Imigaqo nesicwangciso qhinga kwisakhiwo emkhosini-mveliso

lokulungisa umnotho eRashiya kuba phantse-20 iminyaka, zikhokelele utshintsho oluphawulekayo hayi nje kuqoqosho kodwa kubomi kwelizwe liphela. Kwakukho kudala inkqubo yezopolitiko entsha nemigaqo emitsha izicwangciso ezininzi iinkalo zobomi yoluntu, waya endaweni urhulumente-owned kawonke-corporate. It wadalwa phantse inkqubo entsha yezimali zeli lizwe, wenza umsebenzi omkhulu kwindlela eya koqoqosho evulekileyo. Nakuba kunjalo, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga nangoku wema phandle nesenzeko ezimbi zentlalo noqoqosho: intlupheko, imivuzo ephantsi, kukho iyantlukwano enkulu ngobume eziphathekayo yabemi.

Ukusombulula zonke ezi ngxaki zentlalo nezoqoqosho kubalulekile ukucwangcisa ixesha elide, nto leyo eya kuqinisekisa uphuhliso oluzinzileyo loqoqosho. Ngokutsho ingqikelelo yangoku yale uphuhliso unako kwaye emaziphunyezwe ukuguqukela kwenye, imigaqo yocwangciso emitsha mihla, ukuze uqoqosho ezintsha, xa isakhiwa kungekhona ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa kolwazi yabantu, ubugcisa ezintsha kunye ezintsha.

Ngokoqikelelo lwabaphandi Russian kwi uqoqosho lwamazwe Western kukho umkhwa ngokuthe kokuhla komthamo yophando kwinkalo iingalo imveliso yomkhosi kunye nokukhawulezisa ukukhula zotyalo-mali kuphando basic lwenzululwazi. ERussia ekuqaleni kutshintsho loqoqosho, njengoko ezihlangwini kunye yindlalifa USSR wayenamandla kakhulu ehlabathini kwesayensi nobugcisa, kodwa phantse zonke zakhiwo sele ababezahlule kuqoqosho umphakathi kunye nemarike umthengi luphela. Le obungcali ephambili, banikwe zenene 'imfazwe ebandayo "ijoliswe nokugcinwa kunye nophuhliso loshishino yokhuselo eli lizwe. Oku kwakuthetha ukuba phantse zonke izinto ezifunyaniswe zizazinzulu kwinkalo ye-high technology, imigaqo ucwangciso isicelo kwesi sigaba yemveliso lwentlalo, zijongwe bemilo kwe nokusebenza kwi ezintsonkothileyo emkhosini-mveliso. Uninzi ezintsha zaphunyezwa kweli lizwe igxile kuphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa kwezixhobo hayi ukuya kwimveliso yomphakathi.

Umba izicacele ophambene vybrakovyvanie inani elikhulu ubugcisa ukuba akazalani kwisakhiwo emkhosini-mveliso, kunye nemiyalelo nombono yaye alukhange lufumane ngqwalaselo efanelekileyo evela izazinzulu, njengoko kungekhona esebenzayo kwiimfuno zoshishino emkhosini. Qho accrual, yaye, mhlawumbi, enye iimpawu eziphambili kurhwebo yanamhlanje Russian high-zobugcisa yi nonokungangqinelani mali noshowo zobugcisa phezulu, ndaqonda kwishishini zokhuselo kunye nokungabikho phantse epheleleyo kwicandelo umphakathi. Ezizezi utshintsho kwimigaqo ezintsha izicwangciso kunye nophuhliso kolu shishino kukuba ukuphelisa le kungalingani.

Enye into eyothusayo imarike abaxhakaxhaka Russian yi ukuncitshiswa lwezakhono zoluntu. Okwangoku, xa siqwalasela ukubaluleka ekuqalisweni kwe iiteknoloji ezintsha kwi kwimveliso ezintsha, kuquka iimarike eziphakamileyo zobugcisa, umthombo lubalaseleyo kobutyebi ehlabathini ulwazi kunye nezakhono. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho Bank World, amazwe phantse ezimakhulu mabini, yobutyebi obubonakalayo (cash aseti eziphathekayo) yi-avareji-16% ye-ubutyebi lilonke ixabiso bendalo, ubukho kuqikelelwa kwi-20%, kodwa ke ixabiso lwezakhono zoluntu 64%. Namhlanje eRashiya, la manani ngokulandelelana 14,72 no-14%, kwaye eJamani, Japan kunye Sweden - 80%. Russia, ukuba enkulu imithombo yendalo (27% kwezibonelelo zehlabathi), kuquka 11% lwemithombo ehlaziyekayo eli hlabathi, uye% 8 kuphela ekuthiwa-capital abantu apho kusetyenziswa% 3 kuphela, ngelixa kulungiselelwa eUnited States nani 28 , 5%, kuba amazwe aseYurophu - 50%.

Ukuze umva le ntsingiselo kunzima, kodwa kunokwenzeka. Kakuhle ezikhethiweyo ngexesha zigaba ezithile zo yocwangciso emkhosini-mveliso zophuhliso ezimbaxa kunye notyalo kangangoko kule ndawo, ingaba industrial ngokutsha olunokubakho ngokuhambelana ezenzekayo ngoku.