Ibali lika "Spasskaya Polist" Radishcheva: isishwankathelo, umxholo ongundoqo kunye analysis imveliso

"Journey ukusuka St. Petersburg ukuya eMoscow" inemixholo ezintathu eziphambili: amadlala lobuzwilakhe kunye serfdom, umbuzo ke akunakuphepheka wotshintsho. Radishchev kulo msebenzi usetyenzwa ngaphaya ziimvakalelo, besondela ukuboniswa esengqiqweni koqobo siseko. Le ncwadi ngokukhethekileyo eleza kunye iintlobo ngeentlobo, ukususela iinoveli kwingxoxo yentanda, kwaye ukusuka iileta eziya yimizekeliso nje. Zonke ezi "iziqwenga" khona abe yonke usebenzisa ingcinga jikelele olawulo akudala yedwa kunye serfdom. Ukongeza, cross-ukusika ubuntu kuyinto umhambi, nangona kwisahluko ngasinye kukho isakhiwo sebali, kunye nemfezeko yayo compositional.

Spasskaya Polist

Enye izahluko zosulele zentlalo-amanqam ingqalelo i "Spasskaya Polist". Yena ushwankathela le mbongi Radishcheva malunga ngeengozi lobuzwilakhe. Ukuba kukho kuphela ibali neyamabamba, uze usebenzise imali for ngaphandle kwenkonzo karhulumente, iinjongo kunye nokuqeshwa zobuqu (iimbatyisi ezifunyenwe). Kunye nomncedisi wakhe, sibulela i "abathobelayo" ukuze inkonzo, wonyuselwa. Oko kukuthi, kukho izimali Mnyango. Dream uMhambi - yinto umfanekiso satirical yonke wolawulo uCatherine II. Ngokutsho kombhali, oko ebukumkanini bakhe kunye yimpehla ukonakala lobuzwilakhe ifikelele incopho yawo. Ingakumbi umkhondo ngokucacileyo kwisahluko "Spasskaya Polist".

Radishchev - Russian wentando sekuhleni kwinkulungwane XVIII, lowo wenza igalelo elikhulu kwinkcubeko Russian, uncwadi kunye iingcinga kwezentlalo. Kwisahluko "Spasskaya Polist", njengoko kwi "uhambo" lonke, umbhali uthetha egameni kumafama abahlelelekileyo kwaye ediniwe ukuba abe nelizwi ukuphendula labacinezeli. Kwakukho enye series kunye yokucinga olululo umbhali, umbhali imisebenzi emininzi, kuquka intloko "Spasskaya Polist" (uhlalutyo uya ukuqinisekisa oku).

yokuhlolwa

Shicilela imveliso ayikwazanga ukuphatha, nangona Constantine Ryleev yamshiya, musa nokuba ukufunda. Ke umbhali axhotyiswe yoshicilelo eyakhe wokuthengisa iikopi-25. I-600 aseleyo ishiye ekhaya. Nkqu ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu iqwenga okwanele kwisixeko "buzzed." Rumor bafika uCatherine. UKumkanikazi waba nomsindo. Nangona ukungaziwa wombhali "Journey" Radishchev ngokukhawuleza Ayifumaneki. Ukuze ixesha elide kwakukho njengesiphumo. Phambi kokuba umbhali waba iinjongo ezintathu: Musa ukunika abahlobo ukuba ukukhusela abantwana nokuhlangula iimpilo zabo. It yaphela into yokuba ukuphunyezwa liye lathatyathelw 'indawo yesalathisi eSiberia. Ngoko ke 'a mvukeli ngaphezu Pugachev "siphila. Radishchev wazibulala xa, emva kokubuya ekuthinjweni waqonda ukuba intshutshiso ayizange iphele.

Enyanisweni

Le ncwadi Radishchev (kwaye kwezinye izahluko, ezifana "uMsindisi Polist"), uluvo oluphambili - ukubhentsiswa serfdom. UCatherine esababonayo kulo ucula ye-French Revolution, kodwa ubukhulu becala yonke imicimbi, baphefumlelwa leyinene Russian. intlanganiso mhambi nganye kunyusa kuphela singakholosi nalwazelelelo nesikali ukunyoba egqubayo kweli lizwe. Umbhali akazange athandabuze ukuba ukugxeka ekuhleni serfdom. Ubiza le ubundlobongela ngokuchasene mntu emzimbeni. "Spasskaya Polist" eyakhelwe umahluko elibukhali ubukhulu lwangaphandle zobukumkani kunye nokubola yayo yangaphakathi despotism. A umahluko phakathi umbhali ubamba i iyadi, warhaxwa ubuncwane kunye beggary Russia. Ukufunyanwa icebisa ukuba abasemagunyeni kukho abantu abakwaziyo ubukrwada. Ezininzi wabonisa imifanekiso embezzlers nabakhohlisi, bureaucrats noozwilakhe. Bonke iqhagamshelene ngu msebenzi yaye ucinga kuphela malunga nendlela ukwandisa iwonga ngaphezulu wakho rob abalimi. Ibali lika "Spasskaya Polist" kubeka ekukhanyeni okuqaqambileyo.

Ukufumana indlela

Ukugxekwa Radishchev kunye absolutism bakhanyiselwa, kunye nayo, abefundisi kunye nebandla. Bona, ngokutsho Radishchev, zezona abancedisi iphambili ozimeleyo kucinezelwa ngamakhoboka. Indlela kuphela kule meko a revolution. Lo mbhali uthi ukuba abantu abeza ukuzibaxa izinto. Lo mzuzu xa ubundlobongela ukubhukuqa ubundlobongela.

Ngokokubona Radishchev eRashiya ukuze urhulumente republic, apho isisekelo - ipropati yabucala. It unalo ilungelo lokuba wonke umntu. Oko kukuthi, ukubhukuqwa ukumkani umhlaba amafama. Kakade ke, wayesazi ukuba konke oku kuza ngomso. Okokuqala, lo revolution kufuneka zenzeke ezingqondweni abalimi, nalapho ke kuphela, enyanisweni.

isishwankathelo

Kwisahluko "Spasskaya Polist" ubalisa ibali njani indlela eya Polist neqabane umhambi athi ibali lakhe. Yonke into ngaye kulungile, umfazi wam, kodwa hayi ixesha elide. I Hitcher walukuhlwa ngayo neqabane lakhe, nto leyo ekhohlo kwi iimbotyi, kodwa benamatyala. Umfazi okhulelweyo yokwaphuka luvo wazala ngaphambi kwexesha. Nam usana okanye unina yasinda. Yaye uninzi ukukhohliswa waya bazimele. Umhambi uyavelana ngokunyanisekileyo kunye neqabane lakhe, yaye livela endaweni umlawuli ophakamileyo, ubulungisa nokulunga, apho esezansi lizwe, abantu bonwabile. Kodwa ngequbuliso komkhusane iwela emehlweni yomphathi, uyabona ukuba ngenene eli lizwe awile, namandla ube akuthandayo. Oku yintloko "Spasskaya Polist", isishwankathelo yayo uchazwe apha ngasentla.

umhambi

Uhlobo "uhambo" ivumela hero yakho ukuba nokuguquguquka ukuya imveliso yokugqibela, kwakunye ukufumana inyaniso. Ngubani na umhambi Radishcheva? Asikwazi kuthi ngenxa ukuba nguye abalisa ngaye wayekwangumbhali. Enyanisweni, ukusuka kwimveliso, siyazi phantse nto malunga izibakala ngobomi bakhe. Bona abasasazeke kwizahluko ezahlukeneyo benze imali encinane. Nguye ummeli esemthethweni amahlwempu kunye izikhulu. Imveliso kucacile ukuba ithe ayaba umfazi, kodwa abe nabantwana. Ekuqaleni "The Uhambo 'uTshawe ukhumbula nesenzo sakhe ihlazo, xa kungekho sizathu ke ukubetha coachman yakhe. Le nkumbulo lakhe libonisa ukuba phambi kwaba feudal oqhelekileyo linene. Ngokuqonda izisekelo lobuzwilakhe umhambi ezimbi beza kamva. Yena wazohlwaya kwaye bafuna ukwenza ukuzibulala, njengento baqonda engenamandla ukutshintsha. Nangona izinto ezimbi kunye nemifanekiso ibali lokugqibela nangoku ekubeni banethemba ngaphezulu. Radishchev wakholwa; ke akayi kuhlala ixesha elide.

ngeendlela ezintathu

Mhambi, ndawonye naye kunye Radishchev, bafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba kukho iindlela ezintathu ezinokwenziwa ngayo ukuba balahle serfdom Russian. Le utshintsho ( "ekhethwayo"), imfundo, abanumzana ( "Sacra"), imvukelo ( "Zaitsevo). Abaninzi ababephila ngexesha lakhe babekholelwa ukuba umbhali ngokwakhe lweli mvukelo. Kodwa akunjalo. Radishchev Uloqonda zonke zontathu iindlela, yaye ngamnye kubo sinika imbeko.

Nebandla

Man Radishchev wayekholelwa ukuba ukuwa yokuziphatha, yenkohlakalo kunye nosekela amaqhina oqhagamshelwano kunye nabanye. Xa intloko kwiziganga icawe lobuzwilakhe. Umbhali kuye kwabachaphazela wonke; ukuhluza, kunye nenkundla Regal, kwaye okubi abo ngamandla. A mthombo uvuyo kuba umbhali kukuba isiqalo esempilweni, leyo akakafiki ezilahlekileyo abantu. Le apho umbhali ufuna kwaye ufumana inkxaso kunye nethemba ukuba ngcono eliqaqambileyo. Ngapha koko, nangona zonke, abantu abasebenza, behlala nemihlali. Kuyinto kwi elula nabalimi umbhali ubona nekamva lelizwe. Hayi kuphela ngokuchasene lobuzwilakhe wenza Radishchev, kodwa nxamnye kwicala zinkuni, ezifana Freemasonry. Baya ukuphazamisa abantu kwimibandela zikarhulumente awuthimba ububhanxa yakhe engqondweni. Abalungele Radishchev - indoda okhaliphileyo ohlala ubomi eRashiya, radeyuschie inyaniso. Kakade ke, Radishchev bafumanana ubomi bakhe iminyaka elikhulu. Namhlanje siyayixabisa kokufaneleka kwakhe phambi looBawo.