Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. Ubulala e Ciudad Juarez

Isixeko, esiza kuxutyushwa kule nqaku, sibizwa ngokuthi yiCiudad Juarez. Yintoni ekhethekileyo kweli dolophu yaseMexico? Yintoni eyamenza adume nje kuphela eLatin America?

Indawo yeso sixeko

UCiudad Juarez ungowesizwe saseMexico saseChihuahua. Itholakala kumda we-USA. Ukusuka kwisixeko saseMelika sase-El Paso ihlukaniswe ngumlambo iRio Grande. Ngendlela, igama langoku liguqulelwa ukusuka kwisiSpanish ngokuthi "isixeko saseJuarez". Inxulumene negama lamashumi amane anesithoba ngxelo kaMongameli uBenito, lowo waseMexico ophakanyisiwe kwisikhundla samaqhawe esizwe. Ukususela kwi-XVII ukuya kwinqanaba leminyaka elidlulileyo igama lalo laliqhagamshelana negama lommelwane walo waseMelika, uEl Paso del Norte.

Yintoni eyenza "udumo" uCiudad Juarez?

UCiudad Juárez uzuze udumo lwehlabathi ngokubulela kwizinga eliphezulu lolwaphulo-mthetho. Yiloo sixeko ebonwa njengendawo enkulu yokuthutha izithuthi ngokubhekiselele kwintlangano yezibonelelo zonyango kwilizwe elisemantla. Umzabalazo wobunkokeli ukhokelela ekubeni phakathi kwamaqela olwaphulo-mthetho kwiindawo zangasese kukho ukufa. Iinqwelo zeenqwelo-mveliso ezinobumba ezimbini zengingqi - "iSinaloa" kunye ne "Juarez" - ayikwazi ukwahlula amandla olwaphulo-mthetho nangaliphi na indlela.

Esi sixeko kukho izigidi ezili-500 zabantu. Ubomi beninzi lwabantu basezidolophini abanakubizwa ngokuba lula. Iimpempe, abangasebenzi kunye nabangenamakhaya ziyinto eqhelekileyo kwiCiudad Juárez. Akumangalisi ukuba "yindlela yokutya" apho izitalathisi zezitalato zifumana izixhobo zazo. Abaninzi banyanzeliswa ukuba benze imisebenzi ephikisana nomthetho, kubandakanywa, ukuzalisa amaqela amakhulu akwenza ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi.

Izibhokozo zabantu

Ekupheleni kuka-2003, ubugebengu obugqithiseleyo kunye nemisebenzi ebuthathaka yabasemagunyeni karhulumente babechukumisa abantu baseMexico ukuba bathabathe iitrato ngokubambisana. Amakhulu amabhinqa, amaninzi abo abo bahlobo babo bafa okanye balahleka, babonisa ukunganeliseki, bakhumbuza iinkokheli zengxaki zabo. Ukungabikho kwamagunya kwabasemagunyeni kuye kwabacaphukisa abemi baseCiudad Juarez. Ukubulawa kwenzeka malunga neveki yonke, kodwa akukho mntu wayefuna ukulwa nalo.

Ngo-Ephreli wonyaka ofanayo, iKhomishoni yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yenza iseshoni ekhethekileyo kulo mbandela kwi-initiative ye-International Federation yamaLungelo oluntu. Yaye yamkelwa isicengululo esifanelekileyo, esibonise isizathu sokuba indawo yezobukhokeli belizwe. Kwakungasebenzi, kuba abantu abaphambili babandezeleka ngabantu abancinci, abangabakhathaleli.

Amakhulu amaxhoba

Ngo-2009, phantse amawaka amabini kumawaka ayikhulu amawaka abe ngamaxhoba olwaphulo-mthetho. Kwaninzi kwi-American St. Louis Louis, le meko ingaphantsi kwama-150. Ezi zibalo ezibuhlungu zikhokelela ekunikeni iCiudad Juarez isikhundla sekhokheli lehlabathi elipheleleyo kwizinga lezixeko eziyingozi. Ukuxabana naye kwakungeyona enye yezona zikhulu zeHonduran zokuhlala - iSan Pedro Sula. Kwiindawo ezahlukileyo zehlabathi kukho ubuncinane imizi emithathu - iRio de Janeiro (eBrazil), iCaracas (iVenezuela), eMogadishu (eSomalia), ngokobugebengu obungaphantsi kweCiudad Juarez. Kodwa wayedlula lesi sixalathiso "ngisho nakubantu bakubo" - iMonterrey neTijuana.

Ubungqina bezo bulala ezenziwe eCiudad Juarez bukhohlakele. Ezi nxaxhiso, nangaphezulu, zingenayo nayiphi na intsingiselo. Esi sixeko, ukuhlaselwa rhoqo ngezixhobo kubonakala kumaziko apho abantu banandipha. Kwabaninzi abemi bemihlali, loo maqela awona wokugqibela ebomini bawo, ngaloo ndlela azalise inani leenyanga ngokufa kwabantu abaninzi. Kodwa abasemagunyeni abakhawuleza ukujongana nale meko eCiudad Juarez (Mexico). Ulwaphulo-mthetho lufikelele kwisikali esinobukhulu.

Ibali e-Creepy

Abantu basekuhlaleni bathanda ukuthetha ngolwaphulo-mthetho olubi. Ngenye imini ngoJanuwari ngokuhlwa ngo-2010, abatsha abasuka kwelinye isikolo besixeko badibana. Nangona kunjalo, izigulane ngokukhawuleza zafika izibhamu kwaye zajika i-guljanie kwintlekele, ngokudubula abathathi-13 abathathi-nxaxheba.

Kwakhona uthanda ukuzithobela ezithombeni ezibulalayo kunye nezinye izilwanyana zaseCiudad Juarez. Ngonyaka emva kwentlekele, uSusanna Chavez, umbongi owaziwayo waseMexico kunye nomlindi wolungelo lobambano, waxhatshazwa ngesihluku esikolweni. Kule meko, umfazi oswelekileyo naye unqamle isandla sakhe. Ababulali babeselula abathathu abavela kwintlangano yamaqela e-gangster ebizwa ngokuthi "amaAztec," asebenze ngokusondeleyo kunye nejeli yeJelarez. Umlindi wolungelo lomntu wathunyelwa kwihlabathi elizayo ngenxa yokutshitshisa ukuba akhalaze malunga nabantwana abaselula ukuya kwiinkampani zokunyanzelisa umthetho.

Manani a tshutshisa

Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, kwiminyaka emibini (ukususela ngo-2010), ukugqithisa ubugebengu e-Ciudad Juarez kubonwa ebusika. Ngomhla ngoJanuwari 10, 2010, kwabulawa ama-69. Oku kwakungenjalo kweso sixeko! Ngomnyaka olandelayo, impelasonto kaFebruwari, eyawela kwinombolo ye-18-20, nayo yaba "ivelisa". Phakathi kwamaxhoba angama-50 babengabameli bee-arhente zokunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye nabantwana besikolo sobudala.

NgoLwesihlanu, ukuhlaselwa kwenzelwe imoto, apho kwakukho abaselula kunye nabantwana. Ngelishwa, ukuhamba emotweni ngokujikeleza kwesi sixeko abagibeli abane kwaye umqhubi wabulala. Ngomso olandelayo, igosa eliphethe iibhola ezilishumi umqhubi ophula imithetho yeendlela. Kubonakala ukuba ukukhutshwa kwentlawulo yomhlaseli kwakubonakala kujeziswa! Kakade ekupheleni komhla woMgqibelo ofanayo, iqela labantu abatshabalalisiweyo abaneminyaka engama-20 ukuya kweyesi-25 ubudala badutshulwa ngegazi elibandayo kwiqela.

Ngokomyinge, yonke imihla ngo-2011 yabhalwa ngabalimi abasi-8. Ukufa kwesondo esilungileyo ku-Ciudad Juarez (eMexico) kwiiveki ezintathu zikaFebruwari kuye kwafikelela kuma-24, kwaye iminyaka engama-20-malunga nama-600.

Ithemba lamandla amatsha!

Ngenxa yokuthanda kwabantu baseMexico ngo-2006, uFelipe Calderon waba ngumongameli. Abemi bekholelwa kwiingxelo zakhe eziphakamileyo: i-politician ithembisa ukuphelisa ngokupheleleyo ubugebengu. Hayi, akukho nto ebalulekileyo eyenziwe kule ndlela. Intloko karhulumente, njengoko ithetha, ityikitye i-propotence yayo phambi kweenqwelo zezixhobo zonyango. Ngokombono wakhe, ukuseka umyalelo wokuba udibanise abasebenzi abangama-50 000. Kule ndawo, ama-5,000 ase-Ciudad Juarez.

Ngokusekelwe kwiinkcukacha zenkcukacha, kunokugqitywa ukuba loo mlinganiselo ayizange iphumelele. Ngethuba elixa ilizwe liholwa yiCalderon, malunga namawaka angama-35 amaMexico afela. Nangona ngexesha lemfazwe yokuzimela kweMexico ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 kunye ne-1945 yempi, isibalo sexhoba sasincinci. Abakhenkethi bazama ukuhamba malunga nomzi waseCiudad Juarez. Iifoto zezinye iindawo zibangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwangempela.

Iphoso lazo zonke iziyobisi?

Ininzi yolwaphulo-mthetho lunxulumene nezoshishino zoshishino. Kwaye indawo yendawo ayikho indawo yokugqibela. Efumaneka emngceleni kunye nedolophu yase-US yaseCiudad Juarez yinto ephambili eLatin America. Yena, kunye newele lakhe elingumda weTujuana, wabelwa indima yesithuba sokumisa. Ukusebenzisa, abemi belizwe abanamaqondo aphantsi okuphuhliswa koqoqosho abawela ngaphesheya kwe-USA.

I-cartel yegciwane le-Juarez igxininisa phantse bonke abantu basezidolophini ababandakanyeka kumashishini angekho mthethweni. Ezinye iinqwelana, eziquka "iSinaloa" kunye ne "Gulf", ngokukhawuleza zenza umzamo wokuthabatha umxube onomhlwaya. Ingxabano yemfuno idluliselwa ezitalatweni zaseCiudad Juarez ngendlela yokuxabana kwegazi. Ngethuba lokudubula okunjalo, amakhulu abantu abangagqitywanga ngokupheleleyo kwi-disassembly ibe yinto ekujoliswe kuyo. Kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo e-zazevavshihsya abadlulayo-ngokudubula ngamabomu okanye besongela amapolisa kunye nolunye uhlangothi lwengxabano, okanye mhlawumbi xa kunjalo, banquma ukuba bangabakho iqela eliphikisanayo.

Ingxaki ye-USA neMexico

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iingxaki ezichongiweyo eCiudad Juarez nakwezinye iidolophu ezisemngceleni kufuneka zidibanise iinzame zamazwe angummelwane ukuba azixazulule. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, oku kubambisana ubudlelwane phakathi kweMexico ne-United States. Ngokungathandabuzekiyo, kungenxa yeenjongo zokugqibela ukuncedisa uphando lolwaphulo-mthetho. Kule nto, abaqhubi be-US bahlala behamba ngezoshishino kumalungu abo aseMexico ukuba bathathe inxaxheba. Ngenxa yoko, iinkokheli ezinobuninzi zoshishino lweziyobisi zacinywa.

Imfazwe yezobisi e-Ciudad Juárez ayikwazi ukunqanda ukwanda (okwenyani, ngokuhamba ngokukhawuleza) kubemi. Apha, kungakhathaliseki ukuba le nto ingaqhelekanga njani, kwanezi shishini likhula. Ngokubhekisele kwezokhenketho, kuphela abazithandayo abanokuzonwabisa. EMexico, isixeko esibi kakhulu yiCiudad Juarez. Ukubulawa kwabasetyhini apha kusabonwa njengemfihlelo. Abasemagunyeni abazange bakwazi ukufumana ngubani obulala isondo esilungileyo kunye nokuba kutheni iintsapho azikwazi ukubala rhoqo iintombi, oomama nodade.