Imithetho-nkqubo yerhafu kunye nophuhliso labo kwisayensi kwezoqoqosho

Ithiyori kwezoqoqosho mihla lenze okuninzi utoliko isandi njani yaye yaqulunqa imigaqo nkqubo yerhafu. Le imeko kungenxa izinto ngemvelo zembali zentlalo nenkcubeko. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu zabo imigaqo esisiseko inkqubo yerhafu esekelwe kwiziphumo kunye nokusungulwa kuqoqosho lwehlabathi ezaziwa Adam Smith.

Ngokufutshane, ukuba ziqulunqwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• umgaqo lobulungisa, leyo ekusasazeni umthetho werhafu kubo bonke abemi ngaphandle kokukhetha kwaye maxa onke amaxesha;
• umgaqo ucikizeko livela kukuba nokugcinwa irhafu, iindleko yesondlo akufuneki idlule ubungakanani iirhafu ngokwabo;
• umgaqo lula kunye nentuthuzelo kubandakanya ekudaleni iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu ukuba umrhafi ukuba ahlawule irhafu;
• ngokuqiniseka siseko ithi werhafu usisigxina njengoko umthetho iphela.

Imithetho-nkqubo yerhafu i kuchatshazelwa utshintsho ukutolika zabo theoretical, uze emva koko kwinqanaba yokusebenza karhulumente. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkulungwane ye-19 kwakukholelwa ukuba iirhafu imigaqo ethile kwi ubungakanani yakhe, kwanexesha nendlela yokuhlawulwa kuthintela imiphumela emibi amagunya karhulumente berhafu, ikhuthaza nokuphelisa amatyala idrayivu yombango zethala elichaziweyo ubonelelo ngemali, leyo echaphazela kakubi ishishini, nendlela ngenxa yoko, xa uluntu luphela. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo yahlawulwa kwi -siseko semthethweni zobalo. Undoqo kwalo mgaqo - ukulungelelanisa iimfuno karhulumente kunye noluntu kummandla kweerhafu ngokwamkela kwemithetho kunye kwemvume yabantu, lowo ikwindawo kakhulu ukufumanisa indlela yokuhlawula irhafu.

Ke nemigaqo nkqubo yerhafu zincediswa ingqiqo umgaqo irhafu okuqhubekayo. Kuye ethathwa kule nkalo ingqiqo yokufana, njengoko imilinganiselo kuphela kuthelekiswa bokuhlalutya ukusetyenziswa zokwenza zemali iindlela ezintathu kwerhafu: bayalingana, bakulindele, ngokuthe ngcembe - kunye kwemvume yabantu. Ngaphandle bephika nengqiqo ukusetyenziswa ezimbini zokuqala, kwezinye iimeko, inzululwazi iye kufika kwisigqibo sokuba admissibility le lakamva, ukukhula inkqubela phambili yokuqiqa ukuze izinga lerhafu liyenyuka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwexabiso ingeniso. Imithetho-nkqubo yerhafu ekuphunyezweni a izenzo yorhafiso phambili zenza okuhambisa kulandelayo: oluphezulu ingeniso, kungona umlinganiselo werhafu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba abemi etyebileyo ukuhlawula irhafu ngaphezu ahlwempuzekileyo.

Ezinomdla umbono wakhe ngokuphathelele ubukho xa kusenziwa le ingqikelelo Existenz ubuncinane njengendlela ukunciphisa kwinjongo ukulingana. Kakuhle eli ngqiqo inkululeko original ubuncinane ezithile ngokwalo imali irhafu kwisifundo yerhafu yengeniso. Ingeniso yalo itsaliwe inxenye ethile into efunekayo ukuthenga ezinye eziyimfuneko ezisisiseko. Inxalenye eseleyo ke lonke elimiweyo. Imithetho-nkqubo yerhafu ngelixa abanye balahlekelwe ulingano yayo, njengokuba ubiza njengenyathelo ezinjalo nengqiqo, inkampani ubona sisiseko isicelo izibalo zalo oluchanileyo zemali, apho umgaqo nengqiqo ilawula imigqaliselo yobulungisa nakuluntu. Ukusekela oku Isikhundla olungenayo ingqolowa obengo, nokuba langoku ibakala ubukho unxulumano loluntu kwinkalo irhafu.

iintsingiselo kuhlalutywa lungentla lumele imizamo nje ezimbalwa ukuchaza kumda wesangqa ye oguqukayo ubudlelwane mali ehlabathini.