Abantu bokuqala emajukujukwini. Thoba umntu wokuqala emajukujukwini

Ngoobani abo - abantu kuqala emajukujukwini? Kwisiqingatha sesibini zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kukuba ephawulekayo ngeziganeko ezininzi. Omnye zibalaseleyo yaba kwafunyanwa indawo yabantu. ESoviet Union idlale indima ephambili kule emnqakathi wokusemgangathweni, esenzeka uluntu, ukuqala ukuhlola isithuba ongaphandle. Nangona umbango olomeleleyo phakathi amagunya ezinkulu ehlabathini, eSoviet Union kunye eUnited States, amadoda zokuqala isithuba weza evela eSoviet Union, nto leyo eyabangela matyendyana ngumsindo ongumlwelwe kwilizwe imbangi.

1961

Yeshumi Epreli 1961 - umhla eyaziwa wonke umfundi. Ngale mini swi lohambo isithuba ukuba ukusetyenziswa kuqala. Loko bonke abantu Earth baye bafunda usomajukujuku ukuba iplanethi yethu ngeenxa zonke. Kwaba lelo xesha ke, ngoAprili 12, waya umntu wokuqala emajukujukwini. th 1961 ngonaphakade wangena imbali earthlings.

Umntu wokuqala esithubeni - ukusuka eSoviet Union!

Kuloo minyaka ukuba ukhuphiswano onzima phakathi USSR kunye USA. Kwaye apho, yaye apho ngenkuthalo bafuna ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. I-United States kwakhona ukulungele ukwenza i vaakelani va. Kodwa kwenzeka labhabha lo cosmonaut yokuqala ukusuka eSoviet Union. Kwabonakala ukuba kaYuri Gagarin. Amalinge sele wenziwe, kwaye inja Yaphaphazela yeza isithuba, odumileyo Belka kunye Strelka, kodwa akukho mntu.
Lonke ihlabathi ihlombe cosmonaut yokuqala, nangona zonke US izama ukunciphisa ixabiso indiza layo.

Njengokuba kwakunjalo

Iziphekepheke "Vostok-1" yaphehlelelwa ngamaxesha 9, imizuzu 7 ukusuka kwi Baikonur Cosmodrome, bethwele kaYuri Gagarin. indiza yakhe yathatha ixesha elide, imizuzu nje 108. Asikwazi zithi Ubuthelezi ngokupheleleyo. Ngexesha esemoyeni, kukho imeko kaxakeka an: kukho ukusilela yonxibelelwano; avuze kakutsha, ngenxa yawuphi na imodyuli inkonzo kobonelelo akukho kwavusa; Oko jamming isuti.

Kodwa themba usomajukujuku kunye nobuchwepheshe nje uphela ukudanisa. Wamisa, catapulted eMhlabeni. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba kukho ukusilela kwinkqubo elekhtrons kumatshini akezi phantsi kuloo mmandla ecwangcisiweyo (110 yeekhilomitha ukusuka Stalingrad), kunye e Saratov, kufutshane nedolophu Engels.

Kungenxa yoko le United States ithuba elide ixesha wazama ukunyanzela ehlabathini uluvo lwabo ukuba intsabo ayikwazanga ngokuba epheleleyo. Noko ke, iinzame ziwe phantsi. Gagarin wadibana kumazwe amaninzi njengeqhawe. Yena wawongwa nentaphane amabhaso ezahlukeneyo ehlabathini jikelele.

KaYuri Gagarin: ibhayografi emfutshane

Wazalwa le yethoba ngoMatshi 1934 kwilali kwisithili Klushino Gzhatsk (okwangoku kwisithili Gagarin of kummandla ESmolensk) kusapho yamahlwempu. Apho afumana iminyaka isiqingatha kuhlaliwa ngayo amajoni amaNazi, xa yonke le ntsapho iye kukhutshwa endlwini kwaza kwanyanzeleka ukuba ahlale kule amaphenyane. Ngeli xesha, lo Inkwenkwe kufundwe, yaye kuphela emva kokuba inkululeko sisikolo oluBomvu Army waqalwa.
Gagarin waphumelela kwisikolo yezandla babhalise kwi Saratov Industrial Technical School. Ngowe-1954, weza kuqala Saratov Flying Club, yaye ngowe-1955, emva kokuphumelela, wenza moya yayo yokuqala. Kubekho 196 kamva.

Ke izidanga ukusuka Military Aviation School waza waba pilot mbono. Kwaye ngo-1959, wabhala ingxelo isithi kudidi iqela labaviwa cosmonauts.

Alexey Gagarin wafa ekuseni kakhulu, eneminyaka engama-34. Kodwa ubomi elifutshane, washiya imemori enkulu kwiintliziyo zabantu abaninzi kumkhumbula umntu okokuqala ngo kwindawo ohlala.

Eyokuqala umfazi isithuba - ukusuka eSoviet Union!

Emva kokuba moya Yuriya Gagarina, oku waqala ukuphuhlisa ngesantya nokuba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Man and Space umdla kwenye unamandla ahlaziyiweyo. Izazinzulu ngoku zikhanyiswe, kangangokuba loo mfazi watyelela apho. Iqinile nobukrelekrele wanceda amanenekazi Valentina Tereshkova. Juni 16, 1963, ukuqala ku kwisiphekepheke "Vostok-6", watyelela ibhinqa lokuqala isithuba ezanyulwa ukususela ihlabathi liphela.

Valentina Tereshkova: ibhayografi emfutshane

Wazalwa 6 ngoMatshi 1937 kwisithili Tutaev kummandla Yaroslavl kwi intsapho eqhelekileyo. Uyise wakhe umqhubi wetrektara waza wabulawa ngaphambili, kunye nomama wam wayesebenza kumzi-mveliso textile. Ngowe-1953 waphumelela iiklasi ezisixhenxe uValya bahlala phezu brasletchitsey Yaroslavl sisityalo. Ngaxeshanye, uye wafumana imfundo yakhe esikolweni ebusuku.
Ngowe-1959, i Tereshkova mfana waba inxaxheba parachute, waza wenza ikhulu yesi.

Space-it edityaniswe isiphelo ngo-1962, xa kwagqitywa ukuthumela umfazi emajukujukwini. Kwezi contenders ezininzi ezikhethiweyo abaviwa ezintlanu. Wakuba ubhalisile cosmonaut Valentina waqala uqeqesho oluphuculweyo nemfundo. Yaye kamva ngonyaka, oko wakhethwa ukuba ukubhabha.

I cosmonaut yokuqala indawo evulekileyo

Aleksey Leonov i ngaphandle yokuqala isiphekepheke kwisithuba evulekileyo komhlaba. Yaba March 18, 1965. Ngelo xesha, akukho inkqubo zikuyo oosomajukujuku ukuba yenziwe. Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba enkantolo okanye ukusuka nqanawa enye ukuya kwenye. Umntu ithemba nje kuba yena nakubuchule esabhabha naye. Alexei Arkhipovich wagqiba phezu kwayo, nto leyo ethethe iphupha edume Tsiolkovskii leyo wacebisa usebenzisa EVAs sluice egumbini.

Kwakhona, i-eSoviet Union ibethe eUnited States. Nabo, kakhulu, angathanda ukuba ukuqalisa. Ke imveliso ye umntu wokuqala emajukujukwini lwaqhutywa waye eyindoda eSoviet.

Njengokuba kwakunjalo

Okokuqala, kwisithuba evulekileyo uthumela isilwanyana, kodwa kamva bamshiya ingcamango. Ngapha koko, lo mngeni engundoqo ukuze wazi njani ukuba aziphathe isithuba, indoda leyo ukuba kusonjululwe. Ukongeza, isilwanyana lingenako ukuxelela ngoko ngamava abo.

nokucingela ezahlukeneyo ezibe imilebe uluntu malunga exit abantu ohlala kwi indawo evulekileyo. Kwaye, nangona amadoda yokuqala emajukujukwini sele batyelela, inyaniso ngqo indlela abantu abaziphatha ngaphandle isithuthi, akazange abe mnye.

Ukubunjwa abasebenzi lwakhethwa ngenyameko kakhulu. Ukongeza of data ezigqwesileyo emzimbeni kwakufuneka kuyondelelwano kunye nemvisiswano weqela lonke. Cosmonauts Belyaev kunye Leonov waba ezimbini ezihlobeneyo komnye iimpawu zazo womntu.
Cosmonaut wahlala emva kwemizuzu elishumi, apho wafika izihlandlo ezihlanu off emkhombeni, wabuya umva. kwavela ingxaki xa kuyimfuneko ukuba babuyele-moya. Yesuti in zidle landa kakhulu kangangokuba angabi nako unganciphisa kungena kuleyo. Emva uthotho kwempumelelo Leonov wagqiba echasene nemiyalelo vplyt ngaphakathi yintloko, ungabi imilenze. wakwenza oko.

Aleksey Arhipovich Leonov: ibhayografi emfutshane

Wazalwa May 30, 1934 kwilali eSiberia, kufuphi nesixeko Kemerovo. uyise wasemgodini, kunye nomama wakhe - utitshala.

Alex wakhulela kwintsapho enkulu yaye umntwana lesithoba. Nokuba edesikeni yesikolo, waba nomdla technology eyama nasemva kwesikolo siganga wangena School Pilot. Emva koko ndaphumelela School labaqhubi ukulwa. Yaye ngowe-1960, kuye ukumelana inkqubo yokhetho engqongqo, waye wabhalisa cosmonaut.

Leonov wenza ebaleka ngo-1965. Ukususela ngowe-1967 ukuya ku-1970 abekuhambisa iqela lokuqala oosomajukujuku kwenyanga. Ngowe-1973 waba ekhethiweyo ukubhabha kunye oosomajukujuku le USA, okokuqala kwimbali wenza docking of baxhomekeka.

Alexei Leonov yi ilungu ngamazwe angaphathi usomajukujuku, academician ye PAA kunye Co-Sihlalo Association of Space Abahloli.

Man and Space

Ethetha umxholo isithuba, ndingasathethi abantu abafana S. P. Korolev and K. Tsiolkovsky. Yaye abakho abantu bokuqala isithuba kwaye zange kube khona. Noko ke, ubukhulu becala ngenxa yokuba imigudu yawo kunye nomsebenzi yomntu kodwa siyigqibile.

Sergey Pavlovich - umdali ngexabiso kunye nendawo nobuchwepheshe eSoviet Union. Kwaba phezu ngokwakhe, lo Isathelayithi yokuqala eyenziwe ngumntu yoMhlaba kunye "Vostok-1" zathunyelwa uYuri Gagarin ebhodini. Xa usomajukujuku wafa kwi ibhatyi yakhe wafumana ifoto Sergei Pavlovich.

Tsiolkovsky - a self-wafundisa Scientist, ingqalelo umseki astronautics theoretical component. Yena - umbhali imisebenzi emininzi yenzululwazi kunye kwamnandi, wakhuthaza ingcamango ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni.