweyo liyinto, iinkcazelo ngqo, luphawulwa ukuzeyisa kunye guquki. Injongo yomsebenzi lwezenzululwazi - ukuchaza ibonisa iipatheni ezahlukeneyo ngezenzeko, ngoko ke ukhetho yezenzi bavumile elawulwa ngabahlali yezenzululwazi wakhetha amagama kunye abstract, semantics abstract: kuba, kuba, ibe.

3. style Journalistic yi ezimbini; liquka kunye tabloids neempapasho ezinzulu zohlalutyo kunye namanqaku kwiijenali weendawo. Ubuntatheli isiganeko esikhethekileyo, indlela ukulandisa ntetho. kombala zesimbo kunye nenani izenzi ixhomekeka kuhlobo sakhutshwa ngawo. Ngoko ke, umbhalo ezizodwa kakhulu flecked esimbaxa isibizo-ingqiqo inani yezenzi kungakuncinane. Kwaye kwinqaku malunga nobomi kwenkwenkwezi TV, izenzi kuza kucaca.

4. style lincoko na inani nanto ngamaqondo eyantlukwano kunye halftones, umxholo wakhe ngokweemvakalelo yesemantiki ixhomekeke meko, esithi ngento yonke. Izenzi ekudla ngokuba kunceda kunambathisa iimvakalelo, iminqweno kunye karhulumente ngamagama, ukuba bawuzise enye.

5. Indlela yokubhala yokuluka utyhila kakhulu ngokupheleleyo indima yesenzi umbuzo kunye namandla awo. Xa izandla iinkosi yesenzi igama uguqulwe isixhobo imilingo enokuthi ngokoqobo kwaye ngokomeleleyo ukuchaza izinto unzima. Xa zenzi fiction amaninzi zifumaneka ngokomfanekiso, ukongeza, wazenza zonke ababhali ezinkulu usebenzise izenzi abazizityebi kuyahambisana, ekhangele ngenyameko ilizwi ngcono, ngokugqibeleleyo uchaza imeko okanye isimilo.

Le ubumbaxa yesenzi

Intsingiselo kunye nokusetyenziswa izenzi intetho ezinye kwenza uzibuze nkqu izithethi lokuzalwa Russian, ukuba asingethi, kudane malunga bolunye uhlanga, ngamanye amaxesha asikwazi ukwenza intsingiselo esixhasayo ebonakala ezicacileyo. Yonke le umba kwi ubumbaxa izenzi ezo. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "ukwaphula" iintsingiselo dictionary ezintlanu, igama elithi "eme" - anesithoba, kwaye lizwi ' "- elinambini. Ulwimi eguqukayo, baba amagama ngempumelelo kunye neentsingiselo. Ukususela intsingiselo yokuqala yeli gama kukho ezizisekondari ngokuqinileyo kungena kuyo, iyenza bala nezengqikelelo.

Umzekelo, uyakwazi usike amasebe, kodwa unako - indoda; kweyela kuqokobhe okanye emehlweni abanye; ukuqhwaba okanye ucango; ukuqokelela ubungqina okanye kuvunwe; nidlobe okanye oobhontsi; uphethe i-apile, iimviwo okanye igama; sukani uloliwe okanye engqondweni; aye ezulwini okanye imali; abe nosana okanye iingcinga; ngamanye amaxesha likwaqhuba inja, yaye ngamanye amaxesha - ubisi okanye ixesha.

synonymy

izifanokuthi nesenzi anexabiso efanayo, kodwa imibala eyahlukileyo ngokweemvakalelo okuloba. Ngokomzekelo, igama elithi "kuwa" isimbo cala, igama elithi "shmyaknut" okanye "isiphatho" libhekisela nebuncoko (iilwimi) "kwabanjalo ekubhukuqekeni" okanye "ukungaphumeleli" - kwisimbo ephakamileyo, yokuluka.

bonisa ntonye, yeyiphi indima edlalwe isenzi kwintetho yethu. Ukukhethwa iinketho ixhomekeke ngokufaneleka meko kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ilizwi engalunganga uthethe hayi sigqwethe kuphela ingcamango kwaye kunzima ukuyiqonda, kodwa ubeka umntu okwisikhundla etyeni. slang Street phela yephepha yenzululwazi, eziphakamileyo ezenza amazwi kwincoko yemihla ngemihla nzima amazwi, zenzululwazi akufuneki kwiincwadi zamabali ekukhanyeni.