Iflegi yeGypsy. Imbali kunye nenkcubeko yabantu baseGypsy

Kwiinkcukacha zenkcazelo, endaweni yegama eliqhelekileyo elithi "gypsies", igama elithi "rum" lifumaneka rhoqo. Impendulo yombuzo othi kutheni olu khetho lunikezelwa kuqala lufunyenwe kwixesha elidlulileyo. Kule nqaku, unokufunda malunga nembali yabantu kwaye ufumane ukuba ifulethi yeGypsy ibonakala njani.

Abadala beeGypsies zanamhlanje

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba igama elithi "Roma" lisasazwa kuphela kumazwe aseYurophu naseMzantsi Afrika. Ama-Armenia ala bantu abiza "iindiba", kwaye amaPalestina kunye namaSiriya "zizindlu". Kwiimeko zeelwimi, kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini zeemvelaphi zamaRom zanamhlanje:

1. Kwixesha elidlulileyo kakhulu, imimandla esenyakatho-ntshona yeIndiya yayinobuzwe, ezinye zazo zafudukela emazweni angumakhelwane.
2. Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo i-gypsies yahlala kwintsimi yamandla aseRom (iByzantium), apho bahlala khona phantse iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu. Ngako oko, babiza omnye nomnye amaRoma. Ngaloo ndlela, emva kokuba ikhefu likhishwe kule gama kwaye liqaliswe ngolwimi lweGypsy, lwafumana isandi esitsha, i E. "Roma". Nangona kunengqiqo enengqiqo, bonke ooyise bafana nabangama-gypsies abangalahlayo kufuneka bafunwa eNdiya.

Kuya kuba kukuphosakela ukucinga ukuba amaRoma aye ahamba eluhambweni ngaphandle kwenjongo ethile, apho amehlo abo ayekhangela khona, okanye ajikeleza efuna ukuhamba. Kubonakala ukuba, bashiya amakhaya abo, njengoko besithi, kungekhona ebomini obuhle. Ukuzula i-gypsy kubangelwa zizizathu ezinzulu. Kubonakala ukuba, baqhutywe ngqalelo kwezoqoqosho. Kuphela kwimihlaba engatshatyalaliswa yindawo kawonkewonke yabathengi bee-tabor, abaninzi abathengi abatsha abanomdla ekuvumeni. Abenzi bezandla babekwazi ukuthengisa umphumo wezabasebenzi. Imbali yabantu base-gypsy izaliswe intlungu, kodwa abantu abazange balibale ngokuzonwabisa kunye nemidaniso.

Abantu abanomdla

Kukho umahluko phakathi kweRom kuxhomekeke kwilizwe labo abahlala kuyo. Ukuqonda ukubunjwa akulula. Kukho amaqela ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo, umsebenzi kunye nezinye iimpawu zenkcubeko kunye nama-ethnos.

AmaGysi ayingabantu basekuqaleni, abo bonke abantu abaye baqonda iimbali zabantu ngokusemgangathweni. Isimo sengqondo ehluke ngokupheleleyo kwigolide kunye nenkululeko. Abameli beli hlanga banamasela angalinganiyo. AmaRoma athambekele ekuphindiseleleni nabani na. Ngomdla onothando onothando, kwakhona, iimbali ziyahamba, kwaye iimvakalelo ezizaliswe yimvakalelo zithinta umphefumlo. Umculo we-Gypsies unxibe umbala okhethekileyo, ngoko kuyahlala kukumnandi ukuphulaphula imisebenzi yekampu.

Iingxaki ngemfundo

Kodwa phakathi kweRom, ngezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga, unokufumana abameleli bezakhono eziqilileyo kunye nobugcisa: abakhi bezakhiwo, abadwebi, abalobi, njl njl. Abo bantu abanothando benkululeko bahlonela ngokuhlonipha isizwe sabo, aba "bachithe" kwinkcubeko yendawo apho bafanele baphile khona. Kukho neflegi yeGypsy.

Nangona kubonakala ukuba abameli belizwe lobuRoma bafumaneka kwiindawo zonke zehlabathi apho kukho impucuko, bakwazi ukugcina inkcubeko yabo. Kubandakanywa isahluko se-caste yamalungu asekuhlaleni eNdiya. Ngesinye isikhathi, iRom ibe nenkohlakalo, ngokutsho kwintsapho ye-gypsy eyayithatha imfundo yabantwana abangabahlali abangahlali nabantwana. Umama ngamnye wafundisa iintombi zakhe ngobulumko bokuxela.

Indima yamadoda nabasetyhini kwinkampu

Ngokweziko zeGypsy, iintsapho ezininzi zahlanganisana kwinkampu. Ngamnye wabo unelungelo lokurhoxisa kulo mbutho xa kukho umnqweno. Inani eliphezulu leentente ezihambayo zafikelela kuma-25. Onokufumana konke, kwakudingeka ukwahlukana ngokulinganayo phakathi kwamalungu omphakathi, kubandakanywa nabakhubazekile nabalupheleyo. Imbono yenziwe ngabameli beesini zesibini abangenazo iintsapho, ngamnye kubo angabalelwa kuphela kwisiqingatha se sabelo esifanelekileyo. Ifunyenwe iya kumaqela amabhinqa kunye namabhinqa, phakathi kokumiselwa koqhagamshelwano kunye nokuncedisana.

Isithethe se-Gypsy sisangele iintlanga eziphucukileyo, kodwa nangona kunjalo, izithethe ezininzi ziye zahlala nanamhlanje.

Imithetho yobomi kwinkampu

Bonke abo babehlala kwinkampu babenyanzelekile ukuba bagcine ngokungqongqo imigaqo yokuziphatha esetyenzisiweyo. Ijehliso sathunjwa kwithuba elithile okanye ngonaphakade. Kwintloko yekampu yayingumkhokeli ogunyazisiweyo, lowo wonke umntu wayemele alalele ngokungathandabuzekiyo. Unako ukukhonza njengejaji xa kuyimfuneko. Kodwa xa inkokheli yenze isenzo esingalunganga kanye, indlela eyalelwe ngayo ngokukhawuleza yamagunya akhe yaxoshwa kwinkampu.

Kwinkampu amadoda ahlala kwindawo ekhokelayo, Ibhinqa kungakhathaliseki ukuba imdala yayingayithobela indoda yakhe okanye uyise, ngokulandelanayo. Kwaye umsebenzi wabasetyhini kwakukuqinisekisa ukuba amadoda kunye neentsapho zondliwa. Ifulegi ye-gypsies ibonakala kwimizuzu yonke. Abanye bayamangaliswa kukuba abaphakamileyo banamagama abo.

Le ndoda yanikezwa ithuba lokufumana abafazi abaninzi, ababa ngabaqeshwa bakhe. Kwakunenzuzo. Isithembu siqinisekisiwe kungekhona nje ucosi, kodwa nesinye isiqinisekiso sokuphila kakuhle. Akukho nto emangalisayo, kuba ubuhlobo bentsapho ye-gypsy kukuba abafazi abaxhamlayo kunye nabaceli bacela abantu babo abasondeleyo ngemali.

Abesifazana babelana kwinkampu

Ngokomgaqo weGypsy, uyise, ukunika intombi yakhe emtshatweni, wahlawula umtshakazi. Ukudala umtshato, amantombazana aneminyaka eyi-15 okanye kwiminyaka eyi-12 ayifanelekile. Umfazi, owokuqala waba ngumama, wayegqoka intloko ekhethekileyo, eqinisekisa ubungqina bomtshato wakhe.

Ukususela kuloo mzuzwana, wayekwazi ukuphuma ngaphandle aze acele uncedo. Intsapho yaseRom inabantwana abaninzi. Ngoko ke, umama-umama kwakudingeka asebenze kanzima kubo bonke ukuba bagqoke kwaye badle. Xa wayeya emsebenzini, abantwana basoloko bephantsi kokunyamekelwa koogogo abaneminyaka yobudala. Iimeko ezinjalo zokuphila zesizukulwana esincinane zichaza ukuba kutheni bonke abazange baphile.

Ezi zithethe zamagypsy ziyamangalisa. Ukuphakamisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo umbuzo wendlela abantwana besi sizwana sikhula ngayo, kodwa izithethe zihlala, kwaye akuzona zonke ezikulungele ukuzintshabalalisa.

Imvelaphi yamaGypsies, unqulo kunye nezinye iimpawu

Ngenxa yokuxhaphaka kweRom kwiilwimi zabo ezikhoyo. Abafudukayo okanye abahlala kwiindawo zokuhlala kufuneka bafunde ulwimi lommandla apho kufuneka bahlale khona. Ubuhlobo bembali beRoma kunye ne-Indiya buqinisekisa ukuba isigama sabo sinezigidi ezimashumi amathathu zeeSanskrit (i-Indiano). Iflegi yeGypsy ibonakale ngoku kutshanje kwezi zizathu.

Ngokuphathelele inkolo kunye neenkolelo, akukho sikhundla apha. Ama-Gypsies aguqule ngokukhawuleza, Iinkcubeko zoluntu lwabantu. Kukho nawuphi na, bahlala benenkolelo.

Kwakhona, indawo ejikelezileyo inefuthe elibi ekudleni kunye nangendlela yokugqoka. Kwisihlwele, i-gipsy ilula ukuyiqonda ngeengubo zayo ezide kwaye zihamba ngeenyawo, ngokuqhelekileyo amacici ayo ahlotshiswe ngamacici, iintamo zentamo, iintambo - amabhonkce, iminwe - iindandatho. Kwaye umculo we-Gypsies ngowona nto ibonakalayo kwaye iyinyanisekileyo.

Iflegi kaZwelonke

Ngowe-1971, kwiNtloko yaseNgilani, i-World Congress yaseRom yabanjelwa, eyayivunyiweyo yesizwe. Inxalenye ephakamileyo yepaneli ibonwe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ifanekisela isibhakabhaka nobungokomoya. Isiqingatha esingaphantsi sifanekisela ngokubanzi umhlaba, insimu eluhlaza; Ukugxininisa kwiimpawu zobuntu beRom njengendlela yokuziphatha kunye nokuziqhenya kwazo. Ifulegi ye-gypsies ithatha intsingiselo ekhethekileyo.

Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo amaninzi aphezulu. Umda phakathi kwabo ngumgca we-axial ogqithisa phakathi kwevili elibomvu kunye nezikhulumi ezisibhozo-umqondiso wendlela. Le nxalenye yeflegi ibonisa ukuba amaRom akhetha indlela yokuphila engahleliyo. Ivili lidwetshwe ngombala, lidibene negazi lala ma-gypsies awafa ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Ekuqaleni, iflegi yeGipsy yayinevili legolide.

Ngokutsho kwengcaciso enethemba, isondo sinombala obomvu, kuba abameli bala bantu bathanda kakhulu iiholide. AmaGypsies, abavela kwiintlanga ezahlukileyo, basebenzise iimpawu ezahlukileyo ukubonisa isondo (chakra) kwiflegi.

Kukho neyomculo we-gypsy. Iyakwazi ukuva kwiinkampu ezikufutshane needolophu.