I-Stieglitz Museum yaseSt. Petersburg

Zingaphi iimyuziyam eziqhelekileyo ezikhoyo kwihlabathi kunye naseSt. Petersburg ngokukodwa? Akunakuphela kwimibukiso yobugcisa okanye izakhiwo ezidumileyo kwizakhiwo zakudala, kodwa neempawu zokuqala ezenza umdla wesiRashiya kwizakhiwo eziqhelekileyo.

I-Stieglitz Museum, eSt. Petersburg

Ephakathi kweso sixeko, apho i-Academy, evelisa abaculi, ikhona imyuziyam apho kukho iqoqo ekhethekileyo yezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo kunye neendlela eziqokelelweyo. Amashumi angama-amathathu amawaka avela kwiimyuziyam: i-porcelain, i-ceramics, isinyithi, ifenitshala, izitofu ze-tile zaseRashiya kunye nomsebenzi wabafundi ngaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka elidlulileyo.

Isakhiwo ngokwayo sinelifa lembali kunye nesikhumbuzo esikhethekileyo. Yadalwa ngumakhi wezobugcisa uMaximilian Messmacher, ifana nezakhiwo zaseItali zokuHlaziya. Kwakhiwe nje kuphela ubuhle, kodwa nabafundi babone ngokucacileyo umzekelo baze bakwazi ukujoyina ubugcisa behlabathi. Kuyilo lweeholo, abafundi bathatha inxaxheba efanelekileyo ukuze basebenzise ulwazi lwabo oluthole eklasini ngokusebenza.

Imbali yeMyuziyam ye-Applied Art Stieglitz

Ngomnyaka we-1876, ibharon eyaziwayo, kunye nezimali, umashishini kunye nomncedisi uAlexander Stiglitz wayefuna ukudala isikolo sobugcisa. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, ngo-1878, i-museum yabonakala kwenye yezakhiwo zesikolo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba ekusebenzeni ngokubambisa ekutheni kuthatyathwe ngu- Alexander Povvvvv, umakhi waseMaximilian Mesmakher. Nguye lowo ngo-1885 owaqala ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo apho i-museum yayiza kubakho khona, ngexesha elifanayo kunye nezinto zobugcisa bokusetyenziswa zathengwa kwiintengiso ezahlukeneyo zaseRussia nakwamanye amazwe.

Iqoqo leMyuziyam yobuGcisa be-Applied of the Stieglitz Academy liqukethe imiboniso ephakamileyo ehambelana nexesha elidlulileyo, i-Renaissance, i-Middle Ages kunye nobugcisa beMpuma neRashiya beminyaka ye-17 neye-18.

Kwiminyaka eyi-11 kamva, ngo-1896, kwavula ukuvulwa komthetho, apho uNikolay II wayekho kunye nosapho lwakhe, kunye nabantu abaphawulekayo baseSt. Petersburg.

Ngokwenziwe ngokukodwa-iifestile, iisampulu zegolide, ubhedu, i-porcelain, ubucwebe, iingubo zafakwa.

Ukususela ngoko, ukuqokelelwa kweMyuziyam e-Stieglitz kuye kwazaliswa rhoqo, imibukiso yamazwe ngamazwe ibanjwe. Ngomnyaka we-1898 kwakukho umboniso othi "iWorld of Art", ngowe-1904 - "Umboniso Wembali Wezinto Zomsebenzi", ngowe-1915 - "Umboniso weCawa yamaNtu."

Imali yeMyuziyam

Izinto ezingaphezu kwamashumi amathathu anamahlanu amawaka ngamagumbi anama-14 kunye neegalari ezivela kwixesha elidlulileyo ukuya kwiintsuku zethu zifumaneka kwiMyuziyam ye-Stieglitz. Zonke iifowuni zinokuhlulwa kwiifom zezobugcisa, ezifana ne-pottery ne-porcelain fund. Imiboniso ephambili ekhoyo apha yaqokelelwa emva kwemfazwe kwaye yafunyanwa kwiiqoqo zeHermitage, iMyuziyam yaseRussia kunye ne-Academy of Arts yase-USSR. Imveliso eyenziwe ngumbumba wama-porcelain wama-imperial, izinto ezivela eChina naseJapan, ezenziwe ngexesha lolawulo luka-Ch'ing lobukhosi.

Kwi-glass glass glass, kukho imibukiso engaphezu kwama-350 ukusuka kwii-eras ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ezinye zise-VI-V zeenkulungwane. BC. E: Iiglasi, iibhondi, iinqwelo, iinqanawa. Ngokwahlukileyo, singachaza izinto ezinxulumene ne-Venetian glassmaking, kunye neqoqo leglasi yeRashiya, emele imifanekiso eselinye.

Olunye uqoqo olunomdla, olumelelwe kwiMyuziyam ye-Stieglitz, iingubo, ezithatha iisampuli ezingaphezu kwama-7, ezibonisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokubhabisa: ukugaya, ukuprinta, ukugcoba nge-silk ne-gold thread. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo eyenziwe yengubo, eyadluliselwa kwiMyuziyam yeMbali yeNkolo: iimpahla zababingeleli, iintlanganiso zeetempile zeBuddhist, ii-Ornaths zamaKatolika kunye nabanye.

Ukongezelela kule mali, i-museum nayo ibonisa ukuqokelela ubugcisa obuhle, i-bonetic bone, iifenitshala kunye nezixhobo zemithi.

Ixabiso leTikiti kunye neyamyuziyamu

Imyuziyam ye-Stieglitz itholakala eSolyanoy Pereulok, 13-15. Nabani na onokuza apha aze abone imibukiso nemiboniso yesikhashana iboniswe yonke imihla, ngaphandle kweCawa kunye neMvulo.

Unokufikelela kwiimyuziyam ngezothutho zikawonkewonke, iziteshi zesithili esiseduze yiNevsky Prospect, iChernyshevskaya kunye neGostiny Dvor.

Intengo yetikiti kubantu abadala i-ruble engama-300, kunye nabafundi besikolo, abahlala phantsi kunye nabafundi-ii-ruble eziyi-150. Into ephambili ayikulibala ukuvelisa amaxwebhu. Abathathi-nxaxheba beMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, iiHighes zeSoviet Union kunye nabantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwe-7 ubudala abangenayo. Kukho kwakhona ukuhamba kweqela, ezifanele ukuthethisana kwangaphambili.