Pir-sensor: Inkcazo kunye nemiyalelo ngokunxulumene

Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, iinkqubo alam mihla ngaphandle amacandelo nemizwa. Ukuba abenzi boluvo sensitive uyakwazi ukubona iimpawu ezingancumisiyo kwiziphawuli ezahlukeneyo. Kwimisebenzi iinkqubo zokhuseleko ikhaya enjalo ukwenza detectors ukukhanya, abenzi window othukile, izixhobo ze Ubhaqo ukuvuza njalo njalo. On. Kodwa xa kufikwa iimpawu zokhuseleko, ngoko indawo yokuqala apho isivamvo Pir-isindululo ukuba asebenze kwi-siseko radiation yamaseko-ebomvu. Esi sixhobo encinane, nto leyo ngokwalo asebenze sisalathisi karhulumente kwindawo bakhonza okanye ukungena isakhiwo yokhuseleko eqhelekileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ithuba lesibini ukusetyenziswa woluvo njengoko sisombululo kakhulu ekhethiweyo.

Ngokubanzi ulwazi malunga menzi woluvo

Phantse bonke abenzi motion zenzelwe ukubona ngaphakathi engagunyaziswanga. inkqubo yokhuseleko Classical uthatha ukuba woluvo mabarekhode inyaniso ayehlasela elawulwayo, emva koko uphawu ithunyelwe kwigumbi lolawulo kunye namanyathelo ezithile angamanye aza kuthatyathwa. Amaninzi, umqondiso ngohlobo SMS-imiyalezo kwi console ngokwalo Inkonzo zokhuseleko, kwakunye umnini yefowuni. Kulo mzekelo, ingqalelo omnye iintlobo izixhobo ezinjalo - isivamvo Pir-pyroelectric, esibonakala ngokuba kahle eliphezulu kunye nokuchaneka. Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu umgangatho le mifuziselo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi - ukusuka inkqubo ekhethiweyo isivamvo ukuhlanganiswa ngonqabiseko entsonkothileyo zangaphandle ifuthe bume kubume nokuvalwa onovakalelo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba detectors eshukumayo azisoloko zisetyenziswa njengesixhobo ukukhusela ngokuchasene isela. Kuyinto lula ukubeka ulawulo oluzenzekelayo amacandelo ngamnye kweenkqubo ukukhanyisa. Kulo mzekelo, umzekelo, isixhobo siza izingenele xa umsebenzisi ongena egumbini kwaye zicinyiwe xa ushiya.

isimiso ukusebenza

Kuba ekuqondeni nkcukacha ze ifowuni kufuneka kuziguqulela awohluke ze abasabela kwezinye izinto crystalline. Njengoko lisetyenziswe transducer iziqalelo Ukuzibona zinika isiphumo wokohlula kwi instants xa isiganeko radiation phezu kwabo. Kulo mzekelo, libhekisela kwimitha wobushushu emzimbeni womntu. Xa utshintsho ngequbuliso kule iimpawu bommandla eziqwalaselwa ukutshintsha i sombane intsimi ngobunzulu kwi njengekristale. Enyanisweni, ngenxa yesi sizathu woluvo Pir infrared nayo ngokuba pyroelectric. Njengabo bonke detectors, izixhobo ezifana abafezekanga. Kuxhomekeka kwiimeko bakwazi ukusebenza kwi maza ephosakeleyo ukufumanisa ukuba okanye hayi simo target. Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu yokusebenza aggregate, kwiimeko ezininzi bayakuthethelela ukusetyenziswa kwazo.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Izalathi yokusebenza engundoqo, ekufuneka athathe ingqalelo umboleki zinxulumene yokusebenza uluhlu kunye nokukwazi ukusebenza kweintanethi. Njengoko ngokuba parameters kuluhlu coverage, lo elawulwayo, njengoko umthetho, oko 6-7 m. Oku kwanele xa kufikwa ukukhuselwa kumakhaya zabucala zokuhlala nangakumbi. Kwezinye iindlela, kwaye inikeza umsebenzi microphone - le nxalenye kwakhona kubalulekile ukujonga kwirediyasi amanyathelo, leyo ukufikelela-10 m Ngale Pir-kakutsha unokuba unikezelo lwamandla ngqo okanye esizimeleyo .. Ukuba uceba ukuqokelela i kwinkqubo yokhuseleko, kungcono ukuba athenge ongumzekelo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi neebhetri, nto ezo kungeyomfuneko ukuba iintambo. Okulandelayo, ukumisa ixesha apho icebo uya kukwazi ukugcina umsebenzi wayo ngaphandle pre-kwentlawulo. imifuziselo yangoku musa ukufuna okuninzi yamandla ombane, ngoko ukwimeko kwisixando unako ukusebenza malunga 15-20 iintsuku.

Uyilo kwefowuni

Izindlu woluvo yenziwe ngentsimbi. Ngaphakathi iqulethe crystal ezimbini - oku uvakalelo izinto radiation thermal. Into ebalulekileyo noshowo olu hlobo kakutsha luhlobo lwe window kwiqokobhe yesinyithi. It yenzelwe ukuba uluhlu nokunyamezela kwimitha efunekayo. yokuhluza onjalo ngokungqalileyo ilungiselelwe ukuphucula ukuchaneka kwakheka. Phambi i window kwisakhiwo likwanezindlu kumnqongo woqondo, elenza ipateni eziyimfuneko itshathi wave. Amaninzi, Pir-isivamvo kufakwa Fresnel lens, zestampu yeplastiki. Kuba processing of imiqondiso yombane kwaye sele clip ingxolo isetyenziswa kwaye transistor effect entsimini. Le kufuphi ziikristale ezibuthathaka kunye, nangona ingxaki clip ingxolo, ezinye iimodeli unokunciphisa ukusebenza umsebenzi yikristale.

Inkqubo GSM kwi woluvo

Oku optsional kubizwa ngokuba kakhulu, nangona kukho abaxhasi amaninzi kolu luvo. Kakuhle eli indibanisela ubhaqo iimpawu motion ngu menzi woluvo kwaye imodyuli GSM eqhutywa ngumnqweno ukuba Inkululeko epheleleyo ifowuni. Njengokuba sele sitshilo, woluvo inxibelelane iyunithi yolawulo esembindini ukusuka apho uphawu kamva uyeza isakhiwo yokhuseleko zokusebenza okanye umnini yefowuni ngqo. Ukuba kusetyenziswa sensor Pir-isindululo kunye nenkqubo GSM, hambisa sokuhlaba umkhosi kunokuba ngephanyazo ngexesha lobhaliso umthondo mhaka. Oko kukuthi, inyathelo Maputo uphawu umlawuli eliphakathi ukuba nidlobe njengeenkunzi, evumela amaxesha win imizuzwana embalwa. Kwaye yiloo nto singasathethi ukuthembeka ukwanda ngokususa iilinki ezongezelelweyo kwi-chain yokosulela womyalezo. Yintoni na ethile le sisombululo? Okokuqala, ukuba uxhomekeke kumsebenzi GSM-unxibelelwano, phezu koko, lihlisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo, kodwa isizathu eyahlukileyo. Okwesibini, ubukho kwimodyuli ngokwayo kunefuthe elibi sensor - ngokufanelekileyo, ukuchaneka kwii-nitrogen lifinyele.

software

Kwizakhiwo zokhuseleko esimbaxa apho nabaqondisi abakrelekrele zisetyenziswa kunye iqondo eliphezulu esizisebenzelayo, musa phelisa ngeendlela woluvo iinkqubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abenzi ziqalise iiprogram ezizodwa ulungele kunye iseti olunzulu kweemeko zokusebenza. Kodwa ukuba kunokwenzeka, uyakwazi ukwenza izenzo zakho algorithm sensor kwimeko elinikiweyo. Kokuba zidityaniswe ngokusebenzisa i software formal uza nezixhobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ifowuni ilungiselelwe ukwenzela ukuba inkqubo amanyathelo ngamaxesha nexhala ithengise - umzekelo, algorithm emiselweyo ukuthumela imiyalezo, ukuba umfuziselo iyunithi efanayo yokubonelela unxibelelwano zeselula. Kwelinye icala, nendlu eqhelekileyo akukho ukhuseleko Pir-sensor LED, nto leyo kwakhona ukusebenza esidumileyo ukwazisa malunga umsebenzi amacandelo ngamnye kwinkqubo izibane. isixhobo ngasinye microcontroller, nenoxanduva izenzo isixhobo ngokungqinelana nemiyalelo wabeka phantsi.

sensor ukufaka

ufakelo Physical womenzi woluvo yenziwa usebenzisa umboniso enikiweyo. izibiyeli ngokuqhelekileyo uqeshwe okanye self-uthinte ngezikhonkwane, ukuba kukhuselwe hayi izindlu tshin kunye nolwakhiwo, apho ekuqaleni ezimanyeneyo. Enyanisweni, lo kaloliwe olongezelelweyo banikwa imigodi buyaqhubeka. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule nxalenye yomsebenzi - ukubala yemeko yokwenene womenzi woluvo. Isibakala sokuba woluvo Pir motion infrared ibonisa uvakalelo mkhulu kwiimeko apho kukho into imisebe thermal enqumla intsimi ukusuka kulawulo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba umntu ithunyelwe ngqo kwisixhobo, ubuchule ithengise uphawu ziya kuba ncinci. Kwakhona, musa ukubeka iyunithi kwiindawo ukuba usethubeni ngokuqhubekekayo okanye nqapha ku utshintsho ubushushu ngenxa ukusebenza izixhobo zokufudumeza, iingcango nokuvula iifestile okanye usebenzisa inkqubo yokungena.

Ukuhlobanisa umenzi woluvo

Isixhobo kufuneka adityaniswe kwisistim engundoqo isilawuli relay nonikezelo namandla. Ngomhla uhlobo ifowuni inika ibhodi kunye iitheminali ukufumana umbane. Owona mthombo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kunye lombane 9-14 V, kunye nokusetyenziswa langoku 12-20 Ma. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abenzi chaza iimpawu zombane ngokusebenzisa elinemibala terminal. Umdibaniso yenziwa ngomnye kwezikim standard uvumela ukuze ukusebenza kwenkqubo ye imodeli ethile. Kwezinye embodiments, bangathungelana ngaphandle Pir-isivamvo iintambo zombane, oko kukuthi, ngqo kwi-network. It is a uhlobo kwezakhiwo zizonke, ezo efakwe kwi endle kwaye usebenzise iinkqubo izibane efanayo. Ukuba ufake sensor ukhetho olunjalo akunakwenzeka ukuba efanelekileyo.

bokuqonda ukusebenza

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ufakelo uxhulumaniso lwe sixhobo kufuneka abekwe iparameters elilelona yokusebenza. Umzekelo, ngokulungelanisa imeko-uvakalelo iSADC amandla radiation coverage kunye noluhlu t. D. iinguqulelo ezintsha bavunyelwe ofakwe kwaye ngokuzenzekelayo elungisa isivamvo parameters ukusebenza ngokuxhomekeke kwiimeko yokusebenza. Umzekelo, ukuba kokuxhuma Pir-isivamvo ukuya umlawuli central ezinxulumene nabaqondisi lobushushu, element woluvo zinokwahluka imihlaba wokugxeka Ipharamitha radiation ngokusekelwe data obushushu.

Woluvo kule "Arduino" inkqubo

Complex "Arduino" yenye yezona ndlela yolawulo esizisebenzelayo sekhaya kakhulu ethandwa. Le umlawuli lebhokisi ukuba imithombo ukukhanya, iinkqubo Multimedia, izifudumezi kunye nezinye izixhobo zasekhaya. Abenzi boluvo kule complex nje iphele-esebenza izixhobo - bakhonza kuphela izikhombisi, Kuxhomekeke apho uxele iyunithi engundoqo kunye isilawuli ifumana isisombululo ethile ngokungqinelana algorithm zabandakanywa. Uxokonyezelelwe Pir-kakutsha "Arduino" ngamajelo ezintathu, apho imveliso uphawu digital imigca kunye nokubonelela wokwephuka ezahlukeneyo - GND ne VCC.

imifuziselo Popular Pir-isivamvo

Uninzi abenzi boluvo ekukhethwa ezikhoyo abenzi Chinese, ngoko ke ikulungele ukugcwala iingxaki zombane. Ukuthenga ngokwenene ezikumgangatho ophezulu woluvo kuba kuphela zoqwalaselo kunye izilawuli. Noko ke, abaninzi badumise isivamvo Pir MP Alert A9, oko kukuthi ingxenye mali, kodwa ibandla ezahlukeneyo ephucukileyo kunye mpawu zokusebenza okulungileyo. Ngenxa yomtsalane walo, kunye neemodeli ezifana woluvo GH718 kunye HC-SR501. Olu open-hlobo nabenzi boluvo ababanikezelayo na bafihla okanye zifakwe kwi-entsonkothileyo esisebenza ngokulula. Ngokubhekiselele kwiipropati esebenzayo, usasazo radius onobuhle ezichazwe yi 5-7 m, kunye nobomi bebhetri - avareji iintsuku ezi-5.

Yimalini iyunithi?

Xa kuthelekiswa tags ixabiso kwezixhobo kweesiginali mihla, umenzi woluvo mhle kakhulu. Iyonke 1,5-2 amawaka. P. ungathenga imodeli ezikumgangatho ophezulu, kunye uqwalaselo wanda. Kwi-avareji, i elula Pir-isivamvo kuqikelelwa kwi-mali esingekho ngaphezulu kwamawaka omnye. Enye into kukuba ukuthembeka kwalo kule meko lo mbuzo. Asifanele sicinge ukuba lo msebenzi uza ubize njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokhuseleko emanyanisiweyo. Nditsho ukhuseleko ekhaya ezincinane zabucala angafuna ukusetyenziswa elinesibini boluvo ezinjalo, ngalinye kufuneka kunye nezixhobo abangabancedani for obandayo kunye uqhagamshelo.

isiphelo

Isenzeko components sensory kwiinkqubo zokhuseleko itshintshe ngokupheleleyo nokuba zisebenza njani. Kwelinye icala, ezi detectors kuvumela amanqanaba ezintsha kweendawo beenkonzo zokhuseleko, yaye kwelinye - zinolwakhiwo zobugcisa nzima, singasathethi ulawulo lwe nkqubo. Kwanele ukuba bathi Pir-isivamvo Arduino ubuchule babo ukuba bachaze ngokupheleleyo kuphela xa lwenkqubo nokusebenza oluzenzekelayo. Kwaye isebenzisana kuphela kunobhala ngqo ayehlasela umqondiso, kodwa nezinye nabenzi boluvo ababanikezelayo ukuphucula ukusebenza kwayo. Kwangaxeshanye, abenzi kufuna nokuququzelela umsebenzi abasebenzisi ngokwabo. Kuba oku Izixhobo ephuhliswe esebenza ngaphandle, nabenzi boluvo ezi iimodyuli zolawulo igalelo usebenzisa smart phones, njalo-njalo. D.