Jikelele Pedagogy - yintoni na le nto? Imisebenzi ye pedagogy jikelele

Uqeqesho kwi imithetho elawula imfundo womntu, ephuhlisa ngoqeqesho kunye nenkqubo yezemfundo kumaziko emfundo kuzo zonke iintlobo - pedagogy jikelele. Le mfundo kuyanceda ukufumana ulwazi inzululwazi esisiseko yoluntu, yendalo, womntu. Ngokusebenzisa pedagogy njengendlela yokuziqeqesha kwakhiwa inqubo kunye nokuphuhlisa izakhono ulwazi, iba iipateni kucacile kwiinkqubo zehlabathi, izakhono ezifunyenwe njengoko yabasebenzi kunye noqeqesho, ezo eziyimfuneko ukuze wonke. pedagogy jikelele - yeyona nto enkulu ukuba kuthengwe ezahlukeneyo lwezakhono zeprakhtikhali. Yindlela yeengcingane Sciences zokufundisa, nto leyo uphonononga ulwazi zokufundisa, imisebenzi kunye neendlela, nangezenzo. Ukongeza, iindawo leyo phakathi kwezinye iisayensi iquka pedagogy jikelele. Oku kubalulekile ukuze izifundo ezininzi ziya kuqalisa kunye nesihloko. Okokuqala, ukuchaza indima, ukubaluleka kunye nentsebenziswano kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi kufuneka ukwahlula phakathi pedagogy ithiyori kwaye isicelo.

Kumacandelo amazinga

Phantsi kwe pedagogy jikelele yahlulwe yangamacandelo amane ezinkulu, iyileyo iye ngoku ube isebe elizimeleyo ulwazi.

1. iziseko jikelele.
2. Ukufunda theory (didactics).
3. Theory of imfundo.
4. ulawulo School.

Icandelo ngalinye zingajongwa kumanqanaba amabini - ithiyori kwaye isicelo. pedagogy Jikelele - kukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, ulwazi lwezenzululwazi, olusekelwe phezu systematization kunye nokwahlulwa ngezibakala eziyimfuneko kunye kwinkcazelo ubudlelwane injongo phakathi kwabo. Ukufunxa ulwazi olutsha kakhulu lula inikwa ukusetyenziswa kwenkcazelo sele ifumene ukuba ifunyenwe hayi kuphela pedagogy eklasini, kodwa iindidi nezinye izinto. iziseko jikelele pedagogy ukwazisa umfundi ukuba undoqo yesayensi, apho kuyimfuneko ukuchonga unxulumano kunye neepatheni, nto leyo efunekayo ukuze systematization kwezi zibakala efuna uviwo. Ngokubonakalayo ukwandisa inqanaba erudition, ukuba umntu othatha ilifa concepts kwenkqubo. Oko kukuthi, ezi ulwazi kunye nezakhono, badlule isakhelo jikelele ukuba imfundo.

Inxalenye yale ingqeqesho candelo theoretical component - didactics, ebonisa indlela nokwenziwa kwezinto, oko kukuthi, ingcamango pedagogy jikelele. Kunye nomthamo kuchaziwe kuyo, yaye isakhiwo ikhosi nganye, uqala yaye kuphucula iintlobo zeziko kunye neendlela inkqubo yokufunda yonke. Theory of imfundo - le pedagogy jikelele, ukufunda iinkqubo zophuhliso ubuntu, ukuyilwa iinkolelo, uhlahlelo kunye neembono zemfundo nganye ubudlelwane ngamnye kunye nabanye abantu. Theory of imfundo iqulethe iindlela zokusebenza nabantu iziphiwo ezahlukeneyo yengqondo, ibonwa volitional, ngeempawu, izisusa nomdla. Imfundo iza kwiindawo ezintandathu: emzimbeni, abasebenzi, ubuhle, yokuziphatha, ezomthetho nasengqondweni.

Age pedagogy

pedagogy Jikelele kunye nobungcali zahluke kakhulu enye kwenye, kangangoko mkhulu, kuxhomekeke umda ubudala. Nayo uqeqesho lwengcali kwinkalo yemfundo yobungcali: nokufundisa kuba mveliso, eyobizo lomsebenzi, ezemfundo kunye aphakamileyo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ezikhethekileyo kunye negama ahambelana kwesebe nganye. Okulandelayo, yaye isebe ngalinye "amagqabi", oko kukuthi ulwazi zokufundisa yahlulwe kumacandelo ahlukeneyo, nto leyo ixhomekeke ukusetyenziswa shishino. Ngenxa yoko ke pedagogy emkhosini, ubunjineli, unyango kunye njalo njalo. Ubukhulu becala, le pedagogy ngokubanzi neyobugcisa enze umsebenzi ofanayo. ezicacileyo nje ubudala zekharityhulam izifundo kwiqela ngalinye yobudala ethile, equka yonke iminyaka ukususela ekuzalweni ukuya ebudaleni ngokupheleleyo. Kwekhono ubudala technology le pedagogy, izixhobo, ubuchule, iipateni entlanganweni loqeqesho kunye neenkqubo zemfundo kuwo onke amaziko emfundo - naluphi na uhlobo.

• Nursery pedagogy.
• enkulisa pedagogy jikelele.
• Pedagogy kwabo esekondari.
• Pedagogy lemfundo ephakamileyo.
• Androgogics (abantu abadala).
• Pedagogy Age yesiThathu (abantu abadala).

Ngesikolo iingxaki pedagogy kufuneka bathi embalwa, kuba isonjululwe usebenzisa ubuchule ezifanele ukusetyenziswa ekufundiseni abantu bonke ubudala. Apha sifunda neendlela ezahlukeneyo zemfundo - impucuko, ithi, ngokobuninzi, ebonisa iinkqubo zemfundo kunye nezentlalo nokuxabisana. Siqwalasela iingxaki yolawulo lwezemfundo lombutho kwinkqubo yemfundo, ephonononga umsebenzi amaziko emfundo ngamnye, igxininisa iindlela kunye nesikolo ishishini ulawulo lwesiqulatho kwiziphathi - ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu, ukususela umphathi weziko kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMfundo. Imisebenzi ye pedagogy jikelele kuza becala kwiimfuno kwelona nqanaba liphezulu zobunkokeli.

ochwepheshe

Imveliso pedagogy ejoliswe kuqeqesho abantu abasebenzayo, orients ukuba uphuhliso lobungcali, kuqaliswa ubuchwepheshe obutsha, uqeqesho lobungcali. Le ifuthe ngqo kwi kwisiqulatho izinto zokufundisa kunye nesiqulatho. Kunjalo enokuthethwa uqeqesho emkhosini. Le ezizodwa zemfundo ngokubanzi, ukuze bafunde iinkalo zemfundo kwintsimi emkhosini. Apha, iipatheni ezahlukeneyo kunye iziseko yeengcingane, iindlela kunye neefom kwimfundo noqeqesho kwabasebenzi yamajoni nasiphi na isikhululo. Indlela efanayo kwaye ifuna zokufundisa ethile kunye jikelele kwezentlalo. It ufunda iinkqubo yesazisi uluhlu kule nkcukacha neemeko zentlalo ingqalelo yakhe sijoliswe ukutenxa kule norm kunye nezizathu kwazo, yaye liphuhlise iindlela resocialization of deviants. pedagogy Social yahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu: usapho, zothintelo setyala (abaphuli kwakhona). Kule sinako baphethe ukuba into zokufundisa iyonke yahluke kakhulu, kuxhomekeke kulwazi isicelo esithile.

Defectology - pedagogy loluleko ukuba ufunda ulawulo oluhamba kuphuhliso lwabantu abakhubazekileyo ngokwasemzimbeni okanye ngokwasengqondweni. Kukho iindawo ezininzi ecacileyo phakathi kulo mmandla, nto leyo imele pedagogy jikelele. History of Pedagogy neMfundo ubiza wokuqala naziphi amasebe kwiindawo, kumanqanaba emfundo kunye nomsebenzi ntle. Kamva defectology yayingakwazi nje kuphela abafundi ukuva, umbono, nengqondo, kodwa une neengxaki ngentetho, okhubazekileyo ngengqondo, kunye nezigulo intshukumo kunye yedwa. Ukongeza kula masebe kuphela ABRSM, kwakunye nemiqathango kufuneka - seendlela lothelekiso, apho into pedagogy jikelele lifunda iintsingiselo kunye neepateni practice kunye nethiyori kwiingingqi ezahlukeneyo kunye namazwe, ezo nkcukacha yesizwe, umlinganiselo lweentsingiselo, ifuna iintlobo kunye neendlela zophuculo sobabini, iinkqubo zemfundo kunye nokusetyenziswa amava amazwe.

Imithetho regularities

Naluphi na inzululwazi siqulathe kwenkqubo yemithetho kwakunye nemithetho yazo. Yintoni na umthetho, ukuba anithanga ukunxibelelana yeemeko ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye kakhulu. Ulwazi umthetho inceda ukutyhila angayazi yonke kunye nonxibelelwano, kwaye kuphela ezibonisa ngokupheleleyo isenzeko ngokwayo. Nemithetho njongo, ekubeni kuphela leyinene eziqulathwe kuzo. Enye yeendlela ezisezantsi zentlalo - ukufundisa, kunye kwanangamacandelo alo ngendlela efanayo iqhagamshele ubudlelwane.

Ngoko ke, kukho ukufundisa ngumthetho udidi okanye ingqiqo. pedagogy jikelele ubaphatha njengendlela udidi elibonisa njongo, kubalulekile, kuyimfuneko, okuqhelekileyo uzinzile ngumkhuba ephindaphindekayo phantsi kweemeko ezithile zokufundisa, kwakunye nonxulumano amacandelo yonke le nkqubo, nto leyo ibonisa indlela yokuzingca lokuphumeza, self-uphuhliso kunye nokusebenza kwenkqubo yemfundo luphela. ipateni efanayo - njengokubonisa ethile umthetho, kukho inxalenye ethile ingcamango "befundisa umthetho", ngenxa yokuba lisetyenziswe izifundo elements ngamnye kwenkqubo kunye namaqela athile ukuze inkqubo yemfundo.

izimiso

Principles of pedagogy jikelele isekelwe nje ngokusekelwe kwemithetho kunye regularities, ezibonisa isenzeko kunjalo, oko mababe kuba, kwaye anike isityalo ngendlela kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukuhlangabezana neenjongo ezifanelekileyo zokufundisa. Le migaqo bakhonza njengoko iimfuneko zolawulo neendlela ukuphucula ukusebenza ngezisombululo ezinokwenziwa. kokuba abe kwindawo yokuqala kunye factor inkqubo-ukwakha sokuphuhlisa pedagogy theoretical component.

Imithetho zesayensi nokufundisa ibonisa iseti: prirodosoobraznost kunye kulturosoobraznogo, ngendlela nethembakeleyo, ingxaki kunye optimality, ukufumaneka oqeqesho kunye nabanye abaninzi. udidi zokufundisa, ebonisa ubonelelo ngokomthetho ephambili, esekelwe phezu iipateni zokufundisa lubonakala isicwangciso eqhelekileyo ukusombulula iingxaki zemfundo (iingxaki) - oku imigaqo zokufundisa. Ngamnye kubo uphunyezwa imithetho ethile.

imithetho

iimfuneko zolawulo, imimiselo, kunye neengcebiso isicelo ukuphunyezwa kwe -siseko yemfundo noqeqesho - imithetho zokufundisa. Umzekelo, lo mgaqo ukufikeleleka nokufikeleleka yokufunda kufuneka luphunywenzwe ngoncedo mithetho: accounting nokuthathwa umgangatho abanakumelana kuphuhliso lwabafundi, ukusetyenziswa kwezibonelelo zokufundisa, kuquka ukubonakala, ukuseka umbandela bafunda ngaphambili kunye namanyathelo amatsha ukuthotyelwa ukuntsonkotha eziphathekayo njalo njalo.

Imithetho-siseko zichaza yesu imisebenzi yokufundisa, kwaye makusetyenziswe imithetho - maqhinga yayo, oko kukuthi, ithwale esisebenzisekayo, isicelo ukubaluleka, njengoko zimiselwe isisombululo iingxaki ezithile kwaye zibonisa unxulumano imbangela ngamnye, kunokuba ipateni yemfundo jikelele. Ngoko ke, ekufundiseni eyenziwayo imisebenzi kufuneka ukuba isekelwe yonke inkqubo imithetho kunye nemigaqo kuyo yonke ngengqibelelo yalo kunye nokuhambisana lweziqalelo ngamnye. Loo ndlela kufuna iseti yonke imithetho yayo pedagogy jikelele. Imfundo kufuneka olusebenzayo - lelona siseko engundoqo, apho ihlala phezulu inkqubo eluqilima imithetho zemfundo kunye nemimiselo.

lwesigama

Ikota ebhekisela inzululwazi ezimbini ezahlukeneyo, iyalila "psychology zemfundo phaya", apho ilizwi lokuqala - isiseko inzululwazi, kodwa ke isebe iphambili bengqondo, eyenzelwe ukuba bafunde regularities kwinkqubo yemfundo noqeqesho. Jikelele iPsychology Pedagogy - elide kakhulu yaye igama elifuna saa kulo uqeqesho. A kwengqondo zokufundisa ubomi kwaye kuphuhlisa nje inzululwazi isicelo ukuphucula ukufundisa, esebenzisa impumelelo onke amasebe bengqondo.

Eli gama wabonakala ngohlobo olulo ngoku asiyi kuba kwaoko. isiyalo Umda phakathi ngezengqondo pedagogy sele efuna ukuba igama wabiza ngoko okusingqongoleyo, lo pedagogy, aze kuphela yokuqala zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, la maxabiso kuhlengahlengiswa kunye ngokwahlukeneyo. pedagogy yokulinga, ngasendleleni, ukho nje entsimini zokufundisa zophando ekhoyo kunye psychology lemfundo elo liye ibe yintsimi ulwazi kunye isiseko ngokwengqondo imfundo ABRSM, kwakunye nemiqathango.

Izifundo izinto

Ekubeni psychology lemfundo ufunda imithetho yophuhliso noqeqesho kunye nemfundo yomntu, inxulumene kakhulu kwezinye iinkalo zezifundo: umahluko kunye nomntwana bengqondo, psychophysiology kwaye, kakade, kunye pedagogy - ithiyori kwaye aluncedo. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka ingundoqo ingqeqesho, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukhumbula ukuba naliphi na isebe inzululwazi kuquka isigama injongosenzi kunye nesifundo. Le yokugqibela ibhekisela efanayo kwindawo enye ethile leyinene ukuba ukhethe ukufunda eli isayensi. Amaninzi, injongosenzi ibhaliswe ngegama. Yintoni into pedagogy jikelele? Jikelele Pedagogy, kunjalo.

Kodwa ke ndaba yenzululwazi - a kwicala elinye okanye kumacala emininzi na into efundwayo, nguwo lowo okanye abo ngesandla, ukuba isifundo yenzululwazi linikwa. Yintoni na umbandela pedagogy jikelele? A lot of kubo. Kaloku, umzekelo, sezifo. Okanye pedagogy kwabo esekondari. Isifundo alubonisi onke amacala into, kodwa ziquka inyaniso yokuba ngokubanzi into engekhoyo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba uphuhliso nayiphi na inzululwazi kubandakanya ukuphuhliswa Iwawo. Nayiphi na into isenokuba isifundo ukufunda ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zenzululwazi. Ngokomzekelo, umntu. It olufundwa phantse yonke kwabantu, amalungu, yabantu, ibhayoloji, kwaye njalo njalo. Kodwa kule ndawo yonke inzululwazi isifundo - yokuba yena ukufunda kwi into elinikiweyo.

Pedagogy Science

Yodwa ingadityaniswa nezinye akukho inzululwazi sikhula, into efanayo nesebe lemfundo ulwazi lwabantu. History of Education uthi zokufundisa yokuqala awayecinga yaphuhliswa wefilosofi jikelele. Iimbono yokuqala malunga akhuliswe nemfundo kube belubonakalisiwe kwiimfundiso zonqulo, uncwadi kunye ulozheniju zomthetho elidlulileyo. ulwazi lwezenzululwazi zandiswa, yenzekile ngexesha inzululwazi hlukeneyo, pedagogy, kakhulu, kwasekwa njengesebe eyahlukileyo. Kwandula ke kwafika mzuzu disengagement intrascientific, ekusekeni nobuninzi amasebe kwenkqubo kwinzululwazi zokufundisa. Emva koko, ngokutsho inzululwazi inzululwazi, ixesha Yindibanisela Sciences. Kodwa ke nkcazo ihlala efanayo: ekufundweni regularities ekudluliseni isizukulwana omdala amava lwentlalo yenkqubo abaselula nobusebenzayo ukwetyisa.

pedagogy yayo jikelele into iqwalasela izenzakalo leyinene, negalelo kuphuhliso kunye lokusekwa umntu ngendlela enentsingiselo zootitshala loshishino kunye noluntu. Phantsi isenzeko ezikhona apha kuthetha, umzekelo, imfundo nemfundo noqeqesho iimfuno zomguli kwakunye kuluntu nakuRhulumente. Isifundo pedagogy yokufunda ubona yonke imibutho ngabom kwaye ngabom enye inkqubo zokufundisa. Pedagogy inzululwazi uphonononga kuphela uhlobo kodwa iipateni, imikhwa, iimbono kunye nemigaqo kuphuhliso inkqubo yezemfundo, oko inxaxheba kuphuhliso theory kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukuphuculwa umxholo, ukudalwa esitsha iifom zombutho, iindlela kunye nobuchule umsebenzi zokufundisa. Loo inkcazo yesifundo kunye into ibonisa inkcazelo yaloo pedagogy - inzululwazi uqeqesho kunye nemfundo yabantu. iinjongo zayo zibe nokuchongwa iipateni kunye ukukhangela iindlela ngokupheleleyo ukusekwa, uqeqesho kunye nemfundo lo mntu.

Imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi

Imisebenzi iye zokufundisa ezimbini jikelele: theoretical nakwezobugcisa, kwaye kuphunyezwa ngamnye kubo kumanqanaba amathathu. Okokuqala - i inkcazo okanye ingcaciso, isifo nabanye abantu abane, le yesibini - le reflex yenguqu projektha. Imisebenzi ye pedagogy jikelele ezininzi ezinkulu - ezine.

• Chonga iipateni kwinkqubo yemfundo, imfundo, uqeqesho, ulawulo kweenkqubo zemfundo.
• Funda kwaye shwankathela ukwenza kunye namava nokufundisa.
• yekamva zokufundisa (sase-).
• Ukusebenzisa iziphumo zophando koko bakwenzayo.

Ukufundisa inzululwazi, njengayo nayiphi na, uye ngokwayo imibuzo ethile malunga nemisebenzi yayo. Kukho ezininzi, kodwa ke eyona - ezintathu. Injongo setting - yintoni na ukuba sifundise nokufundisa? Umxholo uqeqesho kunye nemfundo - ntoni ukufundisa, ukufundisa ngayiphi indlela? Iindlela kunye nobuchule - ukufundisa indlela yokukhulisa njani? Ezi ngongoma kunye nemiba ezinye kwenzululwazi zokufundisa ukuba isonjululwe yonke imihla.

nezimaphambili ezingundoqo (categories)

Kwaduma - ifuthe ngenjongo nezingapheliyo ukuze yande eyimfuneko umfundi amava zentlalo ukuze kwakhiwe nkqubo lwamaxabiso eyamkelekileyo kuluntu.

Imfundo - ingakumbi kuququzelelwa kuze kulawulwe inkqubo enonjongo yentsebenziswano katitshala kunye umfundi, olujoliswe ekufumaneni ulwazi, izakhono, ubuchule neendlela yokwazi, kunye nophuhliso lwezakhono nomdla ekufundeni.

Imfundo - ziziphumo inkqubo ekufundeni inkqubo ulwazi, izakhono, ubuchule, ukwenza isiseko sale Outlook ubuntu yokuziphatha nokuphuhlisa ubuchule bokuyila.

Ndiyila - iphenjelelwa yimiba ezininzi - kweyabo ekonoomicheskih, ezentlalo, ngokwasengqondweni njalo njalo - ukuyilwa umntu eluntwini. Apha kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba imfundo - hayi kuphela mba ngayo ubuntu yenziwe.

Development - ukuphunyezwa kweepropati babantu, kulo ngaphakathi azalwe, nethuku nobuchule.

Elihle kwezentlalo - self-nokuzalisekisa ngexesha ubomi kunye nokwenziwa rhoqo nokukotshwa nenkcubeko yoluntu.

umsebenzi Ezemfundo - umsebenzi nokusebenza kootitshala, nto leyo usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuphembelela Trust kunye nobudlelwane kunye nabo ukusombulula iingxaki yemfundo, uqeqesho kunye nemfundo.

Mfundisi intsebenziswano - ezijoliswe kakuhle kunye zoqhagamshelwano ngabom kunye umfundi ukutshintsha ukuziphatha wakhe, umsebenzi okanye ubudlelwane.

Zenzululwazi, ezinxulumene kumiswa kunye nophuhliso ngamnye, imfundo uthathwa ukuba yeyona ibalulekileyo, kuba konke oku ayikhankanyi ngaphandle uqeqesho kunye nemfundo - le nkqubo ngabom apho utitshala kunye nentsebenziswano umfundi sokunikezela kunye nokwenziwa yamava lwentlalo. Pedagogy isekelwe phezu impumelelo phantse yonke inzululwazi yabantu, zikhuliswe, ukuze ngokukhawuleza, nokuphuhlisa ubuchule nobugcisa ukuze ufumane iindlela ilungileyo lokusekwa umfundi ngayo ubuntu, imfundo kunye noqeqesho.