Tsunami e Japan: Ibangela, Imiphumo kunye nexhoba

Amaxesha amaninzi, imbali usibonisile abantu besi- xa kufikwa iintlekele zemvelo. Uninzi iintlekele kwangaphambili, ngelishwa, akunakwenzeka. Yiloo nto kanye eyenzekayo kunye tsunami eJapan, apho owabulala amawaka abantu ngo-2011.

ingozi Earth

Ngomhla ngohlangothi eMpuma Asia, kukho likwindawo elincinane. indawo layo ngumxube ngaphezu kwama 6,000 iziqithi weentaba mlilo. Umhlaba wonke isekelwe phezu inkqubo Ring yoMlilo. Kungenxa kule nxalenye kukho ezininzi iinyikima. Izazinzulu ziye bazimisele ukuba i-10% of cataclysms zehlabathi ezinxulumene nale meko, olwenzeka kude nonxweme Japanese.

Yonke imihla, eli lizwe ukubandezeleka evela umothuko wamva. Ngokubanzi, ngonyaka, eli lizwe ntli malunga 1,500 lugwayimbo. Uninzi lwazo zikhuselekile, ekubeni kuluhlu kumanqaku e-4 ukuya 6 kwisikali iRichter. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa le gagasi engenabungozi emakhayeni abo nezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, ezibanzi kunye eziphakamileyo iindonga kwazi dlalisa. indawo Critical kweli lizwe ukusukela amanqaku 7 okanye ngaphezulu. ubukhulu amaza wenyikima kunye magnitude 9, iye busisigxina tsunami ngo Japan ngo-2011.

imbali

Ke kaloku, urhulumente malunga ne-110 mlilo. Imisebenzi abathile kubo amaxesha ngamaxesha ikhokelela iintlekele. Ngokomzekelo, xa inyikima 1896, izinga amandla leyo ufikelele kwinqanaba 7.2 ubukhulu yabangela itsunami. Ngoko ke ukuphakama yomtshangatshangiso yayiziimitha 38. Isiqalelo abangu 22,000. Noko ke, akuzange kube yeyona ntlekele ezimbi.

NgoSeptemba 1923, kwakukho Enkulu Kanto Inyikima, ogama emva mmandla baza kakhulu. Koko wababulala abantu kwama-170 000.

Ngowe-1995, eli lizwe enqamlezeneyo kwakhona. Eli xesha, yaba kumbindi womhlaba kwisixeko Kobe. Ubetha ngoko lenyuka ngaphakathi amanqaku 7.3. Le ntlekele athi ubomi 6500.

Kodwa eyabizwa kakhulu ezoyikekayo yenzeka kweli lizwe ngoMatshi 2011. Ukuntsonkotha intlekele yendalo waba isibakala sokuba eli xesha iingcangcazela bephelekwa ngamaza aphakamileyo. Tsunami eJapan kwadala ilahleko engathethekiyo. Amashumi amawaka abantu bafa, amakhulu amawaka abantu basala ngaphandle amakhaya kunye zokuhlala.

iinkqubo zendalo

Unobangela wengozi yaba kungquzulwano of amacwecwe amabini - i-Pacific and Okhotsk. Oku ligcinwe kwi imeko yesibini siqithi. Kwinkqubo yeentshukumo kwezakhi olubi kulwandlekazi lithosfere okukhulu ngakumbi kwaye inzima ngaphantsi inxalenye zwekazi. Ngokunxulumene ukubana ezi ndawo zenzeka iingcangcazela, zikhokelela neenyikima. Noko ke, amandla abo iphezulu kakhulu ngexesha kukujaduka mlilo.

Ukubamba ukuqikelela inkqubo engenakwenzeka. Ngaphezu koko , eli lizwe ayikho iimpembelelo amandla amanqaku 8-8.5 kulindeleke.

Ngenxa khona njalo ingozi kwi Japan unawo wezazi zibhetele zesayensi ehlabathini. iilabhoratri zabo kwafakwa izixhobo zale mihla. Nangona ngcali abakwazi elide phambi kokuba impembelelo ubundlobongela ukuqikelela ingozi ukuba ukulumkisa abantu ngalo ntlekele.

Ukususela ngoMatshi 9, 2011 waqala inyikima minor. Tsunami kwezi uyothuka Yayingekho. Wokucoca zibhalwe ngamagama ezimbalwa kumanqaku e-6 ukuya kwesi-7.

Warning inkathazo

Ngokutsho kweengcali, uqhekeko iipleyiti wabonakala 373 km ukusuka eTokyo. Enye umzuzu phambi kokuba ntlekele kwisiqithi wezazi oomatshini abhalwe ingozi, kwaye idata oku ngokukhawuleza zidluliselwe onke amajelo TV. Ngaloo Kuye zasindisa ubomi obuninzi. Kodwa okubulala ihamba ngesantya ka-4 km / s, ngoko emva kokuba umzuzu kunye nesiqingatha lizwe layigubungela inyikima.

Kubekho umkhosi push lamanqaku 9.0. Kwathi March 11 ngo 14:46. Emva koko wahamba amagalelo yayiphindwa amandla esezantsi zokunganyangeki. Ngokubanzi, uye waba ngaphezu kwama-400 umothuko wamva zamanqaku 4.5 ukuya 7.4 kwilizwe liphela.

iipleyiti Rift komhlaba eyabangela itsunami eJapan. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba amaza saa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Silumkiso wafumana kumazwe eselunxwemeni North nakuMzantsi Melika.

iingcali Employment

Emva kokuba ukuyilwa iimpazamo zokuqala noqweqwe, besimo baqalisa ukwazisa abantu malunga nobungozi. Inqanaba ixhala kwakukubi kakhulu.

Iingcali sabonisa ukuba ukuphakama ngumtshangatshangiso ukufikelela iimitha ezi-3 ubuncinane. Kodwa kukho udonga lwamanzi kwizixeko yonxweme ezahlukeneyo waba obude ahlukeneyo. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba kuphela eChile, nto leyo imi kumgama 17,000 km ukusuka eJapan, wave ukuphakama kuyimitha 2 olulwayo lwadamba.

Le nyikima yenzeke neekhilomitha ezingama-70 ukusuka kwindawo komhlaba elikufutshane. Ngenxa yoko, kwimimandla kufutshane nombindi nezehlo ezamehlelayo kuqala. Amanzi ngokwaneleyo imizuzu 10-30 ukuya kwezinye iindawo eziselunxwemeni lizwe.

Ubetha emhlabeni yaseJapan ngayo nokuba at 14:46. Yaye sele e 15:12 ngomhla nokulatyuza malunga 7 eemitha eliphezulu kufikelela kwisixeko Kamaishi. Emva koko amanzi ibubutyobo iindawo, ngokuxhomekeke Indawo yabo indawo. Eyona tsunami aphezulu sabhalwa kwinginqi Miyako. Kwakukho ke ukuphakama kuyimitha-4 ukuya kuma-40. Esi sixeko kwakhona ezichatshazelwe kakhulu yile ntlekele.

amanzi nombulali

Isiqalelo ngenkankulu washiya wabangxwelerhiweyo. Abo akazange azifihle ezinkathazweni, ngoko nangoko wafa maelstrom. Wall utshayelwe iimoto umendo walo, izibonda, imithi kunye nezindlu. Abantu abangazange ephumile sisibatha ukuya kwindawo ekhuselekileyo, wafa phakathi lowo doti omkhulu.

Ngenxa tsunami eJapan, malunga 530 ezikwere zeekhilomitha yeendawo eyakhelwe-up iye kutshatyalaliswa. Phezu komhlaba, apho phambi kwakukho izindlu, iivenkile kunye neendlela, baba zitsho kobutyobo. Amanzi zihlanjiwe yonke into ngaphandle isiseko.

Ngokutsho idatha yakutshanje, inani lamaxhoba kwi-16 000. Elinye abantu 2,500 nangoku Shicilela. kwesiqingatha sesigidi imiphefumlo basala bengenamakhaya. imisebenzi Ukufuna kwaqhubeka ixesha elide. amaqela ngoko nangoko zakha zokuzithandela ngokugaya ngamajoni, kwakunye umsebenzi wahamba National Guard. Iphanga Abantu enqabileyo ukhaliphe avalelwe ngaboni ngokwabo.

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba imisebenzi Ukufuna kwaqhubeka ixesha elide abaninzi abazange, nisindiswe. Tsunami emibi ebuhlungu.

ukubala ilahleko

uqoqosho yaseJapan iye hit kanzima yi eyabizwa. Ngokutsho izazinzulu, negalelo ngexesha lokugqibela ngolo hlobo ngokwemigqaliselo yemali lizwe ifumene kuphela ngexesha Second World War. aphulwa Amakhulu kwamadama. Kuphela emva kokuba bahlaziye imizi enxwemeni uya kukwazi ukujonga kwakhona. Ezinye iilali sathululwa ngokupheleleyo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba tyala lakufa 95% labantu na iingcangcazela, oko kukuthi amaza aphezulu.

Ngenxa yenyikima enamandla kwenzeka imililo ezininzi mveliso. Ingozi kwisityalo "Fukushima-1", kanye umthamo omkhulu radiation othe emoyeni.

Ngokubanzi, iimpembelelo ze-tsunami kunye nenyikima kuxabisa ilizwe $ 300 yezigidi zezigidi. Ukongeza, samisa umsebenzi izityalo inkulu.

Wandinceda ukulwa amanye amazwe sibetho. South Korea kuqala wathumela ibutho le nabancedi, lowo wawuqalayo ngaphakathi kwenu umsebenzi search.

Emva kokuba iziganeko kaMatshi wezazi kuqatshelwe ukuba inani iinyikima zomhlaba engephi Nqabakazi lonke Japanese liye landa kakhulu.

Umsebenzi kwiingingqi

izigulo baninzi abazisa eyona tsunami yaseJapan ngo-2011. Xa amanzi iphelile, endaweni kanye ubumelwane iyabathanda baba ziimfumba yenkunkuma. Yaba kwitekisi izindlu, ifenitshala, izinto zasekhaya kunye neemoto. Ukuze ekucoceni, uhlobo kwaye susa iintsalela zezixeko kwafuneka ukuba inike abantu babekhupha iinkuntyula zemali. Udoti okulahlwayo abangaphezu kwezigidi 23.

abantu abangenamakhaya elahlala kwiiflethi okwethutyana. Iintsapho banikwa izindlu amancinane amagumbi omnye okanye emibini. Ebusika kwakubanda kakhulu. Abantu abaninzi baye baphelelwa yimisebenzi yabo, ngoko kwafuneka ukuba baphile kuphela iintlawulo karhulumente. Ngokubanzi, 3% yelizwe efunekayo wokulungisa epheleleyo. Kwiingingqi apho namaza ezidlulileyo eziphakamileyo, basinda ngokungummangaliso kuphela izindlu enye, kodwa sifuna ukulungiswa kakhulu.

Kunjalo, Japan emva kokuba itsunami weza odola ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Iingcali zithi sisihelegu abangaka lilodwa zenzeka rhoqo emva kweminyaka 600.

umonakalo noqhekeko ukuze okusingqongileyo kwaye wenza isityalo amandla enyukliya. zone Imitha kuyi- nto km ngaphezu kwama-20. kususwa ngokupheleleyo umhlaba kuphela inqwaba iminyaka.

Esi siganeko waya ezantsi imbali yinyikima enkulu East Japan.