Ulwimi Austria. Ulwimi olusemthethweni Austria

ulwimi Austria na uhlobo standard German. It has ifomu yayo ezibhaliweyo ngomlomo. Lusetyenziswa Austria kunye kumantla eItali. Olu lwimi ithathwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule ndawo. Yeyona kumajelo eziphambili kunye nezinye iimeko olusesikweni. Kubomi bemihla ngemihla, abaninzi Austrians sebenzisa iziyelelane wohlobo kunye Alemannic ka-German.

The Republic of Austria

Ulwimi, nto leyo ngoku igosa likarhulumente, wazalwa phakathi kwenkulungwane XVIII. Ngowe-1774, uKumkanikazi Maria Theresa kunye nonyana wakhe uYosefu II waqalisa isikolo okunyanzelekileyo. Ngelo xesha, uBukhosi Habsburg waba yeelwimi ezininzi. imigangatho ezibhaliweyo zithathwa 'High isiJamani ". A impembelelo ebalulekileyo kuye ngenxa iziyelelane wohlobo kunye Alemannic. Yolwimi Johann uSigmund Popovich wacebisa ukuba ukudala umgangatho omtsha. isiseko sayo kufuneka abe South-German neziyelelane. Noko ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezithile, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukubethelela njengolwimi standard "ofisi Saxon". Ekuqaleni, oko isetyenziswe njengento solawulo Meissen naseDresden.

Modern Austria - izwe laseYurophu, ikomkhulu layo - eVienna. Oku erhangqwe kwi ngasentla eJamani. labantu Austria oovimba kwesigidi sabantu 8,66. It esilawulwa abantu bomthonyama. Phakathi ezincane zikazwelonke - baseJamani, nama naseTurkey. Le ndawo iyonke karhulumente 83,879 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Austrian German lithambile yaye emnandi ngakumbi, encediswa ukusetyenziswa kakhulu isimamva - l. Kulo ulwimi, utsho 88,6% yabemi. Zombini ulwimi olubhaliweyo noluthethwayo kubemi Austria olwahlukileyo ulwimi olusemthethweni waseJamani. Eyona nto ikhangeleka lwesigodi wohlobo.

Ngenxa yoko, ulwimi olusemthethweni Austria buphuma imvelaphi enye wejografi, Swedish kunye German okunene. Nangona kunjalo, ilizwe ngalinye neziyelelane zalo. Le fom ebhaliweyo eyahlukileyo iye yasetyenziswa iminyaka emininzi. Sinzima kakhulu isakhiwo lwegrama kunye nesigama. "Zokubhala Saxon" ulwimi akukho lula ukuqonda, nkqu ngokupheleleyo Austrians kunye baseJamani. Kukho ezininzi isigama. Kule fomu akukho ntlobo zemimandla, ekubeni yayiyimini ezisetyenziswa ngurhulumente, leyo iminyaka emininzi ezinze eVienna. Namhlanje, lisetyenziswa ngaphantsi yaye ngaphantsi, kumaxwebhu ngokuthe ngcembe indawo kwi German eqhelekileyo.

ulwimi Modern Austria

ekumgangatho omtsha ebhalwe yaphuhliswa nguJoseph von Sonnenfels. Lusetyenziswa iincwadi mihla ukususela ngowe-1951. Bona epapashwe federal liSebe leMfundo, Arts and Culture of Austria. Ngaphambi koko, phantse 300 iminyaka kubhekwe iziyelelane umgangatho, koko kuthethiweyo yi-Habsburg asebukhosini kunye yezikhulu. Wayebalasele nezinga eliphezulu izandi ngeempumlo kuthelekiswa uguqulelo lwangoku. Ulwimi iye ayasekwa njengoko umgangatho - oluthethwa amaGrike akumgangatho ophezulu.

German lulwimi olusemthethweni Austria, ngokutsho-siseko weRiphabliki. Oko kuthethwa ngabantu malunga nezigidi ezisi-8. Lo mthetho umisela iilwimi kazwelonke bambalwa. In laseCarinthia and Styria usebenzisa Slovenian e Burgenland - Hungarian kunye Croatian.

njenge lwesigodi

plyuritsentrichen isiJamani. Ngako oko ke akunakwenzeka ukuba yeyiphi na indlela, esamkelwa njengoko igosa kwamanye amazwe, ichanekile. ulwimi Austria kubonakala ukuba abe ngomnye iintlobo standard German. Le meko ifana ubudlelwane phakathi British ne American IsiNgesi. Kukho umahluko kwezinye iinkalo ezingephi (umzekelo, amagama, isigama, igrama) Noko ke, abantu Austria kunye Germany uyakwazi ukunxibelelana.

Standard German e Austria

Dictionary esemthethweni ichaza imithetho yegrama kunye pronunciation, eyenziwe ngurhulumente. Ukuhlaziywa zamvanje kwenzeka ngo-1996. Noko ke, kwiRiphabliki of Austria usebenzisa ulwimi ngokwahlukileyo kancinci kunokuba eJamani. Ingakumbi umahluko obonakalayo ngokubhekiselele okupheka, ezoqoqosho kunye esemthethweni. Oku kungenxa awohluke yembali ukuyilwa Austria kunye eJamani uthi ezahlukeneyo kwinkulungwane XIX emva kwexesha.

Igrama kunye nesigama

lwesigodi Austria German, ezifana Swiss, usebenzisa isenzi eInsein abangabancedani kwixesha egqibeleleyo, hayi nje kuphela ngenxa amazwi intshukumo, kodwa urhulumente. phantse Ifom intetho preterituma awusebenzi. Ezi nketho ezinye ziintsiza-senzi. ulwimi Austria German kwakhona ezahlukeneyo kwiikota lungelelanisa. Umzekelo, eJamani ngoJanuwari nazyvayut Januar. E Austria - Jänner, «kulo nyaka," eliguqulelwa ngokuthi heur, kwaye dieses Jahr, «ngezinyuko» - Stiege, hayi Treppe, «itshimini» - Rauchfang, kunokuba Schornstein. amagama ezahlukeneyo ezininzi zolawulo, sezomthetho nezopolitiko, amagama imveliso. Phakathi kwabo:

• Amazambane. IsiJamani - Kartoffeln. Austria - Erdäpfel.
• cream kwakhuthazwa. IsiJamani - Schlagsahne. Austria - Schlagobers.
• Beef. IsiJamani - Hackfleisch. Austria - Faschiertes.
• iimbotyi eziluhlaza. IsiJamani - Kartoffeln. Austria - Erdäpfel.
• Cauliflower. IsiJamani - Blumenkohl. Austria - Karfiol.
• Brussels ikhaba. IsiJamani - Rosenkohl. Austria - Kohlsprossen.
• Apricot. IsiJamani - Aprikosen. Austria - Marillen.
• Iitumato. IsiJamani - Paradeiser. Austria - Tomaten.
• Enekuku. IsiJamani - Pfannkuchen. Austria - Palatschinken.
• Curd. IsiJamani - Quark. Austria - Topfen.
• Horseradish. IsiJamani - Meerrettich. Austria - Kren.

Asimele silibale ngayo i "bobuxoki abahlobo" itoliki. Amanye amagama zombini iilwimi abhalwa ngokufanayo kodwa aneentsingiselo ezahlukileyo.

izinto zommandla

ulwimi Austria German kuquka inani neziyelelane. Zingakotshwa kuvakala kwintetho yemihla ngemihla. Abahlali yaseBavaria kuba lula ukuqonda Austrians. amagama alula ncam okanye ezifana kakhulu iziyelelane ezininzi, kodwa kubhengezwa ngokwahlukileyo. Kuyenzeka rhoqo ukuze ubone indawo awazalelwa kuyo umthombo, phantse ngoko nangoko. Emva kokuba ukufikelela Austria esiya European Union, ulwimi olusemthethweni likhuselwe inombolo Protocol 10. Inani 23, lo gama sele yabelwe, ziphantsi kwinqanaba lezolimo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi ityala nanto. Austrian German nolwimi kuphela pluricentric ethathelwa ingqalelo umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe okanye yaseYurophu.