Iinjini Ubushushu: umgaqo ukusebenza, wesiphaluka isixhobo

Cinga injini ubushushu, indlela amanyathelo ezi mgaqo. Xa kolu qweqwe lomhlaba, kunye neelwandle ze yovimba amandla yangaphakathi abaya kuthathelwa ingqalelo mda. Ukuze bacombulule iingxaki ezibonakalayo, akwanelanga. Izixhobo kunye nokusebenza Umgaqo-injini ubushushu kufuneka uyazi ukuze ukuqhubela phambili lathes wobugcisa. Umntu ufuna izixhobo ezinjalo ukuba enze umsebenzi luncedo.

iinjini Ubushushu, ogama yokusebenza siza kujonga la eyintloko emhlabeni. Kuzo kukho inguqu kwamandla lwangaphakathi uhlobo ngoomatshini.

Iimpawu ze-injini ubushushu

Yintoni na isenzo umgaqo injini ubushushu? Ngokufutshane ke angamelwa eksperimenti elula. Ukuba amanzi ugalele tube, vala le tube, ade azifikise sethumba, uya ukubhabha. Isizathu ukutsiba phantsi kwiplagi na i intsebenziso zangaphakathi zomphunga. Le nkqubo kunye ngokuguqula amandla lwangaphakathi agciniweyo ixabiso isibini isivalo. iinjini Ubushushu, ogama umsebenzi iyafana naleyo umfuniselo kuchaziwe, isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo. Endaweni yokusebenzisa umbhobho cylinder yesinyithi. Cork indawo le piston, elele kufutshane iindonga, zihamba njengesilinda.

amanyathelo algorithm

Yintoni na isenzo umgaqo injini ubushushu? BeBakala 10 iya kuqwalasela lo mbandela izifundo physics. guys Ubushushu injini kubiza iindlela, apho kukho ukuguquka i energy kwamafutha lwangaphakathi look ngoomatshini.

Ukuze wenze umsebenzi luncedo injini, umahluko uxinzelelo omabini amacala piston okanye injini iincakuba ezinamandla abaza kudalwa. Ukuphumeza umahluko xi okunjalo kwenzeka ukusebenza ukunyuka kwamaqondo fluid ziliwaka degrees xa kuthelekiswa ne-avareji eziyingqongileyo. Ezo lobushushu ukunyuka kwenzeka ngexesha lenkqubo yokutsha.

ukwahlukahlukana lobushushu

Zonke izithuthi mihla ayikhuphi ukufudumeza kulwelo ukusebenza. Loo maKristu abizwa ngokuba igesi esivulekayo inkqubo yokwandisa umsebenzi luncedo. lobushushu yokuqala, luchazwa ngegama T1, oko uzuza kwibhoyila okanye koomatshini turbine. Esi salathisi kuthiwa lobushushu isifudumezi le. Kwinkqubo yokwenza umsebenzi ilahleko ngokuthe ngcembe yamandla yirhasi. Oku kukhokelela pholisa kunqandwa ye kulwelo ukusebenza othile index T2. Ixabiso lobushushu kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe isalathiso bume ambient, kungenjalo uxinzelelo igesi iya kuba izinga incinane womoya, kunye nokusebenza injini abuyi kwenziwa.

Isalathisi T2 ke lobushushu efrijini. Kusebenza umoya okanye izixhobo ezizodwa ezifunwa uzipholisa nokucutheka le zomphunga wachitha.

ezinye iinyani

Ngenxa yoko, iinjini ubushushu, isimiso ukusebenza yayo isekelwe ekwandeni kulwelo ukusebenza akanako ukunika ukwenza umsebenzi yonke amandla wangaphakathi. Xa kunjalo, ezinye ubushushu ziya kudluliselwa emoyeni (efrijini) kunye zomphunga okanye igesi zeemoto turbine wachitha okanye iinjini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi.

Ukusebenza iinjini ubushushu

Yintoni umgaqo yokusebenza injini ubushushu? ukusebenza Thermal ye injini kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomsebenzi luncedo ezenziwa yi igesi. Ngenxa yokuba akunakwenzeka ukuba inguqu ngokupheleleyo amandla lwangaphakathi emsebenzini injini ubushushu, kunokwenzeka ukuba achaze ntuthuko iinkqubo zendalo ezinzulu. Xa kunjalo, ukuba imbuyekezo ezizenzekelayo bokugcinwa ubushushu ukusuka isifudumezi ukuya kupholile, amandla yangaphakathi kwi khusi eligcweleyo wayeza similise umsebenzi luncedo esebenzisa injini ubushushu.

Ukusebenza lulwahlulo umsebenzi luncedo eyenziwa yi-injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi, ukuba imali yalo ubushushu othe wasiwa efrijini. Physics, eli xabiso ngokuqhelekileyo kuboniswa njengepesenti. Lo ngumthetho-siseko kusebenza kuwo i-injini ubushushu. Ukuqhuba ngayo icacile kwaye ilula, nkqu nabafundi bezikolo eziphakamileyo iyafumaneka. Imithetho obizwa kwenza kube lula ukuphumeza ekubaleni ngempumelelo enkulu.

Le ukusungula injini ubushushu

Umsunguli umatshini wokuqala usebenzisa ubushushu sadi Carnot. Waba imoto ogqibeleleyo apho igesi oyinto umzimba yokusebenza. Ngaphezu koko, lo nzulu owayenokugqiba izinga ukusebenza loo isixhobo usebenzisa amaxabiso iqondo lobushushu ifriji heater.

Carnot lingakwaziyo ukufumanisa ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi umatshini yokwenene thermal ukusebenza ngokusekelwe imbawula, kunye kupholile, aye njengoko umoya okanye ekondensa. Ngenxa buboniswe ocetywayo yi Karnaugh enjinini ubushushu bawo lokuqala umiselwa ngempumelelo enkulu. Phakathi iqondo lobushushu imbawula kunye ifriji kukho iqhina ngqo.

Ukuze isebenze kakuhle kumatshini, kufuneka ungabi ngaphantsi kwe-indeksi zezulu ezingqonge lobushushu. Ukuba oyifunayo, ubushushu heater angandiswa, ngaphandle Ilibale ukuba umzimba ngamnye ngqongqo siyakwazi ukumelana ethile ubushushu. Njengoko amalahle ithe luthambe, yaye xa ifikelela lobushushu yokunyibilika a linyibilike nje. Ngenxa ezintsha zafumana kushishino zobunjineli mihla, kukho ukunyuka kancinane injini ukusebenza thermal. Umzekelo, oku kunciphisa usukuzwano phakathi iindawo eziliqela bayiyeka ilahleko ngenxa ngenxa amafutha yokutsha engaphelelanga.

itheyibhile ephindaphindayo

It is a injini ubushushu apho ulwelo ukusebenza isetyenziswa iigesi obushushu aphezulu kuveliswa ngexesha ukutshiswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zepetroli ngaphakathi egumbini. Kukho imijikelo ezine injini yemoto. Phakathi ezinokuzuzwa iya kubizwa zokungenisa zeemoto izivingco, kwigumbi yokutsha, piston, nesilinda, yintlantsi uyitsale, intonga izihlanganisi, kunye flywheel.

isiphelo

Okwangoku, sebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iinjini izithuthi: idizili, પ્રતિલિપિ ikopi. Nangona umahluko zamafutha asetyenziswe, ukuba ziyafana umgaqo. Kuba ngeendleko amandla thermal eyenziwe ngexesha ukutshiswa ipetroli, kukho conversion energy oshushu kwenye ifomu.

Ngelo kwinqanaba lokuqala kukho intshukumo kakuhle vana phantsi inkqubo ithatha indawo ngokuzalisa umxube egumbini ukusebenza. Ekupheleni azigeqa kwajub yokuqala ivelufa otyiwa luvalwe. Ngaphezu koko, lo piston ihambisa wobomi, umxube ukusebenza lo zixinaniswe. Iintlantsi yeplagi yintlantsi ikhokelele ucinezelo umxube amafutha. Uxinzelelo ezwi kwisibini umoya nepetroli ukuya piston, kukhokelela ekubeni intshukumo yayo ezizenzekelayo wokuhla, benjenjalo ukumemeza iwotshi "stroke ukusebenza". Ngentshukumo crankshaft sibonelelwe. Xa Isigaba sesine ivelufa zeemoto uyamvulela, loo ejection lwenzeka xa kusemnandi gas zeemoto.