Imfundo eFinland: izikolo, iiyunivesithi. Isifundo seRashiya

Kule nqaku siza kuthetha ngemfundo eFinland nakwiimpawu zayo. Kwakhona uya kufunda indlela iRashiya engaba ngumfundi waseFinnish kunye nendlela engcono yokwenza ngayo.

Imfundo yaseplasini

Wonke umntwana waseFinland uphathwa njengomntu opheleleyo kwaye omeleyo. Yingakho wonke ummi athola ipasipoti emva kokuzalwa. Ukususela kwiminyaka engama-9 umntwana unelungelo lokunyusa i-nursery yosuku kunye nokuya kwi-clock-clock ukutyelela i-kindergarten, ukuba omnye wabazali, umzekelo, usebenza ebusuku. Ukuqwalaselwa okukhulu kwiziko lokufundela kubhatalwa kwimpilo yomntwana, ngoko ke abantwana bahamba kakhulu kwaye badlala imidlalo yeemidlalo. EFinland, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeenkulisa:

• Urhulumente.
• Kubucala - ngokuqhelekileyo kwimiyezo ekhethiweyo kwinkqubo ethile (i-Montessori, iWaldorf Garden) kunye nazo zonke iiklasi zabantwana zakhiwe ngokuhambelana nayo.
• Umasipala-ngasese - kule ngxaki iindleko (okanye intlawulo ye-kindergarten) ilawulwa nguRhulumente.
• Inzala yasekhaya - abantwana balawulwa kwindlu yangasese okanye kwigumbi. Abaququzeleli kufuneka bazalise inani leemeko. Ngokomzekelo, ukulungiselela ukutya kwangaphandle okanye ukuqesha umpheki, ukubonelela nge-supervision kubantwana - ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu kumntu omdala omnye unokuba nabantwana abane kuphela.

Ukususela kwiminyaka emithandathu ukuya kwisixhenxe, abantwana baqala ukulungiselela isikolo. Kwaye kunelungelo labo, kungekhona umsebenzi wabo. Imfundo enyanzelekileyo iqala ngonyaka xa umntwana ephendulela ezisixhenxe.

Isikolo saseFinnish

Izibalo zibonisa ukuba abantwana besikolo saseFinland baneziphumo eziphezulu kwizifundo ezininzi zezikolo, kodwa bachitha ixesha elincinane lokufunda. Nazi ezinye iinkalo ezithakazelisayo ezibonisa ubungqina besitatimende sokugqibela:

• Abantwana abafumana amanani ukuya kwibanga lesithathu.
• Iimviwo ezikolweni azinyanzelwanga.
• Umntwana unokuzigqiba isigqibo sokuba uyafuna ulwazi olunikezwa kwisifundo. Ukuba akunjalo, unelungelo lokwenza enye into.
• Hlala ngomnyaka wesibini akuyihlazo.

Konke oku, ukuqeqeshwa esikolweni sendawo kunzima kakhulu. Umntwana ngamnye unedayari yekhompyutha, apho amazwana akwenziwa ngutitshala, i-paramedic okanye i-psychologist. Abazali banokubeka iliso kumntwana, bayazi malunga nemicimbi yakhe kunye nokuba kuphi. Umntwana ngamnye uyaphonsa isifundo esiphuthelelweyo-unokuya kwiiklasi kwiklasi ukuba utitshala uya kubonisa.

Imfundo yaseFinland isekelwe kumgaqo wokulingana. Ngoko ke, zonke izikolo ezikwilizwe zinesixhobo esifanayo kunye nenkxaso yemali. Azikho iiklasi "zentsiphu" kwaye "ziphiwe", "zikhubazekile" okanye "abantwana abanokukhubazeka kwengqondo" kumaziko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantwana abaneempawu zomzimba bazame ukufakwa kwangoko kwinqanaba labantwana kwaye batshintshelwe ubomi obuqhelekileyo. "Oqhelekileyo" abantwana ababoni mmahluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo. Mhlawumbi, yingakho abazali bakhetha isikolo esiseduze nekhaya, musa ukuzama ukuya kumfundisi othile kwaye ningabikho abantwana kubafundisi.

Ngokwahlukileyo, ndingathanda ukuxoxa ngabafundisi baseFinnish, njengalolu mbandela i-Finns ivela ngaphandle kwemvelaphi kwamanye amazwe. Ngokomzekelo, utitshala ngamnye unomncedisi eklasini, ufumana umvuzo ophezulu (5,000 euros ngenyanga), kodwa kunye naye bagqiba isivumelwano sekhontrakthi yonyaka omnye wesikolo - ukususela ngo-Agasti ukuya kuMeyi. Ootitshala beli lizwe basebenza ngokuthula, abaxhatshazwa ngabahloli kunye nokunika iphepha. Kodwa bavuyisa ngokunyanisekileyo abafundi ngexesha labo, badonsa abagqwetha kwizifundo ezithile.

Umgaqo wokulingana ufikelela kwizikolo zaseFinnish kunye nabafundi. Ngoko, akwamkelekanga ukuqokelela imibuzo kunye nedatha kwindawo yomsebenzi wabazali okanye ukuba nomdla kwimali yengeniso. Abantwana abaqhelekanga kwelinye lazo baqeshwe, baxhome itekisi yezilwanyana okanye i-label. Ngokuchaseneyo, ngamnye umntwana uzama ukufumanisa iitalente kunye nokuphuhlisa. Utitshala wexesha elizayo (lo msebenzi) ufunda ukuthambekela kwabafundi ngoncedo lweemvavanyo kunye neengxoxo zomlomo. Kwaye akukho ntloni kuba umntu unomdla ngakumbi kumqhubi webhasi kunokuba nethuba lokuba ngumntu onobuncitshisi obalulekileyo. Njengoko bethetha, zonke izakhono zidinga ...

Ukuqeqesha eFinland akukhawulelwanga kwi-akhawunti epheleleyo okanye iincwadi zezifundo. Ngokuphambene noko, kuyasebenza kwaye ihambelana ngqo neemeko zokuphila. Ngokomzekelo, umfundi ngamnye uyakwazi ukubala iintlawulo, shwa nkathela izaphulelo kunye nokuqonda imigqaliselo yesenzo. Kwakhona, abantwana bafunda indlela yokubhala i-resume, ukwenza iintetho kunye nokusebenzisa i-intanethi. Nokuba kuviwo, abafundi bazisa iincwadi zokubhala kunye namacwecwe. Kubalulekile apha ukuba ungabi ngekhanda imihla, kodwa ukufumana ulwazi olufanelekileyo.

Imfundo yesiSekondari

Emva kweeklasi ezinyanzelekileyo ezi-9, abantwana abaneminyaka engama-16 ubudala, abantwana kufuneka bakhethe indlela eqhubekayo-imfundo okanye uqeqesho kwimfundo ephakamileyo (i-analogue ye-lyceum yethu). Kwimeko yokuqala, umfundi ogqityiweyo ekupheleni kwesikolo unokuya emsebenzini okanye aqhubeke nokufundiswa kwiYunivesithi yeSayensi eziSebenzisiweyo. Kwimeko yesibini, uya kukhetha iziko elimfaneleyo. Kwaye isigqibo esithathiweyo singenakugqibela, kwaye kukho iimeko xa emva kwe-lyceum umfundi ukhetha udidi olukhethekileyo. Ukungena eLyceum, umfundi kufuneka adlulise uphando olunzima kunesikolo esiphakamileyo. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abantwana banokukhetha izifundo zabo kunye neqondo lokufunda kwabo. Ngoko ke, umfundi wexesha elizayo lekhono lemathematika, mhlawumbi, uya kukhetha izifundo ezinzulu kwizesayensi ezichanekileyo.

Imfundo ePhakamileyo yaseFinland

Iiyunivesithi zelizwe ziyaziwa kwaye ziyaziwa phakathi kwabafundi kuwo wonke umhlaba. Akumangalisi ukuba abantu abaninzi abaselula baphupha ukuba bafike apha. Ukuze ungene kwiYunivesithi yaseFinland, udinga isatifikethi sezemfundo ezigqityiweyo kunye namanqaku aphezulu. Iyunivesithi nganye ibeka izimo ezongezelelweyo kubafakizicelo ngokuzimeleyo. Imfundo kweli lizwe likhululekile, nakubantu basekuhlaleni. Imeko kuphela yintlawulo yemirhumo yobulungu okanye intlawulo yesibonelelo semilinganiselo. Zonke iiyunivesithi zahlula kwiiyunivesithi kunye namaziko e-polytechnic. Apha awukwazi ukufumana kuphela iidridi eziqhelekileyo ze-bachelor, inkosi okanye ugqirha, kodwa kunye nomphakathi phakathi kokugqibela-i-licentiate. Abafundi beyunivesithi kufuneka balungiselelwe ukuba baya kuba nomsebenzi onzulu wesayensi, uluhlu olukhulu lweencwadi, ikhosi kunye nophando lwebhubhoratri. IYunivesithi ye-Applied Sciences ibangalisa abo bafuna ukuqala ukusebenza emva kwesikolo. Ngokuqhelekileyo eli sikhungo linikeza izifundo zokufunda, kuba abafundi abaninzi sele beqeshwe kumafama nakumafemu.

Bafundi bezinye

Imfundo eFinland yabafundi baseRashiya isenakho ifikeleleke kwaye ikhululekile ngokupheleleyo (ngaphandle kweminikelo enyanzelekileyo kubo bonke, esabhala ngaphezulu). Ukuzalisekisa iphupha lakhe, lowo ungenayo kufuneka alungise ipakethe yamaxwebhu, kuquka nesitifiketi esiqinisekisa ukugqweswa kwesikolo ngokulinganisa okuphezulu. Ukongezelela, kwi-akhawunti yomfundi wexesha elizayo kufuneka kube nemali eya kuhlawula iindleko zakhe zangoku kwiinyanga eziliqela kwangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, ukufumaneka komsebenzi kunokuba kuthathwe ingqalelo yi-yunivesithi (kodwa kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba umfundi unokuchitha iiyure ezingama-25 ngeveki ngexesha leeyure zesikolo). Ukuba ufuna ukufumana imfundo eFinland, ngoko kufuneka ufunde kwisiseko esisisiseko seelwimi ezintathu - isiFinnish, iSweden okanye isiNgesi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokokuqala ngqa, isiNgesi sanele, kwaye ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni lwelizwe lungazifundela kwiikhosi zamahhala.

Izikolo zoLwimi

Njengoko uyazi, isiFinnish enye yeelwimi ezinzima kakhulu kwihlabathi. Kodwa ukuba uyazi enye yeelwimi ze-Finno-Ugric (umzekelo, u-Udmurt), ngoko umsebenzi uza kulula lula. Ukuba akunjalo, kodwa usenza isigqibo sokufunda isiFinnish, ngoko uya kuba neengxaki ezimbalwa ngokukhawuleza. Okokuqala, kweli lizwe kukho izikolo ezingaqhelekanga kubantu basekuhlaleni. Isethi yokufunda isiFinnish ukususela ekuqaleni iqhutyelwa ngamaninzi ngonyaka ngelixesha elithile, kwaye kubamashishini abanzi kunzima ukufumana izifundo zeenkampani. Kodwa indlela eyona ndlela yokugqiba ngokugcwele xa umfundi ehlala ekhaya kunye nomcebisi wakhe. Kule meko, akafundi nje kuphela ulwimi, kodwa uyazi kakuhle indlela yokuphila, izithethe zaleli lizwe.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, abaninzi baseRussia baqale ukutyelela amanye amazwe ukuze bafunde isiNgesi. Nangona kunjalo, iFinland ayifuni ukwenza okufanayo. Uninzi lweenkampu zezikolo zihlelwe yiinkampani zaseRussia kubantwana baseRussia. Abafundi abakhombisi iziphumo ezilungileyo, kuba baqhagamshelana, kwaye uninzi lwabafundisi alukho izithethi zesibalo. Kodwa kubafundi, ukutyelela kwinkampu yolwimi lwasehlobo kunokukwenza umsebenzi omhle. Okokuqala, kuya kuba nethuba lokunyusa ulwazi olukhoyo, kwaye okwesibini, ukuphucula iNgesi yakho. Kodwa khumbula ukuba uhambo luya kuveliswa kuphela xa umfundi sele esazi kakuhle ulwimi ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngaphezulu

Esi sikolo sasendulo sifumaneke kwisixeko somfundi saseTurku kwaye silapha isiko lesibini elikhulu lemfundo. Abafundi abaninzi abaye bathetha ukufundisisa kwamanye amazwe bakhetha le yunivesithi, kuba iminyaka emininzi inkqubo zoqeqesho lwesiNgesi ziye zaphunyezwa ngempumelelo. Olunye uhlobo lwe-Academy kukuba ulwimi oluphambili lokufundisa apha ngesiSwidi. Yingakho i-Abo Academy idume kakhulu phakathi kwabafundi beScandinavia, abahamba ngendlela yokunyanzela ulwimi. Unyaka ngamnye, iyunivesithi yenza iindonga zayo malunga nabafundi bamazwe angama-600. Njengamanye amanyunivesithi aseFinland, Abo baqeqesha izilwanyana zabo mahhala.

Helsinki

Eliziko lezemfundo, elisekwe phakathi kwekhulu le-17, lithandwa kakhulu kwiYurophu. IYunivesithi yaseHelsinki inikezela abafundi bayo uqeqesho olubanzi kunye nekhosi yokufunda kwi- Bologna inkqubo. Phakathi kwabafundi abadumileyo kwiyunivesiti ngaba ngabaphathi abaningana beli lizwe, abaxhamli beNobel kunye nomdali weNkqubo yeLinux. Ekungeneni kwabangenayo bakhetha enye yeekhono ezilishumi elinanye (ngalinye elo liquka amasebe amaninzi). Kamva baya kuhlala kwikampus, apho ngaphandle kwehostele kukho iindawo zokutya, izakhiwo zezemidlalo, izikolo zesikolo kunye neendawo ezininzi zokuphumula. I-Library yeSizwe yaseFinland kunye neMyuziyamu yaseYunivesithi yiqhayiya likaHelsinki. Abafundi belizwe langaphandle bangaqala izifundo zabo emva kokudlulisa uviwo, ukuxoxisana kunye nokuthumela ileta yokukhuthaza. Akufanele lilibale ukuba ukhuphiswano lokungena apha luhlala lukhulu, kuba ulawulo luye lwajwayele ukusebenza kuphela nabafundi abafanelekileyo.

Aalto

Njengamanye amanyunivesithi aseFinland, iYunivesithi yaseAalto iqokelele iindidi ezahlukeneyo ngaphakathi kweendonga zayo. Lapha ungayifumana imfundo yomqambi, ube ngumyili wezakhiwo, ufunde ukulawula kwintsimi yezoshishino okanye uphawuleze ubugcisa obutsha. Abafundi abangaphezu kwamawaka angama-20 bafunde iyunivesithi, 11% abo bangaphandle. Abantu abaselula banomtsalane nethuba lokudibanisa imiyalelo eyahlukeneyo kunye nokusebenzisana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezesayensi. Abacebisi babo bakholelwa ukuba kuphela ngale ndlela kunokwenzeka ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha, eziyimfuneko kwiindawo zonke zomsebenzi.

KwiYunivesithi yaseMpuma Finland

Esi sikhulu esikhulu senzululwazi sibhekwa njengelona lihle kakhulu kweli lizwe. Apha, abafundi abayi-15 000 bafundela kunye nabafundi abayi-3000. I-UHF inikezela abafaki-zicelo ukuba bakhethe iindawo ezikhethekileyo eziyi-100, indawo eqhubekayo yokufunda imimandla kunye nezimo zokuphila ezikhululekile. Kuyathakazelisa ukuba leziko lemfundo livele kuphela ngo-2010, xa iYunivesithi yaseJoensuu ibumbene neYunivesithi yaseKuopio.

Isiphelo

Ukufunda ngaphesheya kwiphupha labafundi abaninzi baseRashiya nabazali babo. Ukuba unquma ukungena kwiyunivesiti yaseFinland, unokuvuyiswa ngokufanelekileyo. Okokuqala, uya kufumana imfundo esemgangathweni exabisekileyo kakhulu kwihlabathi lonke. Okwesibini, ungazigqiba ngokupheleleyo kwindawo elitsha yolwimi, ufunde iilwimi eziliqela okanye uphucule ulwazi olukhoyo. Enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo kukuba uya kuzifumana kwiimeko zobomi ezingafani nezeRashiya. Imvakalelo efanayo kunye neemeko zemozulu ezifanayo ziya kunceda ukuvumelanisa nobomi obutsha. Ukuba ungeze kwiziko lemfundo ekhululiwe ngasentla, kungekhona amanani aphakamileyo kunye nokufumana umsebenzi kwinkampani enhle, ke kukho umfanekiso okhangayo. Nangona kunjalo, musa ukulibala ukuba ukufumana imfundo eFinland akulula. Ukwenza oku, kuya kufuneka unyanzele iimviwo ezinzima kunoko, ubeke idiploma yesikolo esiphakamileyo ngamanqaku aphezulu kwaye ubonise ubungqina bakho bezimali. Kwakhona kufuneka ukwazi kakuhle isiNgesi okanye isiFinnish. Ukuba unabo bonke la maphepha nolwazi, ungathumela ngokuphepha ukhuphiswano kwiiyunivesithi oyithandayo.