Imbongi French Pol Elyuar: biography kunye nemisebenzi

Phakathi French iimbongi zenkulungwane yama-20 kukho abantu abaninzi abanetalente ngokwenene. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iziganeko zembali eYurophu "phantsi" imfuneko babantu ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye neencwadi mihla, iqela labantu zokudala bakwazi ukwenza zobugcisa omtsha, ekugqibeleni wafumana imvume phakathi kwabantu.

Enye bemeko- i "iincwadi omtsha" kwaba Pol Elyuar. Le mbongi yaye yathwaxwa ziintlekele ezininzi, kodwa akazange ayeke endleleni eya iinjongo zalo eziphambili - ukudala iimbono ezintsha ubomi kunye nokuphuculwa iintlobo zeelwimi. Odumileyo Pol Elyuar, apho wazalelwa, oko waphila, impumelelo yakhe yendalo neentsilelo zakho - zonke ezi kufuneka ukwazi fan iincwadi zakudala French.

kwiminyaka yokuqala imbongi

Eugène-Emile-Paul Grendel (alias Pol Elyuar) wazalwa ngoDisemba 14, 1895 e-Saint-Denis, France. Sele ngowe-1908, Bulelani kuBawo deal ngcono uPawulos, owathi obebandakanyeka izindlu, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Paris. Ngokubanzi, Grendel salunga bakwazi ukuthenga izindlu elungileyo kunye nokuzonwabisa, nangona abazange esisityebi kunene.

Eugène-Emile-Pol ros kid smart enamandla kakhulu. Yena akukho ngxaki ngokungenisa ephakamileyo lokuqala Academy, ufumana isiqinisekiso kunye nezikolo eziphakamileyo. Izicwangciso - ukuqhubekeka nemfundo yabo yaye umsebenzi omkhulu.

Kodwa elizayo inkathazo-free kujongela zempilo: ngo-1912, xa uhambo eSwitzerland, imbongi enkulu elizayo ukubona insufficiency yemiphunga, njl - isifo sephepha. Studies kwafuneka ukuba ahambe aze aye kweso sibhedlele, de kwangowe-1914. Kodwa nangona iingxaki zempilo, ixesha ityebile ngobulungisa, kunye Pol Elyuar idibana umfazi wakhe elizayo - Elena Dyakonov. Beautiful, ekrelekrele, intombazana smart njengoPawulos nhla.

Wakhawuleza ogqiba intliziyo uPawulos, yaye uqala ukubhala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Indlela umxelele xa imbongi imibongo yokuqala bazala boyish, oko kwabhalwa kakubi, kodwa sensually. Kwandule ke ukubakho lokuqala, enika Eluard ngeendleko zakhe.

"Gala", ebizwa Elenu Elyuar, kunyanzeleke ukuba aye eRashiya. Lovers ufuna ukutshata, kodwa unina Fields nxamnye ziyazuza. Kwixesha elizayo, oku kuya kuchaphazela imbongi mfazi, kwaye uya kuba Ndithelekelele engundoqo. Nangona kwindawo yokuqala usoloko ukusebenza ngomhla wesibini, wacinga Pol Elyuar - usapho. Amafoto ukuba aye alondolozwa kwaze namhlanje, zibonisa ukuba le ndawo yokuqala, ayibeka ngayo self-ukuqonda.

Imfazwe - ube liqonga elitsha bobuchule

Ngowe-1914, Eluard ukuhlanganisa ngaphambili. Kwiminyaka embalwa ngenxa yeengxaki zempilo, uPawulos kunyanzeleke ukuba "kuhlala" esibhedlele. Apho wadibana kuqala imfazwe "ubuso ngobuso", uqala ukuba ucinga ntoni ngobomi bakhe.

Ukuya ku-1917 Eluard yaye akafuni ukuya phambili. yimpilo kwenza kwaziwe, luncedo umkhosi, akanako njalo. Ngoko kukho imisebenzi yakhe entsha ezidibanisa amaphupha zobutsha nemfazwe rock nzima. Yavelisa nkqu kwincwadi encinane zemibongo "Duty", apho okokuqala esayinwe elabo Paul Eluard - ifani makhulu.

Phambi imbongi iwela iiveki ezimbalwa, apho kungenxa iimeko ezingekho mgangathweni ukuqala iingxaki zakhe zempilo. Le amava ngonaphakade zikufake kwimemori imbongi zamafama kunye naye. UPawulos wayesazi ukuba ixesha elitsha liyeza, waqonda ubomi umahluko wayelijoni emingxunyeni, kunye nejoni ekhaya.

Ixesha post-impi entsha

Ngowe-1917 wabuyela eFransi Gala noPawulos ithatha ekugqibeleni abe ngumfazi wakhe. Elena nezin nempi kwempefumlelo iphambili wembongi, umnika umnqweno ukuze baphile. Emva konyaka, usapho intombi uCécile noPawulos yakhupha ingqokelela "Imihobe loxolo."

Kwemfazwe France nezazi akaphefumleli ithemba. Abameli art okanye ingalungelelaniswa iziseko olutsha neentsingiselo ezithandwayo, okanye "into senkulungwane." Ulwimi nenkcubeko ngamaxesha baba esisemgangathweni, kwaye kukho imfuneko into entsha.

Dada ngemisebenzi Eluard

Kungekudala, Pol Elyuar, "azifumana ekuyo" phakathi kwamalungu oluntu, "Dada." baya kubakho abantu Ummiselo ezifanayo, abo banomdla kuphuhliso lwenkcubeko eFransi naseYurophu. Apho, imbongi enkulu elizayo akwazi ukufumana hayi abasenyongweni kuye abahlobo ngomoya, kodwa ukuze uqalise imifuniselo zoncwadi.

Kungekudala, uPawulos uqalisa eyakhe lowu ebizwa ngokuba "Umzekeliso" (Proverbe). Kukho ashicilelwe emininzi imisebenzi yakhe, kwakunye neminye imisebenzi Dadaists. Kodwa ubudlelwane kunye noogxa maxongo, iimbono zabo diverge, yaye ngowe-1924, uPawulos, emva balwa omnye amalungu eqela, nabaya kuyiphelisa imisebenzi yayo kwi "Dada", nangona uhlala ngungqondongqondo emva qela iminyaka emininzi.

Period art surreal

Ngowe-1924, ubomi Eluard uza band emnyama. iingxaki zosapho, iingxoxo nabazali, ukunqongophala "abahlobo" ekudalweni nempembelelo embi isimo wembongi, kwaye ugqiba ukuba aye Marseille. Emva kokupapashwa "Ukuze kufa ngenxa akafa," evele kungasali uxelele nabani na, nkqu yenyama yakhe ekufuphi, kuquka umfazi wakhe, bengakholwa ukuba ufile.

Kwisiqingatha sonyaka ohambahambayo ihlabathi, emva kokuba ileta umfazi wakhe Asia iza kunye Maksom Ernstom noPawulos emva ekhayeni lakhe ukufika nemelene "isidumbu" iqela le. Outlook pamphleteers owacinga kwemiYalezo ogqibeleleyo elizayo ubuchule, ezifana umbhali yazivula imida ezintsha imibongo yakhe iprozi.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iYurophu ukuba Pol Elyuar - Imbongi French, Andisafanele kubizwa ngokuba mkhulu. ubuntu bakhe waphefumlela abantu mbuso, isebenza yonke imihla ukuze sifumanise abalandeli ezintsha, kodwa uPawulos wafumana ngokwakhe iinkalo ezintsha, engaqhelekanga kunye engaqhelekanga zezakhono yakhe.

Love Triangle: Eluard, Gala ne Dali

AmaNgqina ngelo xesha bathi ubudlelwane kunye noPawulos kunye nomfazi wakhe engaqhelekanga. Bobabini beningabakhululekileyo kubo enye kwenye, kodwa kwangaxeshanye wahlala iminyaka emininzi kunye. Kuthiwa ukuba uPawulos Gala wada zatshintsha ekuhleni omnye komnye, kodwa ngaxeshanye, baye nentembeko kusapho lwabo.

Ngowe-1929, Gala noPawulos ukuya umhlobo omtsha imbongi - Salvador Dali. Pol Elyuar wayefuna ukuqalisa umfazi wakhe yingqondi, kungekho ingcamango yokuba nabaqheleneyo aya kujika abe nothando triangle. Iimvakalelo phakathi Dali kunye Galoy wabonakala phantse ngoko nangoko, yaye esi umfelandawonye elitsha aya kuba yinzuzo enkulu.

Pol Elyuar, nangona wadana yi ukuhamba umfazi wakhe, akukho enyundululu kunye nomsindo. Akwasala nje, waya ngeenxa uhambo ehlabathini. Kwixesha elizayo, Salvador Dali nokuba uzobe umzobo uPawulos simbulele "Ndithelekelele" lakhe elitsha. Kungekudala kuvela ukuba ngokwenene Gala Dali ukunceda ukuphuhlisa iitalente zabo kunye nobuchule ukufikelela phezulu.

Pol Elyuar, ogama ngobomi kwaye ngokunjalo wayezele kwexesha ezahlukeneyo embi, sasinda osahluleyo.

uthando New Eluard

UPawulos kudala ndasala ndedwa, yaye kungekudala indima "Muse eziphambili" ithatha UMariya Bents - ngumdanisi, imvumi kunye nombhali phantsi mbumbulu ye NSE. Engafani ukusuka Gala okrelekrele ukuthobeka kwakhe, elula nokuzola. Ngo Nush waba nxi entle nzima, nto leyo lwabonakala ukuziphatha kwakhe. Uzalelwe wakhulela kwintsapho eziphekuziweyo amagcisa, ukuze azi onke "ngamakhubalo" sobomi esitalatweni.

NSE wavula iinkalo ezintsha italente uPawulos, bazisa umsebenzi wakhe ingqiqo elitsha igama elithi "uthando." Kwiminyaka elide 16 Nush wahlala embindini umphefumlo yonke wembongi. Uthando uyafa xa ngequbuliso 1934 uyafa Nush kwelinye kwizitrato Paris.

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Kwanangaphambi Germany Nazi oqale umlo emkhosini, uPawulos sengqondo esibi ukuba urhulumente. Ngokwembono yakhe, kubalulekile ukugcina ukulingana sikarhulumente. Ngowe-1939 imbongi aluchaphazeleki phambili nxamnye Hitler.

Ngelo ngaphambili, wabhaqa na imiba emitsha kuphela ngetalente, ukukhupha iincwadi eziliqela imibongo ubuzwe kodwa wazibonakalisa ukuba ube komhlaba. Kangangeminyaka emininzi, umsebenzi engundoqo Fields yaba inkululeko yaseFransi ukusuka abahlaseli abuyisele uxolo kuloo ntsimi.

Ukususela ngo-1942, France waqala nokubulawa kwenqwaba amarhamente ulawulo lwamaKomanisi, yaye uPawulos waba lilungu Communist Party. Umnqweno ukubaleka baphume idyokhwe zwilakhe yaba enkulu ebomini imbongi, yaye lwabonakala amazwi. uncwadi Patriotic liye laba ubuso omtsha umsebenzi Paul Eluard, kunye France nethemba ukumkhulula. Pol Elyuar, umsebenzi wakhe kuphunyeziwe iinguqu ezininzi, wahlala kwimemori eFransi, ikakhulu njengokuba imbongi wotshitsho, umlweli wenkululeko.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Ukufa Nush nempembelelo yimbongi. Yena yedwa kweli hlabathi kwaye ningandifumani ngokwakho kuyo. Ngokuba ilanga waze wacinga ngokuzibulala. Imfazwe uphelile, neMuse wafa, uPawulos akazange afumane ngokwakhe kweli hlabathi. Iminyaka emininzi, imisebenzi yakhe bezaliswe buhlungu ngokunyanisekileyo kumda imivuyo wokuthand elungiselelwe amacandelo karhulumente yabo.

Uthando lwakhe lokugqibela - Dominica, wadibana nje phambi kokufa kwakhe. Ngowe-1952, xa ndandineminyaka engama-57, imbongi wabulawa yintliziyo. Pol Elyuar, iminyaka yobomi ezenzeke ngamaxesha nzima lizwe, bashiya ilifa elikhulu kwimbali France.

Pol Elyuar: izibakala umdla biography

• Emva kokufa imbongi eseluhambeni yokugqibela amkhapha amawaka abantu e Paris.

• Ngowe-1952, Eluard lwenziwa eMoscow kwi isikhumbuzo Viktora Gyugo.

• Ngowe-1952 waba uphumeleleyo iBhaso World of.

• De kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe uPawulos kwakuhambisana bakhe ex-umfazi, ngethemba lokuba yena uza kubuyela kuye. Ukuba, ngenxa yokuhlonipha wayesakuba ngumyeni wakhe, andiyi nditshate ukuya Dali de afe imbongi yakhe.

• Emva kokuba simazi uPicasso, uPawulos wabhala "Uloyiso of Guernica."

• Amaphetshana kunye umsebenzi Paul Edyuara okulahliweyo moya phezu Paris ngexesha Second World War.