Iingqinisiso ezisisiseko zeengcamango zikaDarwin

Fumana apho bonke ubomi buvela khona emhlabeni kumsebenzi onzima, apho uluntu luye lwalwela ixesha elide. Kukho ininzi yeengcamango, kwi-theological (oyingcwele) ukuya kumnandi (inkolelo yokudala ihlabathi ngezilwanyana ezingaqhelekanga). Kule meko, enye yezona zidume kakhulu kude kube ngoku zicetywayo ngekhulu le-19 nguCharles Darwin. Isiseko salo sisezantsi kukuba zonke iindidi zobomi eMhlabeni (kuquka umntu) zivela kwinkqubo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngokukhawuleza zifumana ifom yangoku. Omnye uvumelana nale ngcamango, ezinye azikwazi, kodwa ukubaluleka kwayo yonke inzululwazi ngokubanzi akunakuphikiswa.

Imigaqo ephambili ye-Darwin ye-evolutionary theory ilandelayo. Zonke iindidi eziphilayo kwihlabathi azizange zenziwe. Iifom ze-Organic ezavela ngokwemvelo, zatshintshwa ngokuthe ngqo ngokuhambelana nemiqathango ejikelezileyo. Olu tshintsho lusekelwe ekuzaleni, ukuhluka kunye nokukhethwa kwendalo. IDarwin yokugqibela ibizwa ngokuba ngumzabalazo wobomi. Ngenxa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentlobo zivela kwindalo, ngelixa zizonke zilungelelwaniswe kwimeko apho zifumaneka khona.

Iinqununu ezisemgangathweni yenkolelo kaDarwin zichazwe kwincwadi yakhe, eyapapashwa ngo-1859. Lapha usosayensi wabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba utshintsho oluthile kwizinto eziphilayo zikhokelela ekuguqulweni kwezilwanyana zasekhaya kunye nezityalo zezolimo. Ngenxa yoko, umntu ukhetha iintlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu kuye, kwaye ufumana kuzo inzala. Inkqubo efanayo, inzululwazi ikholelwa, ivela kwendalo. Kwincwadi yakhe iDarwin ichaza imvelaphi yeentlobo njengenkqubo yendalo ende, nangona kunjalo, ngokungeyona nto.

Ngoko, ukuhlukahluka kunokuba ngeentlobo ezimbini: ezicacileyo kunye ezingenammiselo. Okokuqala kubangelwa yimpembelelo yezinto zangaphandle emzimbeni, kwaye, ngokomthetho, ukuba ziyabonakala, isizukulwana esilandelayo ezi zinto azibonakali. Ukungafani okungaqinisekanga kuzuze iindleko kungakhathaliseki ukuba imeko yendalo. Nguye obangela ukuphuhliswa kweentlobo.

Izinto eziphambili zeengcamango zikaDarwin zisekelwe kwinto yokuba izinto zokuziphendukela kwemvelo ziyahlukahluka. Ikhokelela ekubeni into yokuba yimpumelelo okanye iipropati ezingaphumelelanga ngenxa yokudlula ngokubonakala ngathi. I-biology yamanje iye yazisa igama "utshintsho."

Emzabalazweni wobomi, ezo zityalo ezingenakukwazi ukuzilungelelanisa kwiimeko zeemeko zingasweleka okanye ziqale ukuphindaphinda ngaphantsi. Ukusondela kwisakhiwo kubantu abemi kwimihlaba efanayo, ukhuphiswano olukhulu phakathi kwabo, obangela ukuba abaninzi babo bafe. Ebomini kubakho abafumana izakhiwo ezahlukeneyo (basebenzisa iintlobo zokutya, amayeza, ukuhlaselwa, njl.). Ngenxa yokungafani (ukuhlukana kweempawu), ukwahlukana kweentlobo enye kwiintlobo ezinokuthi zenzeke, ekugqibeleni ziyakwazi ukuba yiyunithi ezimeleyo.

Izibonelelo eziphambili zeengcamango zikaDarwin zibonisa ukuba ukuhlala kwiimeko ezizinzileyo kubangela ukuphungulwa kwemvelo. Oko kukuthi, kutshintsho lwemozulu lwehlabathi oluya kubakho ukubonakala kweentlobo ezintsha, ezahluke kakhulu kwiihlo zooyise. Inzululwazi ibonisa ubungqina obuninzi bokuthi ukhetho lwendalo luqinisekisa ukuqina kwezinto eziphilayo kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwizilwanyana umbala, kwezinye izityalo nemithi - ukukwazi ukuvelisa ngokusabalalisa imbewu kunye neziqhamo, njl.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iinjongo eziphambili zeengcamango zikaDarwin zibaluleke ngokwaneleyo ekuphuhliseni phambili kwenzululwazi. Imisebenzi yakhe isacatshulwa, kwaye iinjongo ezininzi kunye nokuhlolwa kwenziwa kuzo.