State lwamashishini - ntoni na? Enterprise owodwa, amashishini karhulumente

Kukho kakhulu inani elikhulu iintlobo zobumnini. bobabini kubalulekile ubomi bezoqoqosho, kwaye encinane ezaziwayo kwindoda avareji amashishini ecalanye kunye karhulumente. Ngenxa yoko, kweli nqaku, oku kuya kulungiswa.

ulwazi jikelele

kwishishini kaRhulumente yeyona uluntu iqumrhu of economic msebenzi. Yintoni peculiarity wayo? Ingongoma apha kukuba basonta amagunya "Treasury". Oku kuthetha ukuba ezi mveliso zibe phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente. Ngqo okanye ngqo, oko kuchaphazela inani elikhulu kunene imibuzo, kuquka: amaxabiso, inkuthazo zemali kubasebenzi, ucwangciso nomgaqo kunye neminye imiba.

inkampani karhulumente-sizibophelele ukungena kwizivumelwano nemibutho ezahlukileyo unikezelo kwempahla, leyo zifikelela kwiimfuno karhulumente. Le yokugqibela inika uncedo-mali, izibonelelo kwi umba kwempahla yomphakathi, unika ukhuseleko ngokuchasene yimali, kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Nangona into yokuba ishishini zikarhulumente ezisebenzayo isenzo enzima oluleko (ngethiyori), andikwazi ukuthetha malunga namaxabiso ayo. Enyanisweni, njengoko umthetho, iifem ezo wazigxothayo phambi koonyana kwinkqubo nemakethe. Bona operator kwezoqoqosho ixabiso eliphantsi.

ukusebenza nokusebenzisa

njani na ishishini likarhulumente? Ekuqaleni, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba inkxaso imibutho ezinjalo kukho inxalenye kunokuba enkulu lwabiwo-mali. ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule kwemali kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yolawulo esetyenzisiweyo. Ngoku ke utyekelo ukuqaphela inani olu hlobo abaqhubi kwezoqoqosho ukuya ubuncinane.

amazwe ahlukeneyo ukuze babelane ngamava ezahlukeneyo kwendalo kunye nolawulo, afaneleka mveliso ezifana amashishini kunye namaziko karhulumente. Ngenxa yoku, ukugqithiselwa uphuhliso kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye kunzima. Inye kuphela into eqhelekileyo - oko ulawulo yi imisebenzi kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ikhomishini ezizodwa. Makhe sijonge umzekelo kunye Russian Federation nathi. Njengoko kukho isebenza njengequmrhu likarhulumente kamasipala? Okanye federal? Ziziphi iinkalo akhona?

Zenene Russian Federation

Le nkqubo isisikhokelo sezomthetho kwilizwe lethu lo mthetho "Ngenxa yotshintsho yamashishini karhulumente." Ilawula ndaba umsebenzi kwezoqoqosho igunya evunyiweyo nokwakheka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba intloko ngqo yeziko okanye kwishishini usenalo a Inkululeko ethile. Ngoko ke, ukuba bayibiza appendage izixhobo karhulumente ngeke.

Umzekelo, ishishini eqhelekileyo federal Urhulumente kukhetha. Umzekelo, oku kusebenza inkqubo nokhuphiswano ekuqasheni ukuya kwizikhundla kakhulu eziphezulu. Ukongeza, ukuba usebenzisa uvavanyo ingcali ezimeleyo imisebenzi kunye izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ngokufuthi ewonke ngazwinye. Xa umzimba kushishino kwakhona kudala ibhodi, ikomiti okanye ulawulo ikhomishini. Yeyona ndlela iphumelelayo kuba ukonga kwinkcitho yombutho kwaye ngexesha elinye ukulawula umsebenzi eyenziwe sifundo.

Yintoni enye?

Ilungiselelwe ukuba baqhubi yezoqoqosho ezinjalo kufuneka babe ilizwi umxholo wayo: ". Lweshishini yoluntu kamasipala" "federal" okanye Ukongeza, kufuneka kubekho ebonisa ukuba umnini propati. Iinkampani enjalo kufuneka ukuba babe endaweni yobhaliso yayo karhulumente.

Kwakhona, kwishishini ngalinye karhulumente kufuneka idilesi lokuposa. Ukuba itshintsha, kufuneka yazise i-arhente ejongene ubhaliso imo amaqumrhu asemthethweni. zaMashishini kaRhulumente unako kulawulwa kwelona nqanaba liphezulu xa bevelisa impahla ebaluleke kakhulu. Kwakhona qaphela iiyantlukwano ezikhoyo ngaphakathi kwiqela lithile abaqhubi kwezoqoqosho.

lweshishini esihlangene

Yintoni phawu? Ngoko umnxeba kwishishini urhulumente wezwe ukuba isekelwe ngasekunene yolawulo zokusebenza. isimo yayo ngokomthetho Kuyinto ethile. Ngoko, kwelinye icala, oko wadalwa ukuze enze umsebenzi othile, ukunikezela ngeenkonzo, ukuvelisa iimveliso, oko kukuthi ukwenza ishishini. Kwelinye - umsebenzi zoqoqosho kwenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwemali kwibhajethi zabelwa ubuncwane federal.

Ngoko ke, lo lweshishini unitary liqumrhu ethile, leyo libambe indawo oluphakathi phakathi kwe umbutho non / inzuzo. I ntiyiso leswaku Ukuthintela ukusetyenziswa kulo mzekelo isifundo lomsebenzi yezoqoqosho anokwenziwa kuphela sisigqibo ngurhulumente Russian. Kwaye kuphela ngokususela yepropati ukuyiphatha federal.

mveliso Federal karhulumente

Makhe sijonge ngakumbi kule fomu. Federal mveliso owadalwa ngenxa imisebenzi ethile (umzekelo, imveliso tank). Kananjalo enokulungiswa ngokusekelwe izibonelelo esele zikhona. Kwimeko yokugqibela, umthetho othintela ukunciphisa inani lemisebenzi uyala ukwamkela ootitshala apha phambi kokuba utshintsho. Kwakhona Awukwazi udlulisela impahla kwishishini kwabanye abantu. Ngelo xesha linye i-mthetho thethwane, oko singahluthwa kuphela ngemvume yebhunga lolawulo, leyo elaqalisa ezabelwe amaziko oluntu. Njengoko yokugqibela unyanzelekile:

1. Banike iingxelo ngendlela iintlobo lusekiwe.
2. Entloko buqu uxanduva ngeziphumo yemisebenzi yoqoqosho ndamhambisa ngezifundo kuqoqosho.
3. imali Federal kufuneka mazisetyenziselwe kuphela qwaba injongo eyenzelwe yona.
4. Ikhankanya imisebenzi, kwakunye nenkqubo ukwabiwa inzuzo.

Okukodwa

Ukuba sithethe kweliso ngqo kwishishini kaRhulumente, ke uphathiswe lo msebenzi emagxeni abalawuli. Esisebenza ngayo kumgaqo ubunye umyalelo. Misa kwaye amkhulule imisebenzi yakhe inokuba i-arhente karhulumente federal into benza kwingxelo ngezithako zawo kuphela. Kulo mzekelo, i-Russian Federation ithwala noxanduva umsebenzisi kwezoqoqosho ancedisayo liability.

Ngamanye amazwi - urhulumente ithatha zonke iingozi ezivelayo ngokunxulumene nemisebenzi lweshishini. Ngendlela enye i Russian Federation inoxanduva amatyala yayo impahla yayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba inokubuyiselwa khona ngenxa nemisebenzi lweshishini. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwakhona ukuba lenguqulelo kunye Ukumiswa kungenzeka kwenziwa kuphela ngaphandle nguRhulumente Russian.

Imizekelo kumashishini aphantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente

ebandakanyekileyo Apho izakhiwo ezinjalo? Yintoni na iinjongo ezithile eziyilwe phantsi kwazo? Ngokuqhelekileyo, urhulumente iphuhlisa imisebenzi yayo kwiindawo engabalulekanga qhinga yobukho layo, okanye nje aningabo nabatyalimali abanomdla, kodwa ibalulekile.

Ngokomzekelo, indawo ukuhambahamba esibhakabhakeni. Emhlabeni, kukho mnye kuphela inkampani yabucala inxaxheba ekwakheni kwisiphekepheke. Isambuku wonke umsebenzi ebanjwe luluntu okanye encedisayo (xa zidityanisiwe kumazwe amaninzi) izakhiwo. Awu, apha ukuthetha malunga nokufumana inzuzo ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ayikho imfuneko. Ngoko ke, ngokuba oosomashishini abaninzi, eli nqanaba ayikho umdla.

amacandelo Strategic kufuneka kuqatshelwe ezolimo kunye noshishino zokhuselo. Ukususela intlanganiso yokuqala ezimeleyo iimfuno nokungundoqo labemi. Kwimeko ukuphazamiseka izinto ukutya ngokuzithemba ukuthetha isilinganiselo yindlala kunye nelahleko zabantu. Ngoko ke, ezolimo luxhaswa onke States ezo ubuncinane nje nexhala malunga nokhuseleko lwabo. Hayi kuphela iinkampani ezinkulu kwaye kukho imiqathango engqongqo, kodwa kwakhona ukunika iindidi ekhuthazayo inkxaso. Ngelo xesha linye kushishino ukuziphendulela le buzinze phantse ngokupheleleyo kumashishini aphantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente ukuze xa kukho impixano, umbandezeli yabavoti unikezelo umkhosi ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kwezoqoqosho.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, amashishini karhulumente a ngokubaluleka ngokwanelisayo kakhulu ekulondolozeni izinto zeli lizwe. Kwimeko zendlala eziququzelelwe liSebe reserve karhulumente - isakhiwo okhethekileyo, esingethe umbandela ukuyilwa kwento imfuyo ukutya. Imizekelo enjalo kunokukhokelela amanani amakhulu. Nangona Article phantse yonke ingqalelo kuye kunikwe Russian Federation, amanye amazwe nabo zisebenza ngendlela efanayo.

Umbuzo apha kuphela kwindlela ingqalelo kakhulu ihlawulwe kule nkalo. Ngenxa yoko, kwisalathiso umsebenzi ehlabathini lweentengo kulindelwe yeoli kugqalwa reserve qhinga yecebo eUnited States. Ummiselo isimo apho kukho ngaphezu kwezigidi 600 nemigqomo. Ukuba isalathiso lingaphantsi kwe eli nani, imarike iya kuba umdlali omtsha enkulu, ngubani kusithenga kukuninzi.