Iinkonzo zentlalo: imigaqo kunye neentlobo

Ngelo langoku ibakala imeko yezentlalo noqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko eRashiya iyahlozinga, ibangela ukukhula kwamanani abo badinga inkxaso zikarhulumente kubemi. Ukusombulula ezi zinto uphumeza neenkonzo zentlalo. Imigaqo yale nkqubo ukukhawulelana nemigangatho zakutshanje lombutho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo uncedo kwaye ziye zavela kuthathelwa ingqalelo nkcukacha yokuba asakhulayo iingxaki zentlalo.

iindawo Imiba sotsuslug zophuhliso

Ingcamango kunye nemigaqo leeNkonzo zeNtlalo watshintsha ngokuphindaphindiweyo yaye uguqulwe, njengoko kukho iintlobo ezahlukileyo iindlela kukulungisa le miba. Nophuhliso kukarhulumente kunye noluntu, ke intsonkothe ngaphezulu kwaye yandiswe. Noko ke, imigaqo yalo msebenzi njengento umsebenzi ethathe imilo phambi kwekhulu yokugqibela, ke esanda abantu esiza abasweleyo ndafumana imilo ezifana neenkonzo zentlalo. Imithetho-siseko zaphenjelelwa bulumko, lwezenhlalo paradigms, ezoqoqosho umsebenzi wentlalo. Ngelo langoku ibakala umxholo uyahlangabezana neemfuneko ezisemthethweni nangaphezulu.

Inqanaba entsha yophuhliso kwenkqubo Russian yokubonelela uncedo loluntu yaqala emva iziganeko 1991.

iinkonzo zentlalo: definition kunye esisemthethweni

kwenkululeko Domestic usizo karhulumente abantu abadinga lonke sahlaziywa kwaye ziphuculwe. Ingcamango kunye nemigaqo kweenkonzo zentlalo kuphela kakhulu zibandakanya izinto standard-setting likarhulumente, kodwa ibonisa indlela -nkqubo yezentlalo ngokunxulumene kumacandelo kakubi ezikhuselweyo oluntu.

Abasebenzisi beenkonzo zentlalo ke abemi abo kwimeko ebomini nzima. Eli gama libhekisela imeko (ukugula, ukukhubazeka, ubuzali oyedwa, intswelangqesho, ebudaleni, njalo-njalo), cala yoniwa ubomi abemi, apho inkululeko ayikwazi yinto egqushiweyo.

Ingcamango kunye nemigaqo nemibutho yeenkonzo zentlalo ukumisela nkcukacha zokusebenza nabathengi. Ekupheleni konyaka ka-2013, umthetho omtsha "Ngokwesiseko kweenkonzo zentlalo kubemi kwi Russian Federation", yokumisela imihlaba yezoqoqosho, ezentlalo kunye yomthetho nenkqubo lokuququzelela olu hlobo lomsebenzi. Ukongeza, amagunya ezintsha efakwe phakathi kobuchule amagunya karhulumente kunye nabasemagunyeni zommandla kwinkalo yomsebenzi ukugcinwa abemi banike uncedo abaneziqinisekiso. Ngelo xesha nye yamkele amalungelo noxanduva abamkeli beenkonzo zentlalo. Ezi zafakwa phantsi nabo ngummi Russian nabaphambukeli ngokufanayo, yaye musa loo iwonga, kodwa isigxina kweli lizwe, ezifana ziimbacu. Loo nto umamkeli wenkonzo kunokuba abe ngummi, ilungelo elisemthethweni njengoko abafuna uncedo loluntu.

Umthetho omtsha iseke ingqiqo, imigaqo kunye neentlobo kwiinkonzo zentlalo. Ngumsebenzi neneenjongo ukunika yonke ezahlukeneyo iindidi sotsuslug ezahlukeneyo abantu abasweleyo. Ngu inkonzo intlalo enozinzo ibhekisele isenzo okanye izenzo bafakela a ezithile ngokusigxina,, ad hoc ukuphucula iimeko abaphila okanye ukwandisa umthamo kwezisombululo ezimeleyo neengxaki zobomi.

Kakade ke, intsingiselo eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kwamanye amazwe, kukho inkonzo zentlalo. Siseko, iintlobo zomsebenzi nabantu kwilizwe lethu nakwamanye amazwe kuchazwa indawo, kwezoqoqosho, kwinkcubeko kunye nezinye iimpawu kwimeko ethile okanye ummandla.

Ubume ngeenkonzo zentlalo

Namhlanje, inkqubo-level multi liphuhlise eRashiya, eliquka iifomu kunye nobuchwephesha, amaziko kunye nemibutho inxaxheba kwiinkonzo zentlalo. Le migaqo ukuze babonwe ngabantu supplier ngamnye kwelase nokuba baxhasa eliphi na kwisebe elithile.

Inkqubo karhulumente kweenkonzo zentlalo unzima kwaye kubandakanya:

• igunya eliphezulu kwinqanaba federal, nto leyo linikwe uphuhliso kunye nokuphunyezwa kwezibonelelo zoMgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente kunye ummiselo osemthethweni olumisiweyo kwicandelo inkonzo zentlalo;
• igunya loluntu kwinqanaba lengingqi, nto leyo ogunyaziselwe ekuzalisekeni yemithetho karhulumente uqinisekisa uncedo loluntu;
• ngqo imibutho kunye namaziko, inkonzo zentlalo yabantu phantsi kolawulo abasemagunyeni federal, lommandla bendawo;
• non-ezorhwebo kunye nezorhwebo (non-government) imibutho ukuba ilungelo (resolution) ukwenzela ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zentlalo kubantu abasweleyo;
• oosomashishini ngamnye, begxininisa kwiinkonzo zentlalo alawulwa.

Lo mthetho ichaza zezifundo (abathengisi) kunye izinto (abamkeli) abathatha inxaxheba kule nkqubo kwaye unelungelo elisemthethweni kwiinkonzo zentlalo ezifikelelekayo. Siseko, umbutho amaziko aluncedo eluntwini ezingqanyaniswe iimpawu zommandla kumxholo Russia. Abasebenzisi beenkonzo zentlalo busebenza abantu abakhubazekileyo, abadala, ezinomzali kunye neentsapho ezinkulu, abasebenzi zomkhosi, abantu abangasebenziyo.

Utshintsho ukuthatha indawo kumgangatho karhulumente ukuba abe negalelo elingqalileyo kwimali kwiinkonzo zentlalo namanani oluntu. Siseko, iintlobo, imisebenzi kufuneka babonise ukusebenza ngexesha likaxakeka kwaye kwiindawo ezininzi-tasking.

Eyona engundoqo imisebenzi yenkqubo

Abaphandi iziseko umsebenzi koluntu amaqela amabini aphambili kwemisebenzi luveze ezinxulumene kwiinkonzo zentlalo:

1) ngocoselelo-msebenzi (iivoti kwezentlalo, zothintelo, ukuziqhelanisa, ezentlalo-yesiqhelo, umlilo wokukhusela);

2) yokuziphatha kunye humanistic (personal nentlalo kunye humanistic).

Babonakala ngokwamanqanaba amakhulu namancinci kwiinkonzo zentlalo. ukuba amacandelo lusebenze kwaye sub-iinkqubo lweenkonzo zentlalo ezinxulumene ngqo kokuziphumeza practical.

Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba imisebenzi kunye nemigaqo inkonzo zentlalo akusebenzi kuphela ngokumalunga nomamkeli omnye, kodwa iqela labantu ababelana ngengxaki eqhelekileyo. Oko kukuthi, lo msebenzi kwenziwa omabini amanqanaba ngamnye kunye neqela.

Imigaqo kweenkonzo zentlalo

Principles of Social Services kwachazwa ngokuthi olubanzi, oluhlanganisiweyo, deystvuschie kwi izilangazelelo abamkeli beenkonzo. Isiseko bomsebenzi kunye kubemi amaqela ungakhuselekanga ukwenza amalungiselelo nokuhlonipha amalungelo nenkululeko wonke umntu, ukuba ukuhlonipha njengomntu, ayithethi ukuba isidima nembeko izithuko, uzabalazela sengqondo nobuntu ngayo abathengi.

Imigaqo esisiseko lomfanekiso iinkonzo zentlalo zezi:

• ukufikelela bekhululekile belingana labemi nayiphi na ubudala, isini, ulwimi, inkolo, ubuzwe, iinkolelo, indawo yokuhlala, ubulungu avunyelwe imibutho karhulumente karhulumente. Oku kubonisa ukuba imigaqo inkonzo zentlalo isiqinisekiso kufuneka amathuba afanayo ukuze bafumane iinkonzo eziyimfuneko.
• Kukusombulula ukubonelelwa zonke iintlobo zoncedo loluntu, oko kukuthi, uluhlu lweenkonzo zentlalo kufuneka athathele ingqalelo iimfuno umxhasi ethile, imithombo yayo yangaphakathi.
• Ababoneleli beenkonzo zentlalo kufuneka ibe kufutshane ukuze indawo ohlala kuyo komamkeli, inani elifunekayo zabathengisi ukuqinisekisa ulwaneliseko lwabathengi, kwakunye nemali ngokupheleleyo yabantu, zemali, ulwazi kunye nezinye inkonzo zentlalo arhente amathuba.
• ulondolozo Ubuninzi yokuhlala ukusoloko imeko eyenza i client;
• isiqalo Voluntary.
• umsebenzi Wedwa: abaniki beenkonzo zentlalo niyigcine aze angayityhileli abathengi inkcazelo yobuqu, ulwazi lobuqu kunye nolunye ulwazi. Ngapha koko, ukuba akuvumelekile ukuba bachaze iinkcukacha eziyimfihlo zeshishini. Ukophulwa kwalo mgaqo kuya kubandakanya ukuzisa bokubi okusesikweni, kumiselwe yi-mthetho Russian. Kuphela emva kokufumana imvume ebhaliweyo umntana (ummeli osemthethweni) kwiinkonzo zentlalo avumele ukutshintshwa, ukuphindwa inkcazelo ngabanye abantu ngokomdla komamkeli. Noko ke, kukho izizathu ezivakalayo evumela ukuba ephule oko kungafuneki kuthiwe pahaha kwaye ucele ulwazi: Court ukuthotyelwa yophando, uphando, uphando okanye enye ngokunxulumene iingxoxo kunye nezinye iinkqubo xa esenza unyango kwiinkonzo zoluntu portal okanye ezinye iminyango, ngokungqinelana nomthetho.

Umbutho yomsebenzi nge iklayenti kufuneka inxaxheba yonke imigaqo kwiinkonzo zentlalo. Ngoko ke, kufanelekile ukuba ngoluvo malunga indlela ebanzi kwintlangano yemizamo uncedo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imigaqo inkonzo zentlalo yabemi zithathelwa ingqalelo kuphuhliso imigangatho karhulumente kunye nemimiselo yolawulo kubonelelo lweenkonzo amahlwempu kuwo onke amanqanaba, ukususela arhente yase-arhente zendawo.

abamkeli kwamalungelo aqinisekiswe sotsuslug

Imithetho-siseko amalungelo ngeenkonzo zentlalo ibonisa inqanaba abantu kukarhulumente kunye noluntu ngokunxulumene abemi abasweleyo.

abaxhasi inkonzo Social banelungelo ukuba:

• intlonipho kunye nonyango elingcono;
• ukufumana ngokusekelwe ulwazi simahla yaye zifikeleleke malunga namalungelo abo neemfanelo, iintlobo, ixesha, indlela, iimeko, iirhafu, esinika sesondlo kweli ziko, ukongeza, umthengi angasoloko ukufumana ulwazi malunga ababoneleli ngenkonzo, kungenzeka ukufumana uncedo simahla ngaphandle kwentlawulo;
• Abemi banelungelo ukukhetha elizimeleyo ngokuzithandela amaziko apho iinkonzo oluyimfuneko kunikwa;
• ukwala inkonzo;
• akuqinisekisi ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo neminqweno asemthethweni;
• ukuqinisekisa iimeko zentlalo nesempilweni ngeemfuno isixhaso inkathalo efanelekileyo kumaziko inkonzo zentlalo;
• yokungena simahla yomamkeli ezisemthethweni abameli, amaxwebhu, amagqwetha nabanye abantu ngexesha ngokuhlwa kunye emini;
• ilungelo uncedo loluntu.

La malungelo umxhasi singenakwaphulwa, kungenjalo umboleki unesizathu esivakalayo ukucela ingcaciso evela kwabasemagunyeni okanye vyshestoyaschmi uthumele isicelo enkundleni.

Uxanduva lwabaxhamli

Xa amaxwebhu asemthethweni njengoko kumiselwe kunye neemfanelo kumntu ngamnye, oko kukuthi, naziphi ngumamkeli kweenkonzo zentlalo kufuneka:

• ukubonelela amaxwebhu kunye neenkcukacha eziyimfuneko ukuze ubonelelo ngeenkonzo zentlalo;
• ngexesha ukwazisa umboneleli malunga neenguqu data zobuqu okanye iimeko ezichaphazela inkqubo yokubonelela uncedo;
• aluluchaphazeli kakubi imiqathango kwekhontrakthi ubonelelo ngeenkonzo, eziquka intlawulo ngexesha ngokupheleleyo, ukuba ikhona;
• ukuba imithetho eyamkelekileyo ngokubanzi kunye nezithethe zokuziphatha eluntwini, ingqeqesho kweli ziko.

Ngenxa kwephulwa imithetho enye okanye ngaphezulu inkonzo zentlalo unelungelo lokunqumamisa umsebenzi kunye client okanye baphika inkonzo eceliweyo.

Umthetho federal kwakhona ubonelela amalungelo, imisebenzi abaxhobisi. Ngamnye kubo linyanzelekile ukuba ukunika uluhlu olupheleleyo lweenkonzo eceliweyo, ukuba enze lo msebenzi ngendlela efanelekileyo, ngokungqinelana nemithetho nemigaqo imisebenzi ekhoyo.

iimeko uncedo loluntu

Lwanika imigaqo iinkonzo zentlalo kuchaphazela inkqubo yokubonelela zonke iintlobo uncedo. Isizathu ngumxhasi we isicelo zabucala (ummeli osemthethweni), kudluliselwa iziko, okanye isibheno kurhulumente kunye nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni, nemibutho karhulumente entlanganweni wentsebenziswano kwamasebe.

Free kweenkonzo zentlalo nga kunikezelwa kubantu abathwaxwa ngenxa yomntu-ezenziwe kwaye zendalo iintlekele kunye nezinye iimeko zongxamiseko, zobuzwe kunye bexhobile, kwakunye abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-18.

Esi sicelo uthathwa ukuba mimiselo ngexesha, emva koko uwugcinayo iziko le nkqubo ingqalelo isicelo abantu abafuna uncedo loluntu. Kwimeko yokusilela umthengisi ukuya umxhasi ukunika iinkonzo eziyimfuneko, le yokugqibela banelungelo lokubhena kwisigqibo enkundleni.

imigaqo esisiseko beenkonzo zentlalo yaye bakhonza Iikhrayitheriya zokuvavanya ukusebenza abaniki-nkonzo. Ukuba bathe zifeziwe, ke ngoko, ukusombulula iingxaki umxhasi iphezulu.

Ngezimali kweenkonzo zentlalo

Xa inkqubo inkonzo zentlalo ngemali imithombo karhulumente ziquka mali (amanqanaba federal, yommandla wengingqi karhulumente); iminikelo okanye iminikelo wesisa; intlawulo bahlali iinkonzo zentlalo ezinikwa kubo; imali imisebenzi yeshishini okanye eminye imithombo ukuba akukho akuvumelekanga ngumthetho.

Iifom iintlobo zeenkonzo zentlalo

Enyanisweni, yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye zentlalo usebenza ngeenkonzo zentlalo. Ingcinga, imigaqo, iintlobo ukwenza up umxholo wayo.

Tholo yayizezona zinto ze iinkonzo zentlalo zezi:

• iinkonzo ekhaya;
• Iinkonzo semi-zokubhala, okt iinkonzo zifumaneka kuphela ngamaxesha athile le mini;
• care inpatient, ezizezi tinning abathengi ukuba ngokusisigxina okanye okwethutyana, iintsuku ezintlanu ngeveki kwindawo yokuhlala kwiziko lemfundo.

Nangona kunjalo, kuxwebhu olumisiweyo kokuba ebekhe Wafakwa kwiziko lonyango kuphela siseko. Iintlobo iinkonzo zentlalo zibandakanya uluhlu olubanzi lwemisebenzi ebonelelwe zokusombulula iingxaki ezintsonkothileyo umthengi.

amaziko ukhuseleko loluntu ukubonelela ne ngezi nkonzo zilandelayo:

• ezentlalo kunye ophilayo, ukunika uncedo kummandla kubathengi yabathengi inkqubo yobomi;
• zempilo ekuhlaleni kunye, ezo ezijoliswe ukugcina nokulondoloza impilo kweenkonzo yomamkeli ngokusebenzisa umbutho wokhathalelo efanelekileyo kubo, nokubonelela ngenkxaso izinto zolonwabo, umbutho ka esweni impilo jikelele kakuhle ukuba ukuze kuthintelwe kukuvela izinxaxhi;
• iinkonzo zentlalo nezengqondo zinika uncedo nomlinganiswa lezoluleko inkqubo lohlengahlengiso neemeko ezintsha entlalweni, kwakunye yononophelo olungxamisekileyo kwiimeko ezinzima kwi nombolo yomnxeba;
• socio-zokufundisa, injongo yazo kukuba ukuthintela ukutenxa kuphuhliso ubuntu, Ukomeleza umdla HIV, ukufunda iifomu ezichanekileyo lombutho zemisebenzi lokuzonwabisa; kunceda nayiphi na usapho kwimibandela ukukhulisa umntwana;
• loluntu kunye nabasebenzi ukuze ancedise yengqesho ye client simncede ukumelana neengxaki evela kukhubazeko nokulungiswa zokuhlala baye kumaziko omsebenzi;
• Socio-Legal ukunika uncedo lwezomthetho, nokukhuselwa kwamalungelo kunye nomdla umamkeli;
• iinkonzo ezijolise ekuphuculeni izakhono zonxibelelwano ye client ukuba abakhubazekileyo;
• iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkonzo engxamisekileyo zentlalo: ukubonelela iseti iimveliso okanye izidlo ashushu; impahla yokunxiba kunye nezihlangu; essentials; uncedo ekufumaneni izindlu okwethutyana; lulungiselelo lwexeshana loncedo psychological yonxunguphalo; nokukhutshwa uncedo zezimali ngexesha elinye-; ekuqhubeni iingcebiso zomthetho kunye nezinye iinkonzo.

Abemi abasweleyo ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuncediswa ezinganxulumananga kwiinkonzo zentlalo, okanye - inkxaso ekuhlaleni.

Degree lobunzima, ubude kweenkonzo, inqanaba ukwanela nokuhambelana neemfuno zisekelwe phezu kwezimiselo nokwanela kweenkonzo zentlalo ngokuphathelele kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo abemi. ukuthotyelwa Regulatory, ikhowudi yokuziphatha, kunye nemimiselo yendawo ukwenza iinkonzo zentlalo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, isiphumo yezenzo zabo - ngempumelelo, zonke eziya kunceda ekunciphiseni imimoya lwezentlalo eluntwini.