Iikulya Mechnikov - uMdali e-worldwork theory yeselula sifo

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX, oogqirha kunye zebhayoloji belo xesha ngokukhutheleyo uphando indima kwamagciwane kuphuhliso izifo ezosulelayo, kwakunye ithuba lokwakha omzimba ngumntu kubo. Ezi zifundo kwakhokelela ekufundweni iinyaniso malunga ukhuseleko endalo umzimba zizifo. Pasteur wanikela kuluntu lwezenzululwazi ingcamango ebizwa ngokuba "sona amandla." Ngokwalo mbono, okukwazi egazini imeko apho umzimba womntu hayi zimbiwa ngenxa arhente eziyingenelo esosulelayo. Noko ke, le mbono ayikwazanga chaza inani kokuma ezisebenzayo.

Ngeentshuntshe: theory zeselula sifo

Le ngcamango wabonakala ngo-1883. UMdali e-worldwork theory sifo yeselula yayisekelwe kwiimfundiso Charles Darwin, kwaye zisekelwe phezu isifundo kweenkqubo zokwetyisa kwezilwanyana, ezo zibekwe kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo izinto zazivelela. Umbhali e-worldwork theory obuqwalaselwe-kubalwa uye wafumana abathile ukufana kwi ukugaywa intracellular kwezinto iiseli endoderm, amoebae, macrophage zeethishu kunye monocytes. Eneneni, ithiyori zeselula ye okukwazi okudalwe sebhayoloji odumileyo Russian iikulya Mechnikov. umsebenzi wakhe kulo ndawo ixesha enilichithe ngokwaneleyo. Ukufumana kwabo umva ukuya kufikelela kwisixeko Italian Messina, apho ezinto eziphilayo ukuze bagcine indlela yokuziphatha kwe iintakumba yolwandle kwindawo beenkwenkwezi yolwandle.

A sezifo bafumanisa ukuba iiseli eziphekuziweyo waphawula izidalwa umzimba ezingaqhelekanga ingqongwe, bese umzimba kubo. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka zitshatyalaliswe, kwaye igqiba ezo kwizihlunu angafunekiyo yi umzimba ngakumbi. Wenza imigudu emikhulu ukuphuhlisa ingqiqo yayo. UMdali e-worldwork theory sifo yeselula liqalise, enyanisweni, ibinzana elithi "iiseli phagocytic" livela ngamazwi Greek "fages" - nidle "kitos" - cell. Ukuba siphelise entsha ngokoqobo libhekisela kwinkqubo ngokutya iiseli. Ingcamango ezi ziiphagocytes Scientist lifikile kancinane ngaphambili, xa ndifunda ukugaywa intracellular kwizisele ezahlukeneyo nokuqina izitho ezingenamqolo: iziponji, ziiamoeba kunye nezinye.

Abameli zehlabathi isilwanyana ephezulu ziiphagocytes kakhulu angafuna kubizwa ngokuba iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ie leukocytes. Kamva, uMdali kwithiyori sifo yeselula wacela ukuba ukwabelana ezi seli ukuba macrophage, kunye macrophage. Lulungiswe siqinisekiswe ukuphumeza osahluleyo Isazinzulu P. Ehrlich ezohlula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo leukocytes yi bala. Xa imisebenzi yakhe yakudala eyahlulelwe ukuba ngezifo na ukudumba, uMdali ingcamango yeselula sifo wakwazi ukubonisa indima iiseli phagocytic kwinkqubo nokuphelisa kwamagciwane. Sele 1901 weza ehlabathini yomsebenzi wakhe angundoqo kwi omzimba kwizifo ezosulelayo. Ukongeza iikulya Mechnikov, igalelo elibalulekileyo kuphuhliso kunye nokusasazwa thiyori phagocytic sifo eyenziwe IG Savchenko, fy Chistovich, LA Tarasevich, AM Birch, VI Isayev kunye nenani abanye abaphandi.