Boleslaw Prus, "uFaro": imbali yendalo yenoveli, iingxaki, kunye nesishwankathelo neempendulo

NgoMeyi 1895 yena kugqitywe umsebenzi kwi inoveli entsha abadumile umbhali Polish Boleslaw Prus. "UFaro" - ukuba isihloko sencwadi kuhlala ethandwayo namhlanje.

Imvelaphi ukubhala inoveli

XIX ikhulu na ixesha engcono Poland. Ekuncipheni inkcubeko, ukuzama ukuvala ulwimi Polish, ingxaki abalimi kunye nabasebenzi, iirhafu eqolo, urhwaphilizo kunye nemithetho lixesha - konke oku kwathintela Rzeczpospolita kwakhona kuba unamandla amakhulu.

A kumnombo abahlwempuzekileyo iindwalutho uhlobo Boleslaw Prus ngexesha olulodwa ekuqapheleni imisebenzi, awasimisayo imiba lemini. Ngoko ke, abaninzi bamangaliswa ukuba nokuchuma kwawo, wabhala incwadi malunga "uFaro" Egypt yamandulo.

Roman Boleslaw Prus kubonelelwa ngamanye amaxwebhu yenene yembali, ukuvelisa ingqiqo kwexesha. Ukufunda malunga iingxaki eYiputa mandulo, abaninzi bebengazi ukuba umbhali wasisebenzisa wazenza yokuhlolwa iingxaki zentlalo Poland owayephila phantsi ngesebe yelizwe kwenkulungwane koFaro XI. BC

Ekuqaleni le noveli yapapashwa magazini "Illustrated Weekly". Kodwa kwiminyaka 2 kamva wabakhululela uhlelo elahlukileyo "UFaro" (book). Boleslaw Prus (isishwankathelo enikezela ngemveliso yobhalo lwakhe kweli nqaku) wayesebenza kwi inoveli ngonyaka (1895-1896).

indaba

Eli bali liqala nesibakala sokuba ngumlawuli waseYiputa uthi unyana wakhe kaRamses yindlalifa. ulutsha engamashumi amabini anesibini abasele izicwangciso njengoko ukuvuselela uzuko yangaphambili yesizwe. nembangi kwakhe lo mfana ufumana Herhor enamandla, nto leyo uyise kuphela imfazwe umlungiseleli kaThixo, kodwa ke umbingeleli oyintloko wendlu Amun.

Badidekile ngamayelenqe coil kunye predatelstv, isikhulu oselula iYiputa yeyela umYuda uSara elula. Ngokwahlukileyo isiko, enze neshweshwe layo lokuqala.

Kungekudala uSara uzala unyana Network, kodwa kaRamses ayesele yalahleka umdla kulo, njengoko owayo uthandana wayengumbingelelikazi uthixokazi uAshtoreti Kama.

Prince lwaya wasebenzisa ngamaFenike, amaYiputa ezama ukunyanzela ukuba kulwa nama-Asiriya. Kamva, zinceda ukuba bambambe kaRamses Kama. Loo nto nje obu budlelwane ukuze umntu onwabe hero: uthando olutsha ezinikezelwa wayevele yokuzingca. Loo nto iya kufuna ukuba uSara kunye web baye bagxothwa ebhotwe. Xa oku kungafezekiswa, Cam wathumela nesithandwa sakhe ukubulala Likoni Network.

Emva kokufa, unyana wakhe, iNkosana laseYiputa ulahlekelwa uyise yaye uba uFaro. Kuninisela kuye zonke iingxaki zeli lizwe. Phezu kwazo oliqhophololo bababingeleli, kunye novimba engenanto, kaRamses ukumelana kakuhle ekuqaleni. Kodwa ke ukunqongophala nokoyika imali yenza naye ngasese elungiselela ukuhlasela ababingeleli yobuncwane, isicwangciso, yaye ngaloo ndlela egcwalisa eYiputa, ukuze bazisunduze abasemagunyeni ukhuphiswano.

Kodwa Herhor ilawula ukuze siphumelele kuFaro, iyime abantu banithiya ngumlawuli wabo. Kamva otyalwe ku kaRamses Likon yayibulala, uFaro yena ukuba abe ngumbingeleli, batshata unina kaRamses queen Nitocris. Yena lugxile amandla omoya kwaye nezenyama ezandleni zabo.

Ukusebenzisa nobuncwane ababingeleli Herhor okuphuchula lizwe, wenza uxolo kunye nabamelwane balo, ogcina ilizwe laseYiputa, kwaye kusebenzise iingcamango ezininzi kaRamses. Uba ngunozala indlu entsha abalawuli laseYiputa nelizwe ubuyela isesebuqaqawulini bayo bokuqala.

aku-

Embindini kwinoveli, owabhala Boleslaw Prus - uFaro kaRamses XIII. Yena i idealist yothando, leyo, senze iimeko ezimaxongo, musa ukunikezela. Le hero alimwi ezintle, kodwa luswele amava kwezopolitiko nobulumko.

Xa uthando kaRamses ezingazinzanga - etsala isiqhamo esalelweyo. KuSara akandithandi ngenxa imvelaphi yayo, kunye Kama - ukusuka kwinto yokuba yena wayengumfundisi. Noko ke, lo mfana kambe akazange akwazi ukufumana abafazi ababini, akuba ukoyisa zonke iingxaki, kodwa ndaphulukana umdla kuye. Uthando lokugqibela hero waba ngumfazi kubathetheli Guards Thutmose eHebron. Waye kuye isiqhamo esalelweyo, kodwa akazange abe nexesha ukufumana ndidikwe, ngokuba uTshawe yabulawa ngaphambili.

KaRamses imbangi - uMbingeleli Herhor. Yena kabini njengoko amakhwenkwe ubudala nangaphezulu ngeendlela ezingaqondakaliyo in ngamayelenqe. Nawuphi na umbingeleli rhuthu ilahleko yakhe uloyiso. Nangona eli nani lelikhabayo, ekugqibeleni yena lowo uzisa uxolo nempumelelo eYiputa. Kubafundi kwakhokelela kwesi sigqibo Boleslaw Prus: uFaro, kungakhathaliseki imvelaphi, kufuneka sezopolitiko nako, kunokuba Amabhongo mphuphi.

abalinganiswa ababhinqileyo kwinoveli zibhalisiwe buthathaka kwaye abe yangasemva. Sarah - a kaRamses umfazi emyoli onothando bafeza uhlala ethembekile kuye de afe. Nangona naivety, le ntombazana ngamanye amaxesha niziingqondi inganga; ke ngenxa nezokungabi nazinjongo kunye nonyana wakhe uba ixhoba oliqhophololo.

Kama, ku abaphikisa uSara, uyakwazi ukubaluleka kwakhe. Ekubeni bahlula indlalifa, uzama ukufumana amandla. Iqhutywa ngamabhongo walo, yena ubeka nenqala kaRamses, yaye emva kokuba lixhoba nababingeleli ukuziphindezela.

iingxaki

Kuba ngexesha layo oko inkqubela kakhulu "uFaro" (book). Boleslaw Prus emsebenzini wakhe ugxeka ukumkani njenge nkqubo karhulumente. Kwakuba nesibindi kakhulu, kuba ngo-1895 uninzi ihlabathi yayilawulwa ngookumkani, yaye bambalwa bakholwa ukuba izinto ziza kutshintsha.

Njengoko kumnombo igosa lakomkhulu wonakele, abathe baphumelela udumo nemali kunye nomsebenzi wabo, wayesazi lukhulu malunga imikhwa aziingangamsha Boleslaw Prus. "UFaro" ibali lobomi kaRamses ibonisa njengoko babenjalo ubaleka iingxaki zabantu ookumkani babo. Ngenxa ophambili yajika-nye umlawuli. Ukuze ube odumileyo, wayezama ukuba uwarhuqe na ilizwe ibe imfazwe wamagazi.

ngokwenene kaRamses waqala eYiputa, imfazwe yamakhaya, ukuba imali evela kubabingeleli. Ngoxa inkosana, walawula Lower eYiputa, kodwa ukuva izikhalazo engapheliyo ngokukhawuleza udiniwe uFaro elizayo. Ukongeza, wayesoloko ingqalelo yena ngaphezu komthetho. Ukuze ufumane abafazi ezinqwenelekayo, ngokulula kaRamses kumosha iziseko ubudala ubudala kunye nemithetho.

Ukongeza ukumkani, wagxeka kwinoveli kunye nabefundisi Boleslaw Prus. "UFaro" ikwachaza elibi malunga ababingeleli. Bona aboniswa amaqhetseba inobujorha, athi phithi ngamandla nobutyebi. Ngumzali sesokugqibela: sneaky Herhor, waba uFaro irhuluneli ilungileyo ngaphezu kaRamses amanene.

Ukongeza nemiba ebalulekileyo yehlabathi jikelele, Prus umsebenzi wakhe ubonisa nentlekele ngamnye. Ophambili awukwazi ukufumana indawo yazo nokuba iingalo yabafazi, nawuphi na inkolo okanye ezopolitiko.

Boleslaw Prus "uFaro": ncomo

Kungekudala emva kokupapashwa inoveli ifumene impumelelo enkulu. Kwaye ke leminyaka XX emva iziganeko yotshintsho olululo. Kuye kungxamiseke ngakumbi kunanini na ngaphambili.

"UFaro" kuquka ukubhabha zibhetele zokuhlaziya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX., Yaye kwinkulungwane XX. Nakuko nenkulungwane entsha. Ngaphandle kwezinye ezingachanekanga zembali, abafundi kulo lonke ihlabathi cinga imveliso Prus enye imifanekiso ilungileyo ubomi waseYiputa yamandulo.

ukuhlolwa

Ngomhla engama-70 ukususela ukubhalwa izibonda kwinoveli wagqiba ukuze ithathe kuyo. Ngowe-1966 kwafika eponymous umboniso. Wajika okuphambili, apho lowo ukhethwe "Oscar". Hi ndlela leyi, indima ayidlalileyo kukhubazeko umboniso Kama Polish actress uBarbara Brylska ezaziwayo kubaphulaphuli Russian ukuba umboniso "loMbhiyozi IliShwa."

imveliso nganye njalo lihlaleni uvavanyo yexesha: esiyibona kule minyaka, angalahlekelwa ukufaneleka. Boleslaw Prus inoveli "uFaro" sele udlule olu vavanyo ngempumelelo yaye emva kweminyaka emalunga 120, uyaqhubeka ukubangela abafundi ehlabathini jikelele.