Ian Fleming (Ian Fleming): engobomi, usapho kunye nemisebenzi umbhali IsiNgesi

Abantu abaninzi namhlanje bafuna ukukholelwa abangomaqhawe kunye kwemvelo. Aze ebomini iintlobo iimvakalelo ngendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nangeengcinga. Abantu abaninzi bayazi imbali kunye nothotho nanto kaYakobi Bond bhanya. Lo mlinganiswa ithathwa zenoveli okuthandwayo umbhali IsiNgesi. igama lakhe - Ian Fleming. Oko ngenxa lamabali akhe yayidla bhanya kakhulu, ophambili kwawo edume 007.

Ulwazi malunga ebuntwaneni yombhali

Ian Fleming, ogama engobomi na akanamdla de iinoveli malunga James Bond, wazalwa May 28, 1908 eLondon. Intsapho apho kwakukho inkwenkwe, kwabakho esisityebi kunene kwaye kakuhle yaziwa apha kwisithili. Kwaba Kungokwemvelo ukuba abazali, owayesebenza ekwakhiweni yePalamente, ukuqinisekisa ukuba umntwana ubomi eyona ethembisayo, kuba oko, waza wasebenza ixesha elide. Bazama nzima kakhulu ukuba amalungiselelo Jan kwi iikholeji ezingcono wathembisa isiphelo ukuphakama kwakhe, nokubonelela unyana wakhe yonke into oyifunayo.

Yayingeyiyo Ian Fleming waphumelela i "Eton College", yaye emva kwempumelelo ukufumana umsebenzi kwi-arhente "Reuters", apho wayefunda lobuntatheli. Oku kungenxa unina ubudlelwane elizayo umbhali, leyo ngandlela zonke ukunceda unyana wakhe. Kungekudala wamnika umsebenzi wakhe, ngelishwa, owaswelekelwa ngutata wakhe. Valentine Fleming wafa ngethuba leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi, oko kuthiwa hero yaye ngokufuthi wamisela umzekelo Jan

Sikhule

Ian Fleming umfana ekwaziyo kunene. Wafunda ngokukhawuleza, ngenkuthalo inxaxheba kwezemidlalo sinikele ingqalelo ulwimi. Lo mfana wayefuna ukuba esikhulu. Ngelishwa, oku wahlala amaphupha Jan, kuba itshone uviwo enkulu - IsiNgesi.

Xa usebenza-arhente "Reuters", Yang woku- ndinganelisekanga, ikakhulu ngokwe eziphathekayo: kuhlawulwa kancinane, kwaye mfo wayefuna ukuba baphile ngcono. Kwiminyaka embalwa emva Fleming wancama ubuntatheli, wagqiba kwelokuba abuyele kwesi sifundo, ngenxa yokuba iphefumlelwe aze avunyelwe ukuba ukuphuhlisa italente zabo.

A indima ebalulekileyo kubomi mfana waba kokufumana Ubukrelekrele yomkhosi. Umphathi kunye namanye amagosa bavuya nje nengxelo kunye neengxelo Fleming, ngenxa yokuba zisoloko lula ukufunda kwaye umdla, ukonwabisa, ngathi abacuphi yokwenene. Ian Fleming Yaduma neminqweno ezingaqhelekanga, ubuchule bokufunda nokubhala, yena kanye ayilungelelene. Ukongeza, kukho ngokupheleleyo ukumelana imisebenzi ezizodwa, apho kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezizodwa, kunye nokuphuhlisa izicwangciso.

anika umdla

ubomi Yana Fleminga izele iimfihlakalo kunye neziganeko engakholelekiyo. Zonke iMfazwe Yehlabathi II lo mfana echithwe On mhlekazi yalo Secret Service. Yena asuswa uKumkani Albania, ubudlelwane esekwe kunye namahlakani ngaphakathi kummandla we-United States, wafuna ilebhu ngasese kwaye ilawulwa imisebenzi enzima. Emva kokuphela zokulwa, Fleming wagqiba ekubeni umhlala-phantsi ukuba benze izinto ezibe ethandwa nguye.

Kunyaka wokugqibela imfazwe ekhula Jamaica waqonda ukuba ihlabathi lingaveli ukuhlasela, ukudutyulwa kunye nokufa. Apho wabona isixa esikhulu zeziqhamo ezikhoyo, Roma ulwandle imozulu intle - iparadesi umntu yakho endala. Ian wagqiba ukuhlala esiqithini onwabele nomoya elinomtsalane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Loo isandi ulwandle engqongwe libalele, uxolo nolonwabo, Fleming wakha kwityotyombe elingemva ababhala imigca yokuqala inoveli yakhe edumileyo.

ukuba umbhali

Kwityotyombe elingemva, apho umbhali wayephila, ebizwa i "Golden Eye". Kungenxa kule ndawo ingaqhelekanga phezu Secret Life Yana Fleminga waqala ezahlukeneyo kunene. Eli xesha yaba kukutshintsha kuba umntu, endlwini yakhe zothando wabonakala incwadi yokuqala malunga arhente 007. Ukongeza, omnye iinoveli waba igama elifanayo njengoko endlini encane Fleming. Ukususela ngoko, imfihlakalo kunye adventure elidlulileyo kuboniswa kuphela kumaphepha kweenoveli ooYakobi Bond ezilawula ngokufanelekileyo.

Life Fleming Family

Abalandeli umbhali umdla kakhulu ukwazi ngobomi bakhe. Okokugqibela kodwa ubuncinane na anomdla umbuzo enoba utshatile Ian Fleming. Intsapho wababhali lasekwa ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ngenxa mfana umntu osisi kunye mnogolyubom. Yena akazange umfazi esisigxina. Xa Yang waqalisa ukudibana ubuhle otshatileyo, oku akumangalisi. Ke kaloku kwafika ixesha xa Fleming sagqiba ekubeni sihlale. Anna wakhe oyintanda isaziso sokuba ukhulelwe kwaye ukulungele ukufumana umtshato ngenxa yabo ulonwabo lwentsapho. Umbhali ezaziwayo-kakuhle ebudaleni sorokatrehletnem bafunda ngokukhawuleza ukuba uya kuba nguyise, waliguqula ngokupheleleyo izimvo zabo ubomi elizayo. Ngomonde walindela umnyulwa wakhe e Jamaica, ngexesha ubhala inoveli "Casino" Royal "".

Ian Fleming, ogama umfazi lahlala kunye naye kwityotyombe elingemva waza wavuma ukuchitha bonke ubomi bakhe, siphefumlelwe ngamandla nesithandwa sakhe, ngoko ke umbhali ngokufuthi wakhankanya into yokuba yena Ndithelekelele yakhe.

mzuzu uzuko

Kuba abathile, emva kweminyaka engamashumi amane yobomi ulahlekelwa ayenechaphothi wayo, adventurism kunye nepeyinti. Kodwa hayi Ian Fleming. Xa wayeneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu-, kuqala ihlabathi wabona incwadi kaYakobi Bond. Nje kweenyanga ezilishumi elinambini, inoveli wathengisa iikopi kwezigidi ezisixhenxe. Kamva, amaMelika banomdla kule ncwadi, ekugqibeleni wathenga unamalungelo kulo. Yaba ngeli xesha Ian Fleming, engobomi yatshintsha kakhulu ogama, abe nendumasi. inoveli yakhe yapapashwa amawaka, izigidi iikopi. Kuye ukufunda phantse yonke into kwaye yonke indawo. Abagxeki abafuni nokumbona ibali Kwathi malunga 007, baza ababa nako ukufikelela nazigqibo ubukho wamaqhawe, kodwa kwanyanzeleka ukuba bajonge kunye mababone kwiintengiso enkulu yenoveli.

Roman njengenxalenye yenkcubeko

Emva kwexesha elithile, abantu abaninzi engasekho zimelwe ngokwabo ngaphandle amabali ngobomi omkhulu James Bond. I inoveli yaba yinxalenye yinkcubeko yaseMelika, kunye nomongameli yangoku US wavuma ukuba ngexesha lakhe spare ukufunda incwadi umlinganiswa ophambili 007. Abanye bakholelwa ukuba yimpumelelo eyothusayo enjalo Ian Fleming bangena sokugxeka ngayo wabhala incwadi yakhe. Lowo ekuhleni ibango ukuba iinoveli kunye nezinye iincwadi ezibhaliweyo ngenxa yezi zinto zintathu: imali, udumo, okanye ukuzonwabisa. Kwezinye iimeko - kuba bonke kunye. Lo mbhali kakhulu wavuya ukuba wenze into enjalo, kodwa akazange azifihle isibakala sokuba ingeniso esuka iincwadi wenze kube ngakumbi. Ekubeni Ian Fleming kwaduma, yena ngokuthe ngcembe kanye ngonyaka, wakhupha inoveli yakhe entsha, nto leyo ngabomvu.

le udumo

Enye indlela okanye omnye, kodwa ngenene baba Bulelani edumileyo kukhubazeko umboniso esibhaliweyo uninzi lwabo iinoveli Fleming kaThixo. kokufa kwakhe Kwanasemva kokuba waqhubeka kutolwe iifilimu kwanokunikezela kuluntu. Elinesibhozo tapes bekhululwe, ophambili kwawo, Kakade, Dzheyms Bond. Le yokugqibela yaba umfanekiso "Ngomso ingafi", ezifotwe 1997.

Ian Fleming wabulawa yintliziyo. Kananjalo kubalulekile ukuba siqaphele kukuba wayeyoliswa kakhulu ukutshaya nje wayemthanda igin. Emva kokufa kombhali 33 iminyaka bhanya esekelwe iinoveli bakhe, laqhubeka lifika isikrini esikhulu nokumkholisa uluntu, ingakumbi abalandeli 007. Namhlanje, cinema akayi ukuyeka: umfanekiso yomenzeli British imfihlelo edlalwa abadlali ezahlukeneyo ibethe iingxelo ofisi ibhokisi.