I-Hypersonic "i-Zircon" rocket: iimpawu

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iUnited States ikhuthaze ngokukhawuleza inkqubo yayo yokukhusela i-missile. Umnqweno waseburhulumenteni waseUnited States ukuhambisa ezinye iinkalo zenkqubo yokukhusela i-missile eMpuma Yurophu yeso sizathu sokuqala kohlanga lwe-nyukliya phakathi kweMerika neRashiya.

Ukukhawuleza ekudaleni izixhobo ezintsha

Ngenxa yokuqiniswa ngamandla kweenkqubo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela i-United States kufuphi nemida yaseRashiya, uMphathiswa wezoKhuseleko welizwe wenza isigqibo esicwangcisekileyo sokumelana nayo ngokudala iimfono ezintsha ze-hypersonic. Omnye wabo ngu-ZK-22 - i-rocket hyerson "iZircon". I-Russia, ngokweengcali zayo zempi, iya kukwazi ukujongana nantoni nayiphi na into enokuthi ixhatshazwe kuphela xa ivuselela ngokukhawuleza umkhosi wayo kunye ne-navy.

Ubungakanani bemihla ngemihla yoMkhosi wamaRashiya waseRussia

Ukususela ngo-2011, ngokwesi sicwangciso seSebe loMphathiswa wezoKhuselo baseRashiya, umsebenzi uqhubeka ukudala isikhali esiyingqayizivele njengeMissile yeZircon. Iimpawu zeefowuni ze-supersonic zikwahlula ngomgangatho omnye oqhelekileyo-isantya esiphezulu. Banejubane elinjalo lokuba intshaba ingabi nobunzima nje kuphela ngokubhekiselele ekuthatheni kwabo, kodwa kwimizamo yokufumanisa. Ngokutsho kweengcali zempi, i-missile ye-cruise Zirkon iphumelela kwaye iyanqandela naluphi na ugonyamelo. Iimpawu zomveliso zenza kube lula ukuqwalasela le sixhobo njengenkota ye-hypersonic yangoku yeenqwelo zomoya zaseRussia.

Iingxelo kumaphephandaba

Ngesihlandlo sokuqala, izicelo zokuphuhliswa kwinkimbinkimbi kunye ne-hypersonic cruise missile "iZircon" yolwandle olusisiseko lwabonakala kumaphephandaba ngoFebruwari 2011. Isixhobo saba yinkqubo entsha eyinkqutyana yophuhliso lwabaqulunqi baseRussia.

Inkqubo yokutyunjwa kwe-missile ye-Zircon yi-3K-22.

Ngomhla ka-Agasti 2011, umlawuli jikelele we-Artificial Army Army Concern, uBoris Obnosov, wamemezela ukuba iqumrhu liqalise ukuphuhlisa i-rocket eza kukhawuleza ukuya kwi-13 iMash, idlula isantya sesandi ngamaxesha angama-12-13. (Ukuthelekisa: namhlanje isantya se-Russian Navy strike missiles iya kuMak 2.5).

Ngo-2012, uMphathiswa weSekela loKhuselo waseRashiya wathi ngexesha elizayo ukuvavanywa kokuqala kwe-missile eyenziwe kulindeleke.

Imithombo evuliwe ibhengeze ukuba uphuhliso lwenqwelo elunzima kunye ne-rocket hypersonic "iZircon" yaphathiswa "i-NPO Mashinostroyeniya." Kuyaziwa ukuba ulwazi malunga neendlela zobugcisa beziko lukwahlula, iinkcukacha ezixeliweyo zichazwe: ububanzi - 300-400 km, isivinini - 5-6 uMax.

Kukho iingxelo eziqinisekisiweyo zokuthi i-missile inguqulelo lwe-BraMos, i-missile ehamba phambili eyenziwa ngabasunguli baseRashiya kunye neengcali zase-Indiya ezisusela kwi-misyle ye-Onyx P-800. Ngo-2016 (ngoFebhuwari), inkampani yaseBrahMos Aerospace yathi injini ye-hypersonic yengqondo yayo ingaphuhliswa phakathi kweminyaka eyi-3-4.

Ngo-Matshi 2016, amajelo ashicilelwe ukuqala kweemvavanyo ze-rocket hypersonic "iZircon", ezenziwa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa umhlaba.

Kwixesha elide kwakucetywayo ukufaka iZirkon kwiindawo ezinqabileyo zaseRashiya ezisemoyeni. Okwangoku, le mijelo yamanzi e-atomic yesizukulwana sesi-5 iphuhliswa yi-bureau ye-Malakhit yoyilo.

Ngelo xesha, ulwazi lupapashwe kumajelo eendaba ukuba iimvavanyo zendlela yokuphamba kweenqwelo-moya ze-missile zivule ngokugcwele. Ekugqityweni kwabo, kulindeleke ukuba isigqibo senziwe malunga nokwamkelwa kweZirkon kwiNavy YaseRashiya. Ngo-Apreli 2016, ulwazi lwanyatheliswa ukuba iimvavanyo ze-Zircon rocket ziza kugqitywa ngo-2017, kwaye ngo-2018 ukuqaliswa kweyunithi kwimveliso emininzi kulindeleke.

Uphuhliso novavanyo

Ngo-2011, ukukhathazeka kweeNtshontsho eziMandla eziTekisi zaqala ukuyila iinqwelo zokulwa neenqwelo-moya zokuzikhusela i-Zirkon. Iimpawu zezixhobo ezintsha, ngokweengcamango zengcali, zininzi ngokufanayo kunye nobunzima obukhoyo "Bolid".

Ngo-2012 no-2013, i-rocket entsha yavavanywa kwisayithi yokuhlola e-Akhtubinsk. Umphathiswa wayeyi-TU-22M3. Isiphumo semvavanyo sasisigqibo malunga nesizathu sokuqalisa nokungaphumeleli kwexesha elifutshane le-warhead. Uvavanyo olwalandelayo luqhutywe ngo-2015 kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisemgangathweni njengezithuthi. Ngoku, ngokuqaliswa kokukhawuleza, i-rocket zircon yasungulwa. Iimpawu zonyaka ka-2016 xa zivavanywe zanikezela umphumo omuhle, owabangela ukuba abaphuhlisi bavakalise kwiimidiya malunga nokudala i-weaponic missile weapon entsha.

Kuphi uceba ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezintsha?

Emva kokugqitywa kweemimandla zephondo ezicwangcisiweyo ziza kuxhotyiswa nge "Husky" (iinqwelo zasemanzini ezininzi), "abaholi" kunye nabaqhubi benyukliya abanamhlanje "Orlan" kunye "noPeter Omkhulu". Kwi-cruiser nuclear cruiser "I-Admiral Nakhimov" iya kufakwa ne-anti-ship missile "iZircon". Iimpawu zezixhobo ezitsha ezikhawulezayo eziphambili ziphezulu kunamathotho afanayo - umzekelo, njenge-"Granite". Emva kwexesha, kuya kutshintshwa ngu-ZK-22. Iinqanawa ezinqamlekileyo kunye nezamanje ziza kusebenzisa umkhosi weZircon.

Iinkcukacha zobugcisa

• Uluhlu lwe-missile ngu-1500 km.
• Ukufakela kunejubane malunga no-6 uMa. (1 uMa iingu-331 zamitha ngomzuzwana).
• Icandelo lokulwa leZK-22 lilinganiselwa ngaphantsi kwama-200 kg.
• Iikhilomitha ezili-500 - umda wonakalo, onokwakheka kwe-hypersonic "iZircon".

Impawu yompu ibangela isizathu sokugweba ukuphakama komkhosi onalo phezu komdlali ongenalo zixhobo.

Injini kunye nombane

I-Hypersonic okanye i-super-fast yiyona nto inesantya sayo ubuncinane ezingama-4500 km / h. Xa kudala izixhobo ezinjalo, abaphuhlisi bajamelana neengxaki ezininzi zesayensi kunye nezobuchwepheshe. Phakathi kwabo, kukho imibuzo ephuthumayo malunga nendlela yokukhawulezisa i-missile usebenzisa injini ye-jet yendabuko kunye neyiphi i-fuel fuel to use? Oososayensi baseRussia-abaphuculisi banqume: ukukhawulezisa i-ZK-22 basebenzise injini ekhethekileyo ye-rocket-flow-direct, ebonakaliswa ngumlilo ophezulu. Ezi njenjini zisebenza kwi-fuel "entsha ye-Decylin-M", apho amandla okwandisa amandla (20%) ayenayo.

Iinkalo zesayensi ezibandakanyekayo ekuphuhliseni

Ubushushu obuphezulu yindawo eqhelekileyo apho i-rocket Zircon eqhutyelwa emva kokusabalalisa ukuhamba kwayo. Iimpawu zesimo se-homing kwisantya esiphezulu ngexesha lokundiza singaphambukiswa kakhulu. Isizathu salokhu kuvela kwefu le-plasma, elingavala isicatshulwa kwinkqubo kunye nokulimaza inzwa, i-antenna kunye nokulawula. Ukuqhubela phambili kwinqanaba lokuqhubela phambili, ii-rockets kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo ze-radio-electronic. Imveliso ye-serial ye-ZK-22 iquka ezo zenzululwazi njengezinto zesayensi, ukwakha injini, i-electronics, i-aerodynamics kunye nabanye.

Yayinjani injongo ye-Zircon rocket (iRashiya)?

Iimpawu ezifunyenwe emva kokuvavanywa kweempepha zinika isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba ezi zinto zingabonakaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba le-anti-tank yokulwa. Oku kwenzeke ngenxa yezinto ezimbini ezibalulekileyo kwiZK-22:

• Isantya semfazwe yemfazwe ekuphakameni kweekhilomitha ezili-100 ngu-15 Mach, i-7 km / sec.
• Ukuba kwindawo engqongqo yemvula, nangaphambi kokuba ifikelele ekujoliswe kuyo, i-warhead isenza izinto ezilukhuni, ezenza ukuba nzima ukukhusela i-missile.

Iingcali ezininzi zemikhosi, iRashiya nabangaphandle, zikholelwa ukuba ukuphumelela kwemibutho yemikhosi yempi ngokuxhomekeke ngqo kukufumaneka kweempazamo ze-hypersonic.

Malunga namathuba

Amajelo agxininisa ulwazi malunga neUnited States eshiya emva kweRashiya ngokuqulunqa iimfono ze-hypersonic. Kwiingxelo zabo, iincwadana zincwadi zibhekisele kwi-data yase-US yophando lwezempi. Ukubonakala kwesibhamu se-hypersonic kwi-Arsenal ye-Russian Federation kulindeleke ukuba ibe yinto yanamhlanje kunomkhosi we-Zircon ngo-2020. Kwiinkqubo zokukhusela i-missile ye-United States, ebonwa njengenye yeenkqubo eziphambili kwihlabathi, ukuvela kwezixhobo zenyukliya eziphambili kakhulu kwi-air force yaseRashiya kuya kuba ngumceli mngeni ngokwenene.

Ukungabonakaliswa kwintambo yezixhobo zobugcisa eziphezulu ziqhubeka ehlabathini. Izixhobo zobukhohlisi zixhomekeke kwii-teknoloji zakutshanje, ezenzelwe inxaxheba kwiminyaka emashumi amabini anesibini kwimpumelelo. Akunangqondo ukuba ngowama-2000, uMongameli wase-US uGeorge W. Bush wasayina umyalelo ophendulela ekubeni yinto enokwenzeka yokuqhutyelwa kwehlabathi ngokukhawuleza usebenzisa iimfono ezihamba ngokugqithiseleyo.

Kulula ukuqagela ukuba ngubani oye wenzelwe. Mhlawumbi, kungoko ngo-Oktobha 2016, uMphathiswa wezoKhuseleko uSergei Shoigu wamemezela ukusetyenziswa kwe-X-101 kwimfazwe eSiriya - iinqwelo zokuhamba ngeendlela ezihamba phambili, udidi olungama-4 500 km.

I-rocket ye-hypersonic "iZircon", iimpawu eziqinisekisa ukuba inzuzo enkulu kakhulu ekubambeni umkhosi onayo, "iphupha legolide" naliphi na jikelele, umphathiswa kunye nomongameli. Ubuninzi bezixhobo ezinjalo ziba ngumqobo omkhulu kunoma yimuphi umzabalazo wempi.