Imbali ye-tshokoleta

Namhlanje ngamanye amaxesha sibiza i-tshokoleta ukutya koothixo. Kodwa enyanisweni, ngaphezu kwexesha elide leminyaka yobukho balo, ezininzi ziye zatshintsha. Ekuqaleni, kwakungeyona imveliso eqinile, kodwa isiselo. Wayengamnandi, kodwa utywala, unomsindo. Yaye ayikhange ishushu, kodwa ibanda. Iyintoni imbali yetshokolethi? Wayebonakala kangakanani?

Izizwe zakudala zaseNdiya: inkolo yetshokolethi

Ngaphambi kokuba ixesha lethu lihlala kwintsimi yaseMexico yanamhlanje, iintlanga zase-Olmec zaziziphi i-chocolate. Wayehlonishwa njengento yokusela izithixo. Iingcali ze-anthropologists zifumene ubungqina bokuthi ii-cocoa ii-bean zakhulile njengeziqhamo ezincedo ngokukhawuleza ngo-1900 BC. Baye bomekile baze batyhidiwe, baze baxutywe kunye nepili kunye neziqholo ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye nesiphunga esiphunga elimnandi.

Ama-Olmec, amaMaya namaAztec yakudala afumanisa ukuba i-tsholetele ayimnandi nje ekunambeni, inokuphucula umoya, kwaye, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, inempahla ye-aphrodisiac. Ngoko ke, unikwe izakhiwo eziyimpawu. Ngandlela-thile, le mveliso iye yaba yinto yokunqula, kuba iintlanga zaseMerika zakudala zasihlonela oothixo weCacao. Isiselo esivumbayo ngaloo mihla sasingekho kuwo wonke umntu, ngaphandle kweyodwa, kumntu: yayisetyenziselwa kwimikhosi ekhethekileyo, kwaye kuphela ababingeleli kunye neenkulu ziyakwazi ukunambitha.

Kwinkulungwane ye-XV, iimbotyi ze-cocoa zaba luhlobo lwemali. Zasetyenziswa ngamaAztec kunye namaMaya ukuba athengise. Ngokomzekelo, iiyunithi ezili-100 unokuthenga inkukhu ephilayo.

Ngokweminye imithombo, ngekhulu le-16, uMlawuli waseAztec Montezuma wayelitha iititha ezintathu ze-tsholeji ngosuku ukuze akhulise i-libido yakhe.

1500s: ukubonakala kwetshokolethi eYurophu

Ndiyabulela umnqobi waseSpain u-Ernan Cortes, iimbotyi ze-cocoa zaziswa eYurophu. Umnqoli obalaseleyo wayekhangela igolide nesiliva kwii-expanses zaseMexico, waza wafumana ubutyebi obuthile, awamxabisa abantu basekhaya.

E-Spain, iresiphi yokulungiselela isiselo ishintshile. Iipilisi ze-Chili zisuka kwiisithako, zitshintshelwa ngobusi kunye ne-vanilla. KwakuyiSpeyin eyaqala ukufudumala isiselo. Yaye nangona i-tshokoleta yayihluke, iyancwina, isalokhu ingumzekelo wokuqala wokunethezeka kunye nobutyebi.

Ukulwa kwehlabathi

Kwimizuzu emininzi ityhokolethi eshushu yahlala isiselo saseSpain kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, uzuko lwayo lwasasazeka. Ngo-1615 intombi yeNkosi yaseSpeyin uFilipu III yatshata noLouis XIII. Ngoko isiselo sakhe esiyintandokazi safika eFransi, apho wafumana udumo waza wafumana udumo lwabahlali bendawo.

EJamani, eFransi, e-Austria naseSwitzerland zavuleka amaziko akhethekileyo, apho iindwendwe zanikwa i-tshocolate. Imfuno yezinto eziluhlaza zakhula, ngoko ukuveliswa kweembotyi kwakusungulwa kwi-Central America. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa kwesi sifo kulo mhlaba, amakhoboka ngokukhethekileyo azisa iAfrika evela eAfrika ayesebenza kwiindawo zokutyela i-cocoa.

Ukubonakala kwhokolethi eqinile

Ikhekhelethi yahlala isiselo esiyintandokazi sabafundi kude kube ngu-1828. Emva koko umakhemikhali waseHolland, uKonrad van Guten, waqulunqa umshicileli okhethekileyo apho ubhontshisi obukiweyo buya kuguqulwa zibe yi-powder. Ngelo xesha, i-bhotile ye-cocoa yahlukana. Ngoncedo lwayo lwalukwazi ukufumana ukuqina kotshokolethi.

Le nto yavula ixesha elitsha kwimbali yemveliso ethandwa ngabaninzi. Ngombulelo kwindlela entsha yokucubungula, iindleko zemveliso zancitshiswa, kwaye oku kwavumela ukusebenzisa i-tshokoleta ekuphekeni. Kancinci yaba yinto eninzi, ayifumanekanga kuphela kubazityebi.

Ngowe-1847, inkampani yaseBrithani iJS Fry & Sons yakhipha ibhayilethi yokuqala eqinile. Kwakuquka i-cocoa powder, ibhotela kunye noshukela. URudolf Lindt ngo-1879 wakhuphula umveliso. Waqulunqa umshishini okhethekileyo wokudibanisa, owamvumela ukuba unike ubukhulu obuhle buhlobo oluthile olufanelekileyo.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabini kwakukho iziganeko zokuthengisa eziyaziwayo "Mars", "Cadbury" kunye ne "Hershey". Baye baqulunqa imveliso yeetroleta, ezithandwa ngabantu abaninzi. Kwaye ezi nkampani zikhoyo namhlanje, ezixhasa izithethe ezingcono.

Ngaba wayesazi ukuba unyaka ngamnye kwilizwe uchithe i-$ 75 yezigidi kwiphokoleti?