Iimpawu ze-encephalitis kubantu abadala: isicathulo, isifo somkhuhlane, intloko, ukukhubazeka kunye neparresis yeziphelo

Igama layo, njenge-encephalitis, livela kwigama lesiGrike. Kuthetha izifo ezivuthayo zengqondo. Unemiphumo emibi. Iimpawu ze-encephalitis kubantu abadala zibonakaliswa ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lokuvuvukala.

Izigulane ezi zixilongo zivakalelwa kukuba, ngokusemthethweni, zibuhlungu kakhulu, zifuna unyango olunzulu.

Iintlobo eziphambili zezifo kunye neentsholongwane ezibangele

Kukho ezimbini iintlobo zesifo:

1. EziPrayimari. Apha i-agent engumnxeba yi-neurotrophic virus.
2. Sekondari. Kuvuvukala kwengqondo, eqhubeka njengenkcenkceshelwano yenye-isifo esiyintloko.

Phakathi kwezizathu eziqhelekileyo zokuphuhliswa kwezi zilandelayo zilandelayo:

1. I-encephalitis ephathekayo.
2. I-virus yeHerpes simplex yesibini uhlobo (HSV-2).
3. IiRabi ezibangelwa yiLay.
4. Poliomyelitis.
5. Herpes virus.
6. Ukuxhatshaza i-measle pumping panencephalitis.

Iintsholongwane ezingabantwana ezingabangela ukukhupha kwengqondo:

1. Inkukhu (inqabile kakhulu).
2. Iimpawu.
3. Rubella.

Ezinye iindiza eziqhelekileyo ezibangela isifo:

1. Parotitis.
2. I-Epstein-Barr virus.
3. AIDS.
4. HIV.
5. I-Cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Ezinye izifo kunye neempawu ze-encephalitis kubantu abadala zixutyushwa ngezantsi.

I-encephalitis ephathekayo

I-tick bite ikhuthaza ukuvuvukala kwamadoda kunye nengqondo ngokwayo. I-agent causative yesifo isasazwa kubantu ngokuluma. Kwisiqingatha sabantu abanesifo sengculaza, isifo siphumelela ngokupheleleyo kwaye asikho miphumo. I-CE idluliselwa, njengommiselo, ngokukhawuleza. Inambuzane kufuneka isuswe ngokukhawuleza, isebenzise izixhobo okanye ezinye iindlela eziphuculweyo.

Ukususela komntu omnye ukuya kwelinye, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane engaphelelanga. Ixesha lokutshala i-incubation lisukela kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwiiveki ezimbalwa.

Iimpawu ze-encephalitis emva kokuluma:

• Fever;
• Intloko;
• Ubuhlungu kwimida.

Kwiimeko ezininzi CE zikhokelela kwiminitis, ngeempawu ezilandelayo:

• Inwele ephezulu kunye nomkhuhlane;
• Ukudideka;
• Intamo yentamo;
• Ukulahleka kwengqondo.

I-encephalitis engabonakaliyo ephawulwa yimiba ibangela ukufa, kuphela kwiimeko xa umntu engaphenduli ixesha lokuncedisa okanye unesifo esingaphelele. Kwi-1-2% yazo zonke iimeko, le ntsholongwane iyathintela inkqubo ye-nervous central. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-10 ukuya kwe-20% yezigulane zijongene nezibonakaliso ezinzulu zekliniki kunye nengqondo. Phakathi kwabo, ubuthathaka noxinzelelo.

Ezinye ii-virus ezenza izifo

Ukukhulelwa kubangelwa yi-agent engumnxeba uRickettsia, nguye ophethe iilusi.

Iintsholongwane ze-Antifungal zithintela kwiimeko ezininzi abantu abane-immune. Iimpawu ezidumileyo kwi-Candida albakans, i-Cryptococcus neoformans, i-Aspergillus fumigatus. Ezi zintsholongwane ezinokuthi zenze iifomthi zifake ama-clots kwiisishu zobuchopho, ama-abscesses. Ziba negalelo ekwenzeni ukuhlaselwa kwentliziyo kunye nokwakhiwa kwepus.

Inobungozi kakhulu yi-rabies ebangelwa ngumkhuhlane weLas. Iimpawu ze-encephalitis kubantu abadala zivela emva kweiveki ezi-3-8.

I-Poliomyelitis idibaniswa nomonakalo kwingqondo yengqondo, i-agent factor causative yi-virus ye-polio.

I-encephalitis ye-Herpetic yiphumo lokutheleleka kwe-herpes simplex ye-1st and 2nd type. Ubuntwaneni, i-HSV-2 iyinto eqhelekileyo.

I-Encephalitis kwi-AIDS kunye ne-HIV inokuchaphazela izicubu zengqondo. Isifo sinokuthi senze i-subacute okanye siye kwi-meningitis.

I-Cytomegalovirus (i-CMV) isoloko ifunyanwa kwiintsana kunye nabantu abane-immunity.

Ukuxhatshazwa kwe-measle sclerosing panencephalitis kwenzeka kubantwana nakwishumi elivisayo. Olu sulelo luholela ekufeni ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Mhlawumbi umntu onale ntsholongwane uya kuphila kwiminyaka emibini, kodwa loo matyala awanqabile.

Iqela leentsholongwane ezidluliselwa kwi-arthropods

IArbovirus iqhutywe yizinambuzane. Uhlobo lokusuleleka olusasazeka luxhomekeke kwiintlobo ze-arthropod.

1. I-encephalitis yaseCalifornia (ebizwa nangokuthi iLa Crosse) idluliselwa ngentshontsho yentshukumo kwaye ichaphazela kakhulu abantwana. Ubangela iimpawu ezininzi kubantu abadala, yintloko, isisongulu kunye nokushisa okuphezulu.
2. Abantu abahlala kwimimandla yasemaphandleni kumazwe aseNtshona bavame ukufumana iSt Louis Louis encephalitis. Ihamba kunye nemiqondiso emininzi. Phakathi kwabo, ukuhlanza, intloko kunye nobushushu, iimpawu zamadoda, intlungu yesifo kwiimfucu zomsipha. Le ntsholongwane ingabangela i-paresis yelungu. Yintoni le, ugqirha wakho uchaze ngakumbi. Kodwa zibonakaliswe ngokunciphisa amandla kumasipha, ubuthathaka babo.
3. Intsholongwane yaseNtshonalanga yeNayile ihlala ifumaneka e-Afrika nakumaMbindi Mpuma. Nangona kunjalo, iyakuthathwa eUnited States. Kubangela iimpawu ezifana nezifo. Ingakhokelela ekufeni phakathi kwabalupheleyo kunye nabantu abanomzimba omzimba obuthathaka.
4. I-Colorado-encephalitis (ebizwa ngokuba yi-Colorado). Uninzi lwabantu abanalo ntsho longwane luyaphinda lubuyele.
5. I-encephalitis yaseMpuma ibonakala ngenxa yokuluma kwemiyane. Ichaphazela abantu kunye namahashe. Kuzo zonke iimeko, i-33% iphelile kwisiphumo esibulalayo.
6. I-Kiazanur - isifo sehlathi esasetyenziselwa ukukhawulwa kwamakethi. Abazingeli, abakhenkethi kunye namafama basengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo.

Izinto ezibangela izifo

Amaqela amaninzi mngcipheko:

• Abantu abadala;
• Abantwana abancinci bonyaka wokuqala wokuphila;
• Abantu abanesistim somzimba esibuthathaka.

Unokuba nomngcipheko ophezulu we-encephalitis ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho iikiti kunye neentongwane ziqhelekileyo.

Amathuba amaninzi okufumana i-encephalitis evela kuluma yezilwanyana ehlobo nasekwindla.

Iimpawu zohlobo lweentsholongwane

Nangona isifo sinemvelaphi eyahlukileyo, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi iimpawu ze-encephalitis kubantu abadala zifanayo. Amatyala alula, ngakumbi ngokusuleleka kwiintsholongwane zentsholongwane, abonakaliswa yiimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Intloko yeentlobo ezihlukeneyo;
• Photophobia;
• Fever;
• Ukukhathala;
• Isihlunu.

Izifo ezithintekayo ezifuna unyango lwezonyango zinempawu ezilandelayo:

• Iintsholongwane ezinzulu, i-migraines inokwenzeka;
• Isisindo kunye nomkhuhlane;
• Ukuphazamiseka nokudideka;
• Ubuthakathaka obukhulu besifo;
• Intetho engaqondakaliyo;
• Ukulahleka kwengqondo.

Ukubonakaliswa okuqhelekileyo kwesi sifo

Ukongezelela kwiimpawu eziphambili, kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu kunobungqina bokukhanya, ukuguquka kwemizwelo, ukuphazanyiswa, ukukhungatheka, ukudibana, ukuguquka, ukuguquka, ukulala, ukungazi, i-paresis yemida. Yintoni na? Ukukhubazeka kubonakaliswe ngokunyanzeliswa kokunyuka kunye nobuthathaka kwimisipha, okanye ngokulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kweentshukumo eziqhubekayo.

Ukuba umntwana osana okanye umntwana oneminyaka engaphantsi komnyaka unempawu ezilandelayo, biza ugqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuvutha;
• Ukuvuvukala kwefontili;
• Ukukhala rhoqo;
• Ukutya okubi;
• Ubunzima;
• Fever.

Ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo

Ekubeni iimpawu ze-encephalitis kubantu abadala ziqhelekileyo, ugqirha, njengomthetho, sele sele ixela ukucacisa ubukho besi sifo kwaye igqibe isigulane kwiklinikhi.

Emva koko banokuyenza le mvavanyo elandelayo ukuba kukho ukusola nge-encephalitis:

1. Umgca-umgca wokugqibela.
2. Ukuhlaziya ingqondo ngo-CT okanye kwi-MRI.
3. I-Electroencephalograph (i-EEG).
4. Biopsies yeBrazil.

Kwiklinikhi, isigulane sinika zonke iimvavanyo ezifunekayo, kuquka igazi le-encephalitis. Oku kuyimfuneko ukwenzela ukukhuphela ezinye izifo. Uvavanyo lwegazi luya kubonisa iimpawu zokuqala zenkqubo yokuvuvukala kunye nokuziphendulela emzimbeni. Oku kuboniswa yinyuka ekhulayo ye-leukocyte egazini.

Uphononongo lwe-spin cord puncture lunikeza ulwazi oluchanileyo malunga nohlobo lwe-encephalitis.

Ngoncedo lwe-resonance yamagnetic okanye i-tomography yekhompyutheni, ugqirha oya kwiingcambu angabandakanyi izicathulo zobuchopho kunye nobuchopho obuchopho. Ukongezelela, unokubona ukuvuvukala, ukuba kukho.

Uhlalutyo lwe-encephalitis ekhutshelwe iikethi, ukuba kukho isifo, kuya kubonisa ukwanda kwe-ESR, i-leukocytosis echanekileyo, ukwanda kwe-anti-titer titer, kwaye, ngokubaluleke kakhulu, i-bite ekhoyo.

Nangona ukufumanisa ngokukhawuleza kwesi sifo kunye nonyango, inxalenye yonke iphela kwimiphumo emibi. Ngezinye iintlobo ze-encephalitis ye-bhakteria, inani lokufa kwezilwelisi li-50%. Ukongezelela, ziphumo ezinzima.

Iindlela eziphambili zonyango

Unyango lwe-cerebral inflammation ngqo kuxhomekeke kwiyiphi i-agent agent eyabangela isifo. Kwi-encephalitis ye-bhakteria, i-antibiotics isetyenziselwa ukuthintela ukusasazeka kweebhaktheriya kunye ntshabalalo. Ukuchasene neentsholongwane ze-fungal zisetyenziselwa okuthiwa i-antimycotics (Itraconazole, i-Fluconazole, i-Ketaconazole, i-Amphotericin, i-Nystatin). Kwiintlobo ezininzi azikho i-agenticidal agent.

Kwindlela yokulwa nezimbangela zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-encephalitis, iimpawu (unyango kulolu hlobo kufuneka lube luncedo kakhulu) luya kuhamba kunye ne-virus eyabangela. Ubuhlungu, umkhuhlane uya kumisa, ukujikeleza kwegazi kuya kuzinza.

Unyango luqhutyelwa esibhedlele, ngenxa yokuba ukukhubazeka, iincampu kunye nezinye iimpawu kufuneka zenziwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-ambulensi, njengomthetho, ayikwazi ukufika rhoqo ngexesha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka unyango olunzulu lugqirha kwaye luhlale iiveki ezimbalwa kwiimeko ezimileyo.

Ekuqaleni ukuxilongwa kwenziwa, unyango lokuqala luya kuqala kwaye, mhlawumbi, luya kulandelwa.

Iziyobisi ezincedisa izidakamizwa zinokunceda ekunyangeni kwe-herpes encephalitis. Kodwa azinako ukusebenzisana nezinye izizathu kunye neentsholongwane zesifo. Esikhundleni saloo ndlela, kukho unyango olufunekayo ukunciphisa ukubonakaliswa kwesi sifo. Ezi nkqubo zingabandakanya ukuphumla nokufumana;

• Anticonvulsants;
• IAnesthetics;
• I-Corticosteroids (ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala kwengqondo);
• Antipyretic;
• Ukuxhaswa (kulabo abaneengxaki zengqondo);
• Injections.

Ukuba kukho i -edema ye-cerebral, i- paresis kunye neembonakaliso ezixubileyo, isigulane kufuneka isibhedlele.

Iingxaki zesifo

Uninzi lwezigulane ezifunyaniswe ukuba ne-encephalitis zijongene nemiphumo emibi:

• Imemori embi okanye ukulahlekelwa kwayo;
• Ukutshintsha kwengqondo kubuntu;
• Ukuxhwaleka kwesisu;
• Ukukhathala okungapheliyo;
• Ukungabi namandla emzimbeni;
• Khu bazeka;
• Ukungabikho kwemisipha yokulungelelanisa;
• Iingxaki ngombono;
• Ukuva ukungahambi;
• Coma;
• Ukuphefumula;
• Ukufa.

Iingxaki zihlala zikhula kumaqela athile, afana:

• Abantu abadala;
• Izigulane ezineempawu ze-coma;
• Izigulane ezingazange zithole unyango olufike ngexesha.

Forecasting

Ukuxhomekeka kokuxhomekeka kuxhomekeke kwimeko kunye nobukhulu be-encephalitis. Ezinye izigulane azibubi naziphi na iingxaki ezinzulu, kodwa kwiimeko ezinzima zesifo kunokubakho ubunzima ngeengxaki zokulala, ukugxininiswa kwengqwalasela, ukulungelelaniswa kweentshukumo, ukugula komzimba, ukukhubazeka okuhlukeneyo, njl njl.

Ukuxhamla kwakho kuya kuxhomekeka kububungqina bokuvuvukala. Kwiimeko ezibuhlungu, inkqubo yokuvuvukala iyakonakala kwimihla embalwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinzima, ukubuyisela kuthatha iiveki okanye iinyanga.

Ngokuxhomekeka kohlobo kunye nobukhulu besifo, ezinye izigulane zingadinga unyango olongezelelweyo, kuquka:

• I-Physiotherapy (eyimfuneko yokwandisa amandla, ukulungelelanisa, ukulinganisela kunye nokuguquguquka);
• Uphuhliso lwezemisebenzi;
• Ulwaphulo lwentetho (olufunekayo ukunceda ukufunda ukulawula izihlunu ezifunekayo ukuthetha);
• I-Psychotherapy (uncedo ngamaqhinga okulungisa, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo okanye utshintsho lomntu).

Ukuthintela izifo

I-Encephalitis ayikwazi ukuthintela rhoqo, kodwa kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa umngcipheko wesifo ngokwenza i-inoculation ngexesha. Kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba abantwana bakho banokufumana izigulane ezifanelekileyo.

Ukugonywa kwabasebenzi ngokugonywa kukunika ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo. Kunconywa ngokukodwa kubantu abahlala kwintsimi kwindawo ezinobungozi (umzekelo, ama-woodberks).

Inconywayo inconywa ukuba iqhutywe yonke iminyaka eyi-10. Ukuba ungenayo, cela umgqirha wakho nini na apho ungayenza khona.

Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa indlela yokulungisa umlingo. Kwiindawo apho izilwanyana kunye nezimila zingagcinwa, gqoka iimpahla ezide kunye neengqayi.