Iimpawu kunye neentlobo zamandla omthetho

Umthamo wesifundo ngumxholo wabantu abangenalo ulwazi olunzulu lomthetho, ongaqhelekanga. Yintoni echazwe kwinqaku elingezantsi.

Inkcazo yekota

I-Code Civil ichaza ukuba nayiphi na inayo iindidi ezimbini zeempawu. Oku kungumthamo namandla okusemthethweni. Oku kukugqibela kuthetha ukuba umntu unamalungelo. Amandla omthetho avela kunoma yimuphi umntu ukususela ngexesha lokuzalwa, oko kukuthi, umntwana ozelwe ngoku sele esemthethweni, unamalungelo ahlukeneyo, umzekelo, ilungelo lokuphila, ilungelo lemfundo, njl.

Ngokungafani namandla omthetho, amandla okusebenza ayabonakali ekuzalweni. Enyanisweni, le ngcamango ithetha ukuba umntu unelungelo lokwenza imisebenzi ethile, ayenze, asebenzise amanye amalungelo.

Ukuvela kwamandla omthetho kunye neentlobo zayo

Njengomgaqo oqhelekileyo, amandla osemthethweni avela kwixesha elininzi. Xa umntu ejika iminyaka elishumi elinesibhozo ubudala, ngokwemithetho, uthathwa njengomntu onamandla ngokupheleleyo. Ukususela ngeli xesha, unokukwazi ukuqhuba nayiphi na intsebenziswano, ugqiba nayiphi na iikhontrakthi ngokwazi kwakhe ngaphandle kwemvume, kwaye enze ezinye izenzo ezibalulekileyo ezisemthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, kwanokuba umntu oneminyaka engaphantsi kweshumi elinesibhozo uyaziwa ukuba unelungelo lokwenza iintengiso. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yesifundo, amandla ahlukaniswe kuphela kwiintlobo. Ingqikithi kukho ezimbini iintlobo zomthamo wezomthetho. Ookuqala, njengoko ukhankanywe ngasentla, unamandla okusemthethweni. Iyesibini inamandla okukhetha.

Amandla ahlukeneyo kwabantwana

Ngaloo ndlela, amandla amancinci ahlukeneyo nakwiindidi ezithile. Iintlobo zesikhundla (okuyingxenye) zilandelayo: okuqala kuhambelana nomthamo wabasebenzi wabantwana abangazange bafikelele kwiminyaka elishumi elinesine. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ukuba sele beneminyaka engama-6 ubudala. Abantwana abanjalo banamalungelo amancinci omthetho, bavunyelwe ukuvelisa kuphela izenzo ezithile ezenziwa ngumthetho. Zonke ezinye izenzo ezenziwa ngabantwana abanjalo ziya kuthatyathwa njengezingekho. Umthetho uchaza ngokucacileyo oko bana bantwana abanokukwenza:

1. Thenga, thengisa, wenze ezinye iintengo ezincinane zendlu. Ngokomzekelo, umntwana angenza utshintshi lwezinto zokudlala omnye nomnye umntwana. Ngaloo nto ixabiso leetoyiti elifanelekileyo kufuneka libe lifanelekileyo, elifanelekileyo kumntwana womntwana. Olu hlobo luya kubonwa njengolusebenzayo.
2. Abantwana bexesha elichaziweyo banokuchitha imali abazali babo abanike yona. Naliphi na umntwana onokuzithenga ngokuzikhuselekileyo kwivenkile iipesele, kwaye iya kuhambelana nemimiselo esemthethweni.
3. Iintengiso ziya kubonwa njengezivumelekileyo, eziyimfuneko yokuba zingqinisiswe ngumbhalisi, kwaye inani labo liyinzuzo yengane. Ngelo xesha, le ntlawulo mayibe mahhala.

Ubungakanani bombuso wabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emithandathu engekho, zonke izenzo zabo azibalulekanga, oko kukuthi, ukuthengiselana kuya kubhengezwa.

Abantu abadala

Iintlobo zamandla zibandakanya amandla angaphezulu, kodwa angaphelelanga ukufezekiswa kwamandla omthetho. Ngoko, uhlobo olulandelayo lwenqanaba elincinci lusekho kwabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka elilishumi elinesibhozo, kodwa ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi elinesine. Kubantwana abanjalo, amandla okusebenzisa amalungelo abo sele sele ebanzi. Ukongeza kokukwazi ukwenza izinto ezifanayo kunye nabantwana, banokuthi:

1. Vula iibhanki kwiibhanki.
2. Yiba ngabalobi.
3. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumashishini.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi zizenzo azinokuzivelisa zona. Umthamo wabo wezomthetho uvumela abo bafana ukuba benze phantse nayiphi na intsebenziswano kunye nemvume yabazali babo, kwaye ekungabikho kwalolu hlobo - kunye nemvume yabagcini, abaphathiswa. Umzekelo, umntwana oneminyaka eyi-15 sele sele akwazi ukuthenga nokuthengiswa kwezindlu zangaphandle, ukuba kukho imvume ebhaliweyo yabameli bezomthetho.

Usemthethweni ngokupheleleyo

Njengoko sele kuthethwe ngaso, amandla osemthethweni ngokupheleleyo afika kunye nobudala. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwenza, kukho iimeko xa ukungakwazi ukukhubazeka kubonakala kubantwana. Umthetho uvumelekile ukuba uqaphele abantu abanjalo ngokwamandla afanelekileyo, kodwa kuphela xa behlangabezana neemfuno ezisisiseko.

Ngaloo ndlela, abazali bomntwana banelungelo lokunika imvume kwonyana okanye intombi yakhe, ukwenzela ukuba bakwazi ukubeka amandla abo ngokupheleleyo, ukuba nabo benza umsebenzi wokufumana umsebenzi, bafumana imali engenayo. Bangakwazi nokuqhuba umsebenzi woshishino, kwaye oku kuya kuba sisiseko. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umzali akavumelani nokwandisa amalungelo akhe kumntwana, unokufaka isicelo kwiinkundla. Emva koko ijaji iya kusombulula umba.

Esinye isizathu ngumtshato. Kakade, umtshato kufuneka ube ngokomthetho kwaye ubhaliswe kumaziko agunyazisiweyo. Kukholelwa ukuba ama-juveniles asemanyanweni omtshato kufuneka anelungelo lokuphumeza naziphi na izenzo ezisemthethweni.

Abantu abancinci abanegunya lomthetho

Iintlobo zesakhono azibandakanyi ukukwazi okupheleleyo kunye nokuzikhethela, kodwa kunye neenguqu ezahlukileyo. I-Code yezoLuntu ichaza oku kwinqaku le-29. Ukunciphisa umthamo wezomthetho yinto ebizwa ngokuba ngumncinci wamalungelo omntu onamandla ngokupheleleyo. Ngokutsho kwezenzo eziqhelekileyo, kuphela inkundla igunyazisiweyo ukuba ithathe amanyathelo athile, kodwa athatyathwa kubemi abanobuhlungu bokusela utywala okanye iziyobisi. Inkundla, ngesicelo sezizalwane okanye abanye abantu abanomdla, inokuthi ibenqande ekusebenziseni amalungelo abo. Ngokomzekelo, ngokuqhelekileyo, kukho amaxesha amaninzi xa abantu abagulayo banqatshelwe ukwenza imisebenzi.

Ukunciphisa umthamo wezomthetho ngumlinganiselo apho abantu abanesihlobo sabo abagula ngengqondo banyanzeliswa ukuba bachonge. Inkqubo yokunqongophala (ukuthintela) kwamalungelo kule meko iphinda iqhutywe kumagunya omgwebo. Ukuba ukugula kwengqondo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoko ke amandla angasuswa ngokupheleleyo.

Isiphelo

Ngaloo ndlela, akubona bonke abantu abanokusebenzisa amalungelo abo, kunye nokudala nayiphi na imisebenzi, njengoko i-Code Civil ichaza. Ukhuphiswano ngumgangatho ozuzwa ngobudala, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kunokulahleka. Enye into ehlukileyo yalo mgangatho kukuba ayikwazi ukuhanjiswa, ayikwazi ukushiywa. Iindidi zomthetho ezisemthethweni eziqwalaselwe kweli nqaku ziphelele, kodwa kwezinye iimeko kukho ukungafani, okulindelekileyo, kuthathwa nje kuphela kwiinkantolo.