Iimeko eziphambili ukuntshula kwembewu

Neyantlukwano eziphilayo kunye iimpawu biology lwabo isakhiwo kunye nobomi ukufunda. Terms iqhuma kuqwalaselwa isebe layo ekuthiwa Botany,, apho isakhiwo luquka candelo - sisityalo zomzimba. iimeko eziyimfuneko enkulu ukuntshula imbewu - le ubushushu egqibeleleyo, ukufuma, ukufikelela simahla umoya, kukho imali eyaneleyo kwezondlo kuphuhliso umbungu, kwakunye imo ukhanyiso. Baya kuya kuxoxwa ngezantsi.

Ziziphi iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze ukuntshula imbewu

Imbewu wabumba intsholongwane imbewu kunye Angiospermae wambumba ngenxa kwezichumiso kabini, S. Navashin luvuliwe kwi-1861, ukuntshula yakhe kwenzeka ngexesha ukufikelela kweemeko ezivumayo nezincomekayo lokusingqongileyo, ekuthiwa izinto abiotic. Umbungu eziqulethwe imbewu nezenziwe yingcambu kwaye amagqabi kunye Isiqu osandul iqala ukukhula, le Ulobuza imbewu yaphulwe, kwaye ingcambu yokuqala imbewu ivela. It luyomelezwa emhlabeni kwaye iqala ngokuzimeleyo wanyisa amanzi kunye nezisombululo ze iityuwa izimbiwa, kubalulekile ukuba uphuhliso oluqhubekayo mbungu.

Ukongeza kwezi zinto, ngokuba ukuntshula imbewu nokukhula kuyimfuneko organic izinto ezifana starch, iiprotheni namafutha. Bayalelwa umbungu okanye cotyledons (y izityalo dicotyledonous, ezifana ertyisi, yemixoxozi, tomato, ikhaphetshu), okanye ngqo ukusuka endosperm langoku kwi imbewu izityalo monocotyledonous (ingqolowa, irayisi, rye). Ngoko ke, izinto abiotic elilungileyo kunye nokufumaneka kwezondlo - ezi iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze intshule.

iindlela period of ukuntshula kwembewu

Ukuba ufake phambi Umsebenzi onjalo: Chaza indima iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze ukuntshula kwembewu, uyacebiswa ukuba uqale iinkalo ukukhanya komzimba yezi nkqubo, ngokwenzululwazi achaze iimeko eziphambili eziyimfuneko ukuze uphuhliso mbungu. Ngoko ke, ukuntshula imbewu kuthiwa inguqu ukusuka amanye ekukhuleni kwezityalo ze ndiseyimbumba, ukuyilwa intsholongwane kuwo.

Imbewu ye ezinye izityalo intshula ngoko nangoko okanye kamsinya nje emva kokuba lokuvuthwa. iintlobo ezininzi umthi, umzekelo, xa gymnosperms - nespruce, pine, nomsedare, kwaye uninzi kwezityalo zehlathi herbaceous, imbewu kufuneka ixesha elide dormancy kwaye intshula kuphela emva kweminyaka 1-2 okanye ngaphezulu. Eli xesha kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, imifino, baba ziingcathu ezinezinga ukuntshula zichatshazelwa obushushu ebusika aphantsi. Enjalo into zokusingqongileyo, ezifana izibane, ayisoloko kuba nefuthe kweemeko ukuntshula kwembewu, njengokuba uninzi bakhulele ebumnyameni.

Ixabiso lobushushu elilelona

Imiqathango ibaluleke ukuntshula kwembewu - Nazi kakuhle abiotic, kuquka lobushushu uzalisekisa omnye wemisebenzi engundoqo. Xa izityalo agronomic zihlelwe yingqele-ukumelana nobushushu-bothando. Oko kwahlula kusebenza imbewu. Abanye, ezifana nembewu womnqatha ze lettuce, itswele, intshula kwiqondo lobushushu ezintle ephantsi, abanye (ithanga, iitumato, cucumber) ifuna ukuba umhlaba wotha ukuya kwiqondo lobushushu 10 - degrees 12.

Xa ukulima badla ukusebenzisa indlela yokuphucula ukuntshula kwembewu, ukufudumala yabo. Ungasebenzisa izixhobo zombane, kunye iimbewu zezityalo Cucurbitaceae usapho: yemixoxozi, ithanga, ivatala, imidumba (iimbotyi, iertyisi, iimbotyi zesoya) zifakwe emanzini kunye lobushushu 35-45 ° C, ngoko epholileyo eyomileyo. Amalahle imbewu kangangeeveki omnye okanye emibini phambi kokutyala emhlabeni kwandisa amandla ukuntshula, ukuthintela ukulibaziseka yezityalo, kwandisa imveliso.

Indima ukufuma iqhuma

Ukuqhubeka ukufunda iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze ukuntshula kwembewu, iya kugxininisa ukubaluleka kwamanzi. Kukho ubungqina bokuba emhlabeni inika inkqubo ekweneni idyasi imbewu, ubulunga wesitatshi haydrolisis. inkqubo ukuntshula Self iqala ngo efunxa iimbewu umthamo omkhulu wamanzi ujikeleze ngqo olungekazalwa. zaso ngamandla glucose ze aqale ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ekhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu osandul. Umzekelo, iimbewu beet ukufunxa amanzi 1.2 ngamaxesha ubunzima bayo, yaye clover - 1.5. Kumakhaya babucala osetyenziswa ngokubanzi indlela efunxa loo mbewu ifakwe emanzini, ukufikelela ukuntshula ingcambu osandul.

Umphumo mpilo kuphuhliso imbewu

Ukuqwalasela iimeko ezingundoqo ukuntshula kwembewu, siphawula imfuno ukufikelela simahla lomoya, ethi isetyenziswe ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ukuphefumla olumandla imbewu utyebile. Kwezolimo, idla ngokusetyenziswa ophuphumayo of: kuxutywa loo mbewu ifakwe emanzini phantsi kwempembelelo oksijini okanye nomoya zinikwe isiguquli. Kakhulu ukuzibamba imbewu kunye ngamandla ephantsi (iminqathe, parsnips, amatswele).

Yintoni technology EM?

Xa sibhenela agrarians ezaziphila isicelo ukuba imisele imiqathango ukuntshula i yembewu, impendulo, ukongeza zonke izinto ezaziwayo abiotic, siya kuva isindululo ukusebenzisa arhente ngeentsholongwane, ezifana "izimvu EM-1", equlethe acid, iintsholongwane photosynthesis lactic kunye nomngundo, ezifana nagwele. Kule sisombululo kweziyobisi simanzi silungiselwe utyala imbewu iiyure 2-3. Le iteknoloji eshukumisa inkqubo yokukhula kwaye komeleza amandla ukuntshula kwembewu, kwaye kananjalo kwandisa omzimba yezityalo ezinambuzane kwandisa isivuno.

scarification kwembewu

Ukuze ingqalelo zonke iimeko ukuntshula kwembewu, kuyimfuneko ukuba ahlale kule ndlela njengoko scarification (umonakalo ngabom, ebavalelayo ukuba idyasi imbewu ngesandla). Ukulungiselela le njongo, umxube imbewu isanti okanye wentsimbi imvuthuluka irhabaxa. Ngenxa besila testa ezonakeleyo. Le ndlela ngokukhawuleza kwimveku ufumana amanzi ezifunekayo ukuntshula kwembewu.

imbewu Ukuwucola

Ukubakho izondlo ezaneleyo - yinto ebalulekileyo ukuntshula kwembewu, ingakumbi abo ubungakanani encinane, yaye ngaloo ndlela isitokhwe encinane izondlo zabo. Imbewu tomato, itswele, iminqathe, ikhaphetshu drazhiruyut, ngamanye isale ngomaleko kwezinto eziphilayo okunesondlo ndingahlangani imbewu usebenzisa isisombululo wesitatshi - okanye intlama mullein esandul '. Phambi kokuba imbewu Ukuwucola ukukala, oko kukuthi zinokulungiswa ngayo, eshiya ifomu sikhulu kakhulu echanekileyo. Le ndlela eziphembelela iimeko ukuntshula kwembewu, ikhuthaza kwaye someleze obutsha ekuntshuleni zabo.

Kweli nqaku, iimeko eziphambili ukuntshula kwembewu zabalulwa, ezizezi ukufuma, ubushushu, kuxhomekeke iintlobo zezityalo emaXhoseni, kukho ioksijini emoyeni ize emhlabeni, umthamo owaneleyo izondlo ukwenzela uphuhliso umbungu kunye mihla iindlela iimeko ngcono ukuntshula imbewu .