Imbali kunye neempawu Welsh

ulwimi Welsh - enye eempendulo qela Celtic Brythonic. Oku ikakhulu kusiwa kwinxalenye esentshona ulawulo UK, oko kukuthi, eWales, apho intetho iqeshe abantu malunga 659.000.

Imbali ukuvela kunye nophuhliso

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba olu lwimi waqalisa kuvela ukususela ngenkulungwane VI kwaye yaba isiseko zamaNgesi. Igama layo livela kwigama Walha, elithetha "omnye intetho." Isikolo wokuqala ukufundisa Welsh yasekwa Aberystwyth ngo-1939. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, oko kwavula izikolo ezingaphezu kwama-500, apho imfundiso lwenziwa ngokupheleleyo Cymric (ngoko ke ubizwa ngokuba eendaba ngokwazo).

Le mizekelo yokuqala zoncwadi, ezisetyenziswa ekubhaleni ulwimi Welsh ingabizwa imibongo Taliesin kunye poemu "gododdin" Aneirin umbhali uchaze elithathe iminyaka eyi-600 phakathi Northumbrians kunye Celtic. Umhla ngqo nokurekhodwa ezi zenzo akwaziwa ukuba nabani na. De kube mzuzu imbonakalo zonke izenzo zabo boncwadi ezifumaneka kweli lizwe, babebhalwa Latin.

ezahlukeneyo yokusebenzisa

Ethetha Cymric yanamhlanje ngengqiqo ebanzi, kuyimfuneko ukuba yahlulahlulwe yaba iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili: i oluthethwayo boncwadi. Le ukhetho lokuqala isetyenziswa kwintetho yemihla ngemihla sikweni, uya ngokuya eyathi yaqulunqa ngcono phantsi nemigangatho yehlabathi lanamhlanje. Utshintsho kakhulu kwenzeka Lexicon: yokuduka amazwi ebonisa izinto ezisetyenziswa ayisekho, kwaye, phezu koko, ukufika, amabinzana ezintsha ngezihloko ezibalulekileyo.

ulimi Welsh ezisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezisesikweni kunye namaxwebhu asemthethweni. Uhlala likufutshane inguqulelo yeBhayibhile ngo-1588.

Ukuhambisana

Welsh neze ufile, ngenxa yokuba kule mihla kukho inani lamajelo TV kunye nezikhululo kanomathotholo yokusasaza Welsh i ngokupheleleyo okanye ubukhulu becala. Ukongeza, eli lizwe kuphume iincwadi ngeveki nangenyanga, kwaye yapapashwa iincwadi malunga 500 ngonyaka. Abantwana abaneminyaka eyi-5 ukuya ku-16 ukufunda Welsh IsiNgesi ezikolweni njengoko eziphambili kulo lonke isifundo.

Ngowe-2001, emva kokuba ubalo zibonise ukuhla inani abahlali abakwaziyo ukuthetha Welsh, ulwimi kwayekwa cebiso. Endaweni yoko, ukuba isithuba yoMkomishinala ulwimi Welsh. umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuba igalelo lixhaphakile Welsh. Imisebenzi woMkomishinala kuxhomekeke kwimigaqo emibini:

• State Welsh ulwimi kufuneka iimeko kwinqanaba nokusebenza IsiNgesi;
• ubukho kwezibonelelo osasazo Welsh, eza kusetyenziswa labemi, ukuba oyifunayo.

Okokuqala indawo ahlala M. Hughes, owaba ngaphambili usekela mlawuli weBhodi yeeLwimi. Emva konyaka, iNdibano yesiZwe wadlula umthetho ekuthi ngawo leziko kufunwa ukuba zisebenze kuphela ngo-IsiNgesi kodwa Welsh.

Inani labantu abathetha

Ngenkulungwane yokuqala XX, isiqingatha sabantu sebenzisa ulwimi Welsh kunxibelelwano yemihla ngemihla, yaye ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane inani abathwali lancipha ukuya-20%. Le ubalo ngo-2001 lwabonisa-manani ilandelayo: Abantu 582.368 bayakwazi in Welsh kuphela ukunxibelelana, kodwa abantu 659.301. zinokuqondwa Welsh kwaye bayisebenzise ngolwimi oluthethwayo nolubhalwayo. Malunga 130.000 izithuthi kuhlala UK, isiqingatha leyo ohlala Greater London. Iinkcukacha-manani ngo-2004 zabonisa ukuba inani labantu abathetha ulwimi karhulumente, liye landa nge ngamawaka-35. Man.

Lwesigodi ne-aksenti

Nangona isibakala sokuba eNgilani, eWales, Ireland kunye eSkotlani bayinxalenye uRhulumente enye, iilwimi zabo ezisemthethweni kwahluka enye kwenye. Makhe siye kwi iinketho sebenzisa ulwimi Welsh. ulimi uye iziyelelane ezininzi ezahlukeneyo njengoko wathethayo. Oku kungenxa yokuba imihla isetyenziswa kakhulu ngakumbi rhoqo ngaphezu esesikweni, ngokulandelelanayo, ukuphuhlisa inxalenye, leyo esetyenziselwa ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, ngolwimi boncwadi zotshintsho ezibalulekileyo mbaleko.

nezendawo zithethwa yahlulwe akumzantsi wasentla. Umahluko phakathi kwabo zigqitywa igrama, isigama kunye nendlela abizwa ngayo. Ngokomzekelo, iziyelelane toothfish Welsh, apho lasekwa ngo-1865 emva kokuba abantu Welsh bafudukela eArgentina. Le isihlomelo waboleka amagama amaninzi Spanish ebonisa iimpawu zasekuhlaleni.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Cymric - a self eqhelekileyo kuthi ilizwi "Welsh", nto leyo iyalila elithi Cymru (Wales), ufundwe "kemri". Lingcwaba lomfo usapho yaseYurophu Indo-, inkqubo unobumba we-alfabhethi - Latin. Abantu abathetha Welsh, lungafumaneka kwamanye kwimimandla amazwe afana Argentina (Patagonia lithanga), eUnited States, eKhanada, Scotland, New Zealand, Australia ne England. Wales nayo indawo apho ulwimi iwonga olusemthethweni.

Isiseko le ncwadi yaba oonobumba Latin, inani oonobumba ilingana apho 28 Letter J busetyenziswa kakhulu amaNorse IsiNgesi: garej, jam, njl Izandi Cymric na Nedlac iilwimi zaseYurophu, umzekelo sonants abangevayo ... Ke kwamagama, amagama polysyllabic eziwa kwi lwegama kokugqibela.

Subject - isenzi - kugcwalisa - le yinkqubo inyanzelekile ukuba izigaba zentetho kwisivakalisi. iintlobo Preverbal yezenzi kunye amasuntswana zisetyenziswa endaweni izimelabiso amagatya ayamileyo.

Welsh IsiNgesi uye dvadtsatirichnuyu inkqubo ukubala, oko kukuthi, inani 40 kunye igama Welsh ukuba igama Russian iguqulelwe ngokuthi "amabini amaxesha amabini", kunye, umzekelo, 39 iba "ezilishumi elinethoba mabini-plus." Olu hlobo becala lisetyenziswa ukubhekisela ngonaphakade kunye nomhla, inkqubo eqhelekileyo lokugqibela lisetyenziswa kwezinye iimeko.