I-Red Book of kummandla Arkhangelsk: izilwanyana kunye nezityalo

Ngelishwa, izenzo zabantu kwi planethi kukhokelele kwinto yokuba iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana nezityalo ukuba ngabemi kulo, babe nokuba wanyamalala okanye zisemngciphekweni yokutshabalala. Iintlobo kuphela laso olukhulayo ukusuka komnye unyaka ukuya komnye - le ndoda ngokwayo.

Namhlanje eRashiya kukho incwadi ebomvu kwinqanaba federal, yengingqi kunye karhulumente, apho ebhalwe ngayo enezityalo nezilwanyana. I-Red Book of kummandla Arkhangelsk (bona ifoto. Ngezantsi) iqulathe uluhlu lezilwanyana nezityalo, apho umntu kufuneka zikhuselwe.

Le ncwadi Red

Imfuneko uxwebhu enjalo iye olunzima kakhulu kwiminyaka 90 kwinkulungwane yama-20. Le mveliso yeli lizwe neziphumo ezibi ukuya ekupheleni kwenkulungwane njengoko yokuduka iintlobo yonke. I-Red Book of kummandla Arkhangelsk ezidweliswe izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezifuna uncedo kwabantu. Kuba abathile kubo ngumbandela ubomi nokufa.

Zonke izinto zendalo lokukhuselwa zahlulwe ngokweendidi:

• Iqela lokuqala luquka iintlobo ukuba shwaka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ngaba awuzithathi rhoqo amanyathelo afanelekileyo ukuze ugcine kubo;
• Iqela lesibini - iintlobo ogama amanani ayehla ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngalo naliphi na ixesha ukungena kudidi ezisengozini;
• kudidi lwesithathu - abameli enezityalo nezilwanyana rarely yafunyanwa;
• iqela yesine iquka izinto ukuba zingaqondwa kakuhle, kwaye inani njalo kubo akukho lwazi.

I-Red Book of kummandla Arkhangelsk ikakhulu eyakhiwa abameli kudidi lwesibini, nangona kukho izilwanyana ukuba kungathathwa phantse shwaka kwezi ndawo.

intulo eSiberia

Ukuhlangabezana olu hlobo ntulo kule ndawo kuba nzima. Kuyamangalisa ukuba lo oyidingayo ye-Ice Age, yathatha amawaka eminyaka, ngoku nganeno ngaseludinini ukusinda. Kanye nekhono layo ukuze sisinde kuneqabaka ibetha ezimbalwa. Umzekelo, efumaneka permafrost le intulo eSiberia, emva kokuba umkhenkce Inyibilikile, apho ziphuma, weza ebomini baza baqalisa ukukhangela umthombo wokutya. Ubudala kule meko yaba 90 iminyaka, uninzi lwazo wahlala kwimo oopopayi lunqunyanyisiwe.

Yitya ezi ndidi leenewt izilwanyana, yimisundululu, ezineqokobhe kwindawo ezahlukeneyo izinambuzane. Ukuphela endaweni yabo Arkhangelsk esinxulunyaniswa ngokutshatyalaliswa neendawo ezihlala kuzo zendalo Umxhesho wabo. Akuthandeki ukuba oyidingayo ukuba akwazi ukuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza nokutshintsha iimeko ngokukhawuleza.

I-Red Book of kummandla Arkhangelsk kwenzeke ukumnceda, ukuba akathanga ayeke ukuba angangenelela ecosystem endalo kummandla.

butterfly Mnemosyne

Esi sinambuzane nto unelishwa kakhulu. Imibungu yayo adle kuphela ngolunye uhlobo izityalo (Corydalis) yaye, ukuba sinyamalale, nje ibhabhathane Mnemosyne siphele khona kule ngingqi. Onke amarhamncwa Red Book of kummandla Arkhangelsk ezinxulumene ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo izilwanyana ezisengozini zezityalo, ezo kwakhona ebonisa ukuba indalo akukho izinto ezingeyomfuneko.

Mnemosyne - a naphakathi olumhlophe okanye bulubhelu ngebala amabala ezimbini amnyama emiphethweni zangaphandle amaphiko. Imbijana umkhondo wayo - isityalo Corydalis, apho ishiya amaqanda ayo. Butterfly na ebusuku, wakhetha ukuzimela emini ezisehlathini.

Uye wangena Book oluBomvu kuzo zonke iingingqi eRashiya, apho ahleli khona. Ngenxa kwamahlathi kwaye, ngenxa yoko, yokuduka lwesityalo kwakufuneka ukondla ezinqunquthayo, kuya kungekudala ayikwazi ukuba kweli lizwe. Ukuze uphephe oku, kufuneka ukuchonga apho labemi, nokukhusela abo iinkalo ehlathini yoniwa.

bowhead whale

Izilwanyana ezidweliswe kwi-Red kwiNcwadi kummandla Arkhangelsk ziquka oku esanyisayo. amanzi Mhlali ezibandayo libhekisela suborder kweminenga engenamazinyo.

Le esanyisayo akukho fin amanakani, kodwa endaweni ngokupheleleyo ecaleni kunye nomsila onamandla. Ento eyindoda intlanzi ayafika ubude leemitha 21, iimazi -. 18 m ukuzingelwa kuye yonke esalelweyo Whaling iKomishoni, kodwa yokuba musa ukubulala, oko akuthethi ukuba bakhuselekile.

Namhlanje, ukufa kweminenga abaninzi badla ezinxulumene iminatha yokuloba apho hlasi umkhombe, ukuba angabi nako ukuba banyukele wobuso umoya, kumgxobhozo aphantsi.

Kuyinto umnenga bowhead unako ukwenza Jump entle ephuma emanzini, kulandele lingahenyuzi ecaleni, khon 'ukuze abantu obathandayo.

Ukuze ukutya, umele ukuba badle 2,000 kg nganye intlanzi ngemini, kwindawo intlanzi kunye mbambela ezincinane. Ukuba ngenxa ungcoliseko, inani iza kuncipha, iza kukhokelela ekuswelekeni kweminenga. Ngoko ke, bona kudidi lwesibini kwiNcwadi oluBomvu. Ngayo ukusombulula ingxaki yaso izingqi kufuneka zibe kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe, ekubeni siphathelele ungcoliseko lwamanzi yamafutha inkunkuma kunye nezinye izinto eziyityhefu.

isilo solwandle esinamabamba amade

nezilwanyana zaselwandle incwadi Red yommandla Arkhangelsk, inkcazelo apho zifumaneka kumaphepha ayo, nangona kuluhlu njengoko wayehlala amanzi alo, badla uthuthe, ngoko landela ukhuseleko lwabo kunokuba nzima.

Ngelishwa, abantu bahlale ukubatshabalalisa ezi zilwanyana ezintle amanene ngenxa amabamba azo, kwakunye namanqatha, kodwa ngoku ezazibazingela akuvumelekanga. labemi isilo solwandle esinamabamba amade lukhula ngakumbi ngoka waba kukutshabalalisa zabo. Okwangoku, banalo rookery kwiziqithi kuLwandle Laptev, kwi kuLwandle Chukchi, kufuphi nonxweme Alaska kunye ena.

Ezi zilwanyana bahlala imihlambi apho kukho ukwehla neyantlukwano koxanduva. Ngokomzekelo, xa zonke iintaka ukulala elunxwemeni, qiniseka ukuba up iwashi. Xa ingozi, ayikhuphi isandi sesigodlo, avuselela umhlambi nangoko nemikhanzi ukubaleka kwamanzi. Ngamanye amaxesha, kule ndawo imxinwa sife ulutsha, kodwa oko akufane kube njalo, ngenxa yokuba iimazi ukukhusela imizimba yabo nkqu isoyikiso kubomi bakhe.

Diver Red-umqala

I-Red Book of kummandla Arkhangelsk iquka kuluhlu yayo nezinambuzane, neentlanzi, nezibhabhayo. Red-umqala Diver - intaka encinane kunye pretty kakhulu, ngoko igama kuba entanyeni yakhe litshatshazi elifuna ebomvu.

Intaka ndawonye ithanda ukuba lolwandle nezinye izihlobo zakhe, yaye imilambo kunye zone emathafeni. Iyabhabha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ekwenzeni nkqo awasuse emanzini emhlabeni phantse singenamandla ngqo yaye ehamba nzima, maxa wambi ukukhasa, unceda yena-mbuku bakhe. Xa element yakhe, yena diving enzulu amaxhoba, nto leyo intlanzi. Njengokuba amandla zifakelwayo ukutya molluscs, intlanzi kunye nezinambuzane zasemanzini.

Kuba ngeentsiba zakhe phantsi abantu wabeka intaka ziphantsi kwesoyikiso yokutshabalala. Namhlanje, abantu yommandla Arkhangelsk kuxhaphaka ezandayo, mhlawumbi, kwezinye elizayo, kuya uzakususwa kuluhlu lweentlobo zezidalwa ezisemngciphekweni.

White-ezinomsila ukhozi eagle segolide

iintaka Zininzi iintlobo ezinqabileyo yonke indawo lommandla lokukhuselwa. I-Red Book of kummandla Arkhangelsk kwicandelo "izilwanyana Rare" yongezwe ezi ntaka:

• White-ezinomsila Eagle: ubomi kufuphi nolwandle okanye imizimba amanzi amakhulu. La marhamncwa ezintle enkulu ngokwaneleyo ubukhulu: ubude - ukuya kutsho kwimitha kunye namaphiko - kangangeemitha ezi-2. Umlomo nemilenze umbala amatshatshazi amhlophe yellow. Sidla ikakhulu eagle emhlophe-ezinomsila okanye iintlanzi kuthatha ezinye abazingeli zasemanzini. Ukuba i "Ukuloba" iye yasilela, oko ihlasela waterbirds.
• Berkut kakhulu eyaziwa kule ndawo, nangona eli irhamncwa uhlala ezintabeni. Zokuzingela umdlalo amancinci a ubungakanani eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo - ukusuka mpuku voles ukuya nomvundla abatsha nexhama. Sockets sihambelane ezintabeni. It baqala ukuncipha ngenxa kwintshabalalo amafama ukukhusela iinkuku zabo, yaye izitshabalalisi ukuba spray amahlathi.

njengeyona

Njengeyona ukhetshe ikolu hlobo. Kukholelwa ukuba oku sisidalwa fastest eziphilayo emhlabeni. Nmb ukuphuhlisa isantya gama moya yokuntywila ezingaphezu kwama-300 km / h. Ebudeni Hunt uyanibetha iinyawo zalo ixhoba lonke kwisantya lokuwa nkqu intloko lwaphula umdlalo enkulu. It isengozini njengoko ngenxa izitshabalalisi ukuba iinta- imithi kunye namasimi.

Ngelishwa, i-Red Book of kummandla Arkhangelsk, izilwanyana kunye nezityalo baninzi, yaye silondolozwe akaluniki siqinisekiso, kodwa simazi neentlobo ezisengozini kufuneka bonke abahlali bommandla.

angaphinde flora

Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, elowo ilungiselelwa iseli bayo kwi ecosystem. Ukuba aphambane okanye ukutshabalalisa, ukusabela chain nga kuqalisa nezinye izakhiwo, xa yokuduka intyatyambo elinye kuya kuquka ukufa iintlobo zezinambuzane zidle intaka.

Izityalo ye-Red Book of kummandla Arkhangelsk nayo nganeno ngaseludinini ukusinda, ezifana:

• Lobelia dortmanna. Le intsimbi-ezimile okweentyatyambo bamantshontsho sisalathisi ekuhlambululeni umzimba emanzini, amila kufuphi. Kuyabonakala ukuba, nje ungcoliseko amachibi kunye nemilambo le ndawo yaba unobangela umkakhe.
• lily Tetrahedral uba kunqabile ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo. Enokwenzeka, ukuba abantu azihlambulule ngamanzi emachibini kunye nemilambo kwaye uyeke ukungcolisa elunxwemeni, indalo ngokwayo iya kubuyisela imali efunekayo kuyo.
• Slipper okwangoku fanele kusapho orchid uthanda ufumile amadlelo ehlathini lomhlaba kunye namahlathi intaba. Anyamalale ngenxa kwamaqondo obushushu, nto leyo iyoma emhlabeni.

Lo asinguye uluhlu lonke lweentlobo ezisengozini zezityalo nezilwanyana kummandla Arkhangelsk. Ukuze uyifunde, kufuneka ufumane ikopi yeNcwadi oluBomvu.