Iintlobo zabemi abafudukayo: ukuhlenga, izizathu

Ukususela ngonyaka ukuya kubemi abantu belizwe bazaliswa okanye bahla ngenxa yeenkqubo zokufuduka. Ukufuduka kwenziwa ngezizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo, phakathi kweyiphi indima ehamba phambili edlalwa ngokungazinzi kwezoqoqosho. Iinkqubo zokufuduka zingahlelwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kuxhomekeka kwimilo yabo, izizathu kunye nobukhulu.

Ingcamango yokufuduka. Iintlobo zokufuduka

Ukufuduka koluntu kuthiwa utshintsho lokuhlala, uhamba ukusuka kwidolophu enye ukuya kwelinye ilizwe. Kule ngqiqo kunokwenzeka ukuquka ukuhamba ngaphakathi kwidolophini / idolophu ngokwayo, nangona le nto isele ingcaciso encinci, engasetyenziswa kangako.

Ukufuduka njengenkqubo yendalo kubangela kakhulu ubomi bombuso. Iinkqubo zokufuduka zinikwa indima ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni kwabemi belizwe. Uqoqosho luye lwachaphazela ukunyuka kwabantu ukusuka kwelinye ilizwe ukuya kwelinye, kwaye le mpe mbelelo inokubili kwaye ilungile.

Iintlobo zokufuduka kwabantu zihlukile. Ukwahlula iinkqubo zokufuduka kuxhomekeke kubukhulu, ifomu, izizathu zokubuyisela indawo. Ngokomzekelo, ngohlobo lwemida ewela, ukufuduka kwangaphandle nokungaphakathi kuhlulwe , kwaye ngumgangatho wezomthetho - ongekho mthethweni kunye nomthetho.

Ukwahlulelwa kokufuduka ngexesha

Ngokuxhomekeke kubude bokuhlala kwabafuduki kumazwe angaphandle, iindidi ezilandelayo zokufuduka ziyahluka:

1. Ohlala rhoqo.

2. Ixeshana.

3. Ixesha lexesha.

4. I-pendulum.

5. Iipasisodi.

Ingumcimbi wokufuduka okungenakuguquka, xa umntu ehleli ngonaphakade ehlala kwelinye ilizwe. Oku kungabangelwa zizizathu ezahlukileyo, kwaye ngokukhawuleza kuhambisane nokutshintsha kobemi.

Ukufuduka kwesikhashana kungenzeka ngenxa yeentlekele zemvelo okanye ngenxa yokuba kufuneka ukuba ushiye ixesha elide ukufumana abahlobo okanye izalamane. Olu hlobo lokuhlala kabusha lubonakaliswa ixesha elide lokuhlala kumazwe angaphandle, kodwa emva kwexesha elimiselweyo umntu ubuyela ekhaya.

Ukufuduka kwexesha lonyaka kungabangelwa kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi ngexesha lokuvuna, ukuloba okusebenzayo. Oku kubandakanya ukuhambela kwiindawo ezingcwele, kunye ne-nomadism ngexesha elihle kakhulu kulo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha lokufuduka okunjalo lixhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka.

Ngamanye amaxesha umntu uwela umda imihla ngemihla ngokumalunga nokuya kwiiseshoni zoqeqesho okanye emsebenzini. Oku kunokwenzeka kwimida yomda kwaye iyaqhelekileyo kwimimandla ethile. Ezi zifudukayo.

Ukufudukela kwamagqabantshintshi kunokuthiwa ngokukhawuleza, kuba Abaxhomekeke kuzo naziphi na izizathu kunye nexesha. Oku kungenziwa uhambo oluqhelekileyo lokutyelela okanye uhambo loshishino.

Ukufudukela ngokuxhomekeke kwimida ewela

Iinkqubo zokufuduka zingenziwa phakathi kokubili nakumazwe ngokwawo. Ukuba sithetha malunga nokuwela umda, ke iingcamango zabafuduki kunye nabafuduki zikhethwe. Abafuduki bashiya ilizwe labo, kwaye abafuduki, ngokuchasene, baya. Umlinganiselo weendidi ezimbini zabafuduki unokuba nomphumo omkhulu kwiindawo zemimandla ngamnye kunye nelizwe lonke.

Ukufudukela kweli lizwe kubonakaliswe utshintsho lokuhlala kunye nokuhlala kabusha kwenye indawo. Omnye unokukwazi ukukhetha ezi zilandelayo iintlobo zokufuduka: ilali-dolophu, idolophana-dolophu, idolophu-dolophu.

Ingundoqo yokwahlula iinkqubo zokufuduka

Iintlobo zokufuduka zinemiqathango. I-Systematics inokuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezininzi, ezinokubaluleka zombini kwaye zingabalulekanga. Indima ekhethekileyo yokuhlelwa kwidala idlalwa yiengxaki zokufuduka, ngoncedo apho kunokwenzeka ukuba kulungelelaniswe kwaye emva koko zixazulule iziganeko ezisisiseko nakuphi na ixesha lokufuduka.

Ukufuduka Kwezabasebenzi

Iinkqubo zokufuduka zingabangelwa yizoqoqosho, ezopolitiko, zonqulo okanye izizathu zempi. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwezi ziqoqosho. Oku kubandakanya ukufuduka kwabasebenzi: ukukhangela umsebenzi, ukuhamba kwezoshishino, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi ngamaxesha athile omnyaka.

Ukufudukela kwezabasebenzi kuchaphazela kakhulu imeko yezoqoqosho yelizwe. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho ukunqongophala kweengcali kwilizwe elithile, kunokunyengisa abo bavela kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yoko, inani lale ngcali landa okanye linciphisa.

Ukungabikho kwemali kubangelwa abantu abavela kwiidolophana nakwiidolophana ukuba baye kwiindawo eziphuculweyo. Yile ndlela ukuhlala kwimizi-mhlaba eyenzekayo - ukwanda kwenani labantu kwizixeko. Ngelo xesha, inani lemisebenzi lingahle linciphise, ekugqibeleni likhokelela kwingqesho.

Xa kuziwa ekufudukeni kwabasebenzi, banikezela ngokusemthethweni nokufuduka komthetho ngaphandle. Ukufuduka kwezomthetho kuhlala kugqityiweyo, esiqinisekisiweyo somqeshwa onokuhlala ngexesha lokuhlala kwelinye ilizwe. Nangona kunjalo, kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kukho ukwanda kwimizila yabantu abafudukayo. Oku akusongela kuphela uqoqosho lwaseburhulumenteni, kodwa kunye nobomi babantu ngokwabo: amatyala obukhoboka, ukungahlawulwa kwemali emsebenzini, njl.

Ukufuduka kwabantu baseYurophu

Abantu bathuthela emazweni okufudukayo ekukhangekeleni umthombo ophezulu wemali engenayo, indawo yokuhlala epholileyo okanye imfundo. Le nkqubo ifana neYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, ukususela ngo-2015, bekukho umendo wokubuyisela abantu abasemaphandleni abavela kumazwe ase-Afrika nase-Asia ngenxa yeemfazwe kwilizwe labo. Abafudukayo bafuna iYurophu kwaye bawela khona ngeGrisi, ngeenani elincinci - ngeSpain naseItali.

Le nkqubo inobungozi ngenxa yokwanda kwenani labantu kumazwe amaninzi, kunye nomngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula, ukubulala, udlwengulo. Inani lemisebenzi liyancitshiswa. Ininzi yababaleki ngabafazi nabantwana abafumana uncedo loqoqosho. Oku kuluhlu oluqinileyo kubhajethi karhulumente, oku kungakhokelela kwingxaki.

Ukufudukela eYurophu yinkathazo enkulu kwinani elikhulu lamazwe. Kubalulekile ukufumana indlela yokuphuma kwiimeko ezinjalo, kungenjalo kukho umngcipheko woxolo lwabantu bamazwe kwimigaqo yobuhlanga kunye nezoqoqosho.

Izizathu kunye nemiphumo yokufuduka

Abantu babona kwamanye amazwe amathuba omsebenzi nokufundisisa. Umvuzo ophezulu, onokukhangela ukukhula komsebenzi, unqwenela umntu ngaphandle. Amanyunivesithi amaninzi aphakamileyo angaphandle awanikezela iinkqubo zokutshintshana kwabafundi, ngoko abantu abatsha bavame ukuya khona.

Iintlobo zokufuduka koluntu zingahluka. Ngako oko, isizathu sokutshintsha indawo yokuhlala kungaba yimeko engaqinisekanga kwilizwe, kubandakanywa iimfazwe okanye enye inkathazo. Kwakhona abafudukayo bashiya ilizwe labo ngenxa yokungafanelanga izimo zemozulu, iintlekele zemvelo kunye nezinye izinto ezingekho phantsi kwemvelo.

Ngenxa yoko iingxaki zokufuduka apho naluphi na urhulumente uzama ukulwa. Ukuba ngaba ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe, urhulumente ulawula umvuzo kunye nenani lemisebenzi, uncedo lwezezimali. Ukuba oku kuphuma kubemi belizwe, iinzame zenzelwa ukutsala iingcali ezivela kwamanye amazwe, umgaqo-nkqubo wabantu ujolise ukukhuthaza ukukhula koluntu.