Indian Ocean sezulu. olunika umdla kunye neempawu ze-Indian Ocean

Mncinane kunye ulwandle zikhuthazayo iplanethi - kuba Indian. Uninzi amanzi alo siyakhuthazeka kwi ikhweyitha emazantsi, yaye North, yena ngokoqobo ahlangabezana nazo kwilizwekazi. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantu bakufumanisa olwandle omkhulu, nto leyo ithi yahlulwe iindawo ezininzi. Indian Ocean imozulu afanelekile kakhulu kwiholide lolwandle. Kulo mzimba enkulu yamanzi inani ingxelo iziqithi kudala ekhethwe ngabakhenkethi ezivela ehlabathini lonke. Iimpawu ze-Indian Ocean imozulu kwenza ukuba kube kakhulu odlamkileyo unique ngokwemiqathango enezityalo nezilwanyana. Ngoko ke asiyi baphazanyiswa epithets, kwaye jonga ezineenkcukacha kuzo zonke iinkalo kulo mzimba emangalisayo amanzi.

iitotali

Ukuze zokusingatha iimeko kunye novimba parameters ukusinceda nokwakheka. Indian Ocean - yesithathu enkulu ehlabathini emva kokuba Pacific Atlantic. Kuthatha malunga nama-20 ekhulwini amanzi komhlaba. indawo yayo million 76,17 ezikwere zeekhilomitha, kwaye umthamo ifikelela 282,65 kwiikhilomitha cubic. Ingongoma Owona olwandle na kwi Sunda Trench, nobunzulu yayo kweemitha 7729. Ukusuka zonke iimbombo wolwandle yehlabathi sisingisele kumazwekazi: eNtshona kulo ulophu Afrika, i-North - Asia, empuma ngayo imingcele Australia, kwaye South ufikelela kumanxweme obandayo Antarctica (nangona ezinye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba wafudukela Southern Ocean). Eli lungiselelo le Indian Ocean inoxanduva imozulu kunye nemisinga, uninzi lwazo ishushu.

indaba

Ukuya Age of Discovery Indian Ocean yanikezelwa abantu elwandle omkhulu, nto leyo uhlamba kunxweme ihlabathi. On Ugu azalelwa kwimpucuko yehlabathi yokuqala, ngolokuqala isixeko-States. Ukongeza, iinqanawa kuqala izikhephe kwimbali yoluntu uvikivwa emanzini i "yolwandle". Ukususela ngoko kule mini Indian Ocean imozulu ayikho iyatshintsha. Ekubeni sele iinkulungwane efudumeleyo kakhulu yaye ezolile, ngenkulungwane ye-15 waqala amanzi alo,-ebizwa ngoko Ixesha eendawo kwesayensi. Eyokuqala yaba nobukhulu wolwandle, ukuba bahlole i Vasco da Gama, Dzheyms Kuk bamlandela kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukufunda emazantsi kulo mzimba kakhulu amanzi, izityalo kunye nezilwanyana yayo kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-19. Kuba okokuqala abaphandi bafumanise ukuba efudumeleyo amanzi zeendawo eziqhelekileyo, ingezizo kuphela ngenxa yokuba ulwandle kakhulu kule ndawo. bottom ispolosovannaya iziphene uqweqwe yayo edubulayo lwentaba. Ngoko ke, umoya efudumeleyo ngaphezu komhlaba kunye nobushushu ukusuka kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, kumo kakhulu amanzi, ebenza entle kubathandi ubomi beach elwandle.

Gulfs, ezilwandle, iziqithi

yinxalenye ebalulekileyo voluminous kakhulu Indian Ocean - kuba ulwandle zayo ezininzi. Ngokubanzi, asezikhundleni ukuya ku-15 ekhulwini kwindawo yayo amanzi kwaye ibekwe kude nonxweme amazwekazi ezikufutshane kodwa phakathi iziqithi ezininzi. Ngoku siza udwelise zonke iilwandle kunye zokupaka ngku. Masiqalise kunye oluBomvu - i yomntla kwaye enetyuwa. Oku kulandela i-Sea Inkolo okanye nePersian Gulf, Laccadive Sea, Bay of Bengal, Andaman, uLwandle Timor, uLwandle Arafura kunye nePersian of Carpentaria, Great Australian Bight, ulwandle Mawson, Davis, Commonwealth kunye oosomajukujuku. Enjalo isixa amanzi osecaleni ngenxa nje ugu weentaba amazwekazi, kodwa iziqithi. Eyona inkulu kubo eMadagascar. Oku kulandelwa Zanzibar, Sri Lanka, kwiiPhilippines, Andaman Nqabakazi ka Socotra, Comoros, uKumkani, Seychelles, Maldives kunye nabanye abaninzi.

phawu neznye

Iimpawu ze-Indian Ocean terrain zalo zahlukeneyo, leyo phantsi kwamanzi. On amanzi alo akhawunti ngenxa ubunzima iziphene ziitectonic plates, abaninzi iindawo iikhompawundi ze amacwecwe lithospheric. Ngenxa yoko, kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yolwandle oko yanowo eyahlukileyo echaphazela imozulu, kunye nombala emanzini, kunye nezityalo nezilwanyana. Kukho amacandelo amathathu wolwandle, yahlukile enye kwenye isakhiwo:

• yingxenye Afrika. Kukho kwithala ngokukhawuleza kunye kwithambeka lizwekazi. Ngale Undoqo becala tyaba, kukho kuphela iinduli ezincinane. Ukusuka elunxwemeni kukho iintaba kwamanzi yamandulo, uninzi lwazo ubonakale kumphezulu ngokohlobo mlilo extinct kunye yimimango kwelekorale. Eyona idumileyo - Seychelles.
• inxalenye Indo-Australia. Kwesi sigaba, aphezulu imxinwa kakhulu kwaye ibekwe kufuphi nonxweme ka-Asia kwaye eweni. Le ndawo yolwandle kakhulu kakhulu, kwaye le nto ndiyibhalayo Amanzi amaninzi, ukuphakama kunye misinga zinikwe ngohlobo cone. Abanye babo ubonakale kumphezulu, ekusekeni Island njengezwekazi (Christmas Island).
• yingxenye Antarctic. Eselunxwemeni belizwekazi eqhaqhazelisa yolwandle hlabathi anamandla aqingqiweyo apho ukuhamba imilambo phantsi komhlaba wamanzi Antarctica. Kufutshane kunxweme kwelizwekazi sisihogo esinzulu, nto leyo iba ithafa elikhulu

endaweni imozulu kwechibi

Ukuze uqonde eyona ngokuchanileyo lo mba, kufuneka sibe imaphu ye-Indian Ocean. Ngokusekelwe wedata, sibona ukuba inkoliso indawo yamanzi na ikhweyitha esemazantsi. E North, kolwandle lesithathu ngobukhulu iwela kuphela emvula kunye nebhanti sub-zemvula. Emva koko agqithe kumgca-ikhweyitha - izowuni lishushu planethi. Xa ikhweyitha kolwandle esemazantsi yohlulwe imimandla sub-sentshinyela, zetropiki, sabutropikhi, eyingcathu kunye sub-Antarctic kunye Antarctic. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ukuqala indawo zendalo ngcathu, indawo ulwandle ubukhulu becala lifinyele. La manzi ngokuqhelekileyo obizwa ngokuba amakhonkco egubungela Antarctica. Yonke idume imisinga ebandayo, kwaye iqabaka.

ndawo Northern

Siza kuqalisa ukuqwalasela imozulu Indian Ocean kule ndawo yendalo, nto leyo nayo abaninzi abakhenkethi. Sikhoyo kufuphi nonxweme nePersian Gulf ukuya entshona kunye noLwandle Andaman esempuma, ngokunjalo zonke iindawo ezingqonge. Le ndawo indawo ezaziwa zemvula. Ngexesha lasebusika, ukuba nodibaniso olunesantya eliphakathi, ngoko phezu mmandla phantse lonke obuzolileyo neyomileyo. Xa ihlobo nokunyuka kwamandla abo, ukuze ngokufuthi akukho iishawa kuphela, kodwa inkanyamba. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iimpawu ze-Indian Ocean imozulu kule ndawo bubuxoki into yokuba inxalenye lasentshona woma futhi ityuwa kakhulu ngasempumalanga. Apha vuka lobushushu irekhodi eliphezulu (degrees 32-34 Celsius), yaye apho amathontsi kuphela 500 mm zemvula. Xa ngasempumalanga mmandla, phezu koko, edla kwimeko imvula, nkqu ebusika, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba imizimba emininzi etyuwa amanzi kunciphisa.

mvula zone

Ikhweyitha - ngama engundoqo, leyo luNxweme Indian Ocean. Izithombe kuvame kwincwadana abakhenkethi ezahlukeneyo zenziwa kulo mmandla, yaye ngoku siyabona ukuba kutheni. Okokuqala, kulo mmandla uhlaza kakhulu, nto leyo wasekwa ngenxa isixa esikhulu semvula - ukuya ku-4000 mm. Okwesibini, kufutshane ikhweyitha ke lwamawa eziphambili yolwandle ukuba zenze isiqabu yayo. Kukho akaphumelelanga ezininzi engqongwe Amachweba aluhlaza, - "kwiparadesi yimvula" imifuziselo. Ngokubanzi, i-Indian Ocean, imozulu kummandla sentshinyela amaxesha amaninzi manzi kakhulu ngakumbi kule ndawo, kodwa uzinzile ngakumbi. Akukho tshintsho ngamaxesha elibukhali obushushu nokufuma, kodwa zemvula kusengenzeka rhoqo.

ndawo Southern

Ukuqwalasela i awohluke ye-Indian Ocean, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukuyilibala loo mmandla zemozulu. Kucingwa kakhulu ekhululekile yaye kwangaxeshanye, ngokubanzi. Apha kulawula imimoya trade, leyo ziyanyuswa ebusika, maxa wambi ekudaleni uqhwithela, yaye unokukhawuleza ehlotyeni. Winter kule ngingqi ihlala ukususela ngoMeyi ukuya kuSeptemba kwaye ngeli xesha kolwandle esiya ezininzi amafu. Apha owayo isixa esikhulu semvula - ukuya ku-1500 mm, ngokufuthi inkungu. Ehlotyeni (Disemba-Matshi), kukho yome kakhulu. Ukufuma uvikivwa ku-300 mm, umoya kudambe, yasusa amafu kunye fogs. ebusika ubushushu emoyeni malunga 20 degrees Celsius, ngoxa ehlotyeni liphuma ku-25.

ibhanti Moderate southern

Ukuze ufunde olubanzi kommandla zemozulu, senza kwakhona imaphu ye-Indian Ocean. Kubalulekile ukuba ubuzinyaswe kwemida iindawo zamanzi. Ngokutsho eli cebo ungabona ukuba kwindawo enemozulu Indian Ocean yinxalenye enemisesane iqhele ngeenxa Antarctica. Apha idibanisa kunye Pacific Ocean ukuya ngasempuma Atlantic entshonalanga. Ummandla usukela utshintsho ezibukhali lobushushu ngamaxesha athile onyaka. Ngenxa yoko, ebusika kusithwa degrees 10 okanye 15 ngaphantsi zero, kwaye ihlobo liphuma ku 10-15 degrees Celsius. Le ndawo idume uxinzelelo esezantsi womoya, ngokuba kukho kusoloko koyisa fogs kunye namafu. Winter imimoya ntshonalanga kuzisa iinkanyamba eemvula, ebangela izaqhwithi. Ehlotyeni kukho enelanga kwaye ezolile.

ibhanti subantarctic

Ngaphezu Sathi sakuchaza ukuba Indian Ocean - yiyo ndawo ishushu ommandla wamanzi ehlabathini kwelanga obungunaphakade kunye zasehlotyeni. Apha, nangaliphi na ixesha lonyaka unako amaza efudumeleyo, isanti eshushu kwaye ilanga yonke imihla. Ngoku siza kuqwalasela indlela umkhuhlane ube Indian Ocean. Photo wayo emanzini, nto leyo balele kufuphi Antarctica, seascape eqhelekileyo aqumbe. Apha kunyaka-ngeenxa ezidadayo kwazo, amanzi abandayo unikwa ukuba selubala ukusuka esimsulwa blue, umoya izaliswe ozone. Ebusika, kwi-Indian Ocean sub-polar zone ngumkhenkce inqanaba etyuwa amanzi liphuma kwi-34%. Summer ukunyibilika ezihambayo, apho uyondelelwano lwee- ityuwa uyehla uye kuma-32% emanzini. ebusika ubushushu emoyeni 30 degrees ngezantsi zero, ngoxa ehlotyeni liphuma kuphela 2-3 degrees Celsius.

ezindaweni ezibandayo

icandelo emxinwa kakhulu, isimanga engaqhelekanga le Indian Ocean - isiqwenga unxweme kufuphi Antarctica. ububanzi balo kuyahluka-50 ukuya kwi-100 km, kwaye yonke indawo umkhenkce obungunaphakade, ekungabekwanga anyibilike. Ezi mpawu bendawo i-Indian Ocean, okokuqala, phambi kwazo ezininzi. Bangcungcutheke, azifunele ezinezinga ezifudumeleyo. Unxweme hlobo ngenxa yokuba ulwandle matheku abangekhoyo apha. Phambi banks ice obungunaphakade kwi emazantsi Indian Ocean ngumhadi omkhulu, nto leyo izele amanzi inkunkuma kunye umkhenkce lizwekazi ukunyibilika ehlotyeni. Ngaphezu lobushushu zero ngoko lingaphumi ngonaphakade. Umbilo phantse engekho, ekubeni umoya ubuninzi alahlwayo, kwaye xi azezi mda.

UPawulos

Kuphela ukuba ngokufutshane Ndicinga umxholo yeJografi Kakade, Grade 7. Indian Ocean, kwelinye icala, kulula kakhulu ukuba ufunde. Yinto encinane nommandla wayo, uninzi liwa phezu ezinezinga angasisichenge kuyo emfazweni, ngenxa yokuba amanzi kakhulu ashushu. Intsonkothe ngaphezulu na yokwakheka wayo. Izazinzulu uqaphele ukuba le olwandle of zonke izidalwa umhlaba lo mncinane, ngoko iinkqubo mlilo ukuba kwenzeka phantsi umaleko amanzi alo, okwangoku ziyakupheliswa. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo kukho iziqithi ezininzi kangangokuba bengene ezintabeni, yimimango kwelekorale. Abaninzi bona babe yindawo enkulu ukuba bakhululeke, kodwa eneneni kwindawo nganye enjalo seismically ingazinzi kwaye kuyingozi.