I icon yeValaam Umama kaThixo: yintoni inceda?

Njalo ngonyaka, ngeCawa yokuqala emva komthendeleko wabapostile abangcwele uPetros noPawulos, iCawa yaseOrthodox yaseRussia ibhiyozela uphawu lukaMama kaThixo, olwalufunyenwe ngaphaya kwekhulu leminyaka edluleyo phakathi kweentaba ezinqabileyo zesiqithi saseValaam. Iyintoni uphawu oluzukileyo lwaseValaam lukaMama kaThixo, luyintoni na luza kunceda kwaye luphi na ngoku? Makhe sithethe ngale nto kwinqaku.

Umkhonzi onobuhlungu bukaNatasha kaThixo

Iimeko apho i-icon ye-Valaam Umama kaThixo ifumaneka kakhulu, kwaye le mbali iqhubeka iminyaka emibini. Kwaqala ngelokuba ngowe-1878 umhlali waseSt. Petersburg, uNatalia Andreevna Andreeva, umntu ozinikeleyo nozinikeleyo, owayevela kwintsapho yasekhaya, ebanjwe ebanda.

E-St. Petersburg kunye nesimo sezulu esinyameni se-Baltic le nto iyinto eqhelekileyo, kodwa uNataliya Andreevna ubanda bephelile kwingxaki - imilenze yakhe yaqala ukugula kwaye ivule, ukwenzela ukuba umntu ogulayo angakwazi ukuhamba. Oku kwaqhubeka malunga neshumi iminyaka.

Ekubeni oogqirha awayebhekiselele babengenakukunceda kakhulu, u-Andreeva wagqiba ekubeni, ngcebiso ngeso sihlobo sakhe, ukuba enze uhambo oluya kwi-Monastery yaseValaam, eyaziwayo kwihlabathi lonke lama-Orthodox. Kulapho, kwiziqithi zasentshonalanga kweLake Ladoga, kwietempileni ezingcwele kunye neempawu ze-monastic zemfihlelo, ubabalo lukaThixo luye lwaphakade ngonaphakade, lugcwala ngokukhululekile kuwo wonke umntu ovule iingcango zenhliziyo yakhe kuyo.

Umbono wobusuku obumangalisayo

Ngobusuku ngaphambi kokuhamba, kwaye ngoJuni 1887, u-Natalia Andreyevna watyelelwa ngumboniso ongavamile. Ngephupha elincinci, wabona umfazi ogqoke ingubo ephothiweyo ye-velvet, ebambe umntwana engxenyeni zakhe kwaye ejikelezwe ngumsindo omangalisayo. Ngenxa yokumangalisa isigulane ngokumomotheka kwakhe, umama osemncinci wamyala ukuba a tyelele i-monastery ngokungenakwenzeka, ethembise uncedo kunye nokuncenga.

Emva kwala mazwi, loo mfazi walala ngaphandle kokutyhila igama lakhe kumhambi ohambelayo. Evuya gqitha oko akubona, uNataliya Andreevna akazange akhangele ukucinga ukuba ngalobu busuku wayehlonipha ukubonakala kweNdlovukazi yaseZulwini ngokwakhe. Kodwa umboniso omhle wamnika amandla, kwaye kusasa kusasa waya kwintonga.

Uhambo lokuqala ukuya kwiindwendwe

Ngethuba lokuqala wayebeka unxweme elunxwemeni kweso siqithi kwimini yokufumana iimpahla zengcwele zendawo uMfundisi uHerman noSergius. Ngeli thuba, zonke iicawa zazaliswa ngabahambi, kwaye kuphela ekupheleni kwakhe ukuhlala kwisiqithi uNataliya Andreevna ulawula ukwenza indlela eya kwiChurch Assumption, apho emfanekisweni weNtombikazi ethembekileyo, elenga kwelinye lamakholomu, ukumangaliswa kwakhe, waqaphela njengendwendwe kwimibono yakhe yobusuku, ethembisa Uncedo lwakhe kunye nokuncenga. Lo kwakuyimpawu ye-Valaam Umama kaThixo, ngeli xesha alikazukanyiswa yimimangaliso.

Nangona kunjalo, kwakungenakukwazi ukuzongeza emfanekisweni, njengokuba kumgama umkhwelo we-steamer uzwakala ubiza abahambahambayo kwi-dock, kwaye kule ndwendwe yokuqala u-Andreeva akazange abe nexesha lokuthandaza kuMama kaThixo. Kodwa ke, ekubuyeni ekhaya, wayeziva engacaciseki kwimilenze yakhe, ukuvakalelwa okubangelwa yintlungu. Ukususela ngelo xesha, ngokukhawuleza wahamba wayilungisa kwaye sele efudula engenamakhonto.

Buyela kwakhona kwisiqithi

Kwadlulayo iminyaka elishumi, apho isi sifo asizange sibuyele, kwaye uNataliya Andreevna onombulelo wayefisa ukubuyela kwisiqithi, apho kugcinwa khona uphawu lweValaam uMama kaThixo, apho iNtombikazi eyayiyibonakaliso yamtyhila ngayo imimangaliso yokuphilisa. Kwakhona, njengokwesihlandlo sokuqala, wayesekulungele uhambo kwaye waya kwinqanaba eliqhelekileyo.

Nangona kunjalo, kwisiqithi wayedumala - i-Valaam Icon ye-Mother of God yanyamalala ngaphandle kokulandelwa kwiCawa ye-Assumption. Ngaphezu koko, akukho nabemi beendwendwe ababengenakusho kuphela ukuba wayeya kuphi, kodwa abaninzi bamqinisekisa ukuba akukho mfanekiso. Nangona ubaba ongaziwayo wayebingelele ngokungahloneli ngezandla zakhe, kodwa wacetyiswa ukuba ukuba uphawu olunjalo, ngoko, ngokucacileyo, lwathunyelwa eSt. Petersburg, apho ngelo xesha i-monostery metochion yavulwa.

Ukukhangela kwisixeko kwi-Neva

Ukubuyela eSt. Petersburg, uAndreeva wuleza waya eNarva, apho kwakukho i-metochion yaseValaam Monastery. Nangona kunjalo, ukudixeka kwakhe, kwaye kwakungekho mfanekiso onqwenelayo. I-icon ye-Valaam Umama kaThixo yanyamalala ngokupheleleyo njengombono wobusuku, watyelelwa kanye ngumkhonzi kaThixo kaNataliya.

Kodwa elinye ilizwi langaphakathi alizange liphefumlelwe, ukuba umfanekiso omangalisayo owawusindise ekubandezelekeni ukhona kwaye uzimisele ukumfumana. Ezaliswe ukholo kuye, u-Natalia Andreevna okwesithathu waya kwisiqithi.

Umbono woProfeto wesiBini

Ukuthembela kwimisebenzi yakhe ukunceda abangcwele beValaam, waqala ngokukhonza i-moleben phambi kweempahla zabo. Ngobusuku bokuqala, esetyenziswe kwihotele yeendwendwe, uAndreeva wabona iphupha elimangalisayo, okwenzeke kusasa kusasa ukuxelela uPapia, uyise owaziyo, i-sacristan efanayo eyayibhekise ekutyeleleni kwakhe kokugqibela.

Wayephupha ukuba, ejikeleza iindwendwe kunye nokuthandaza rhoqo kuMama kaThixo, waya kwicawa yakudala yaseNicholas uMmangaliso, ixesha elide ekugqibeleni aze avaliwe ngenxa yokuchithwa okukhulu. Kwaye apho, emi ekoneni, umkhonzi kaNataliya ngokukhawuleza weva ilizwi elibhekiswe kuye lisuka ezulwini lithi: "Uza kufumana ngokukhawuleza. Ndilapha. "

Kungekudala amazwi ezwi aphela, njengoko umnyango wecawa wavulwa ngokukhawuleza yindoda endala endala e-blue kamilavke, apho uAndreeva wambona khona uStegius waseValaam, ngendlela ayeyithandaza ngalolo suku. Wawubhekisela ngaphakathi, apho kwindawo enzulu yetempile, phakathi kweempahla zebandla zakudala , wema uphawu lweValaam uMama kaThixo ekhoneni.

Injongo yephupha yayicacile - uEkazikazi waseZulwini ngokwakhe wayichazela indawo apho umfanekiso wakhe omangalisayo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe umsebenzi ongcwele, uNataliya Andreevna wayeyicinga ukuba ngumsebenzi wakhe wokuqala ukufumana intlanganiso kunye nezipho ezingcwele ukuze athole amandla. Kwimihla emithathu wazila ukutya waza wazilungiselela isram sakentramente, kwaye ngobusuku ngaphambi kokuba abone ephupheni lakhe uyise wasePapuutia, eshiya icawa, esezandleni zakhe.

Ukufumana umfanekiso ongcwele

Emva kokuthetha kwiiturgy zakuqala zezipho ezingcwele kwaye akazange ashiye icawa, uAndreeva wabona phambi kwakhe isihlwele sabahambi, phambi kwabo uYise Paphnutius owayehamba ngokugqithiseleyo, ethwele phambi kwakhe umfanekiso weNgcwelengcwele iTotokos. Isimo sasingaqinisekanga ukuqhubeka kwephupha lakhe namhlanje. Xa wafika kwisivumelwane noAndreeva, umbingeleli wathetha ngelizwi elinye kuphela ngelizwi eliphukile ngokuvuya: "Yena?" Akungabazeki ukuba kwakuyi icon efanayo neValaam Umama kaThixo, owammangaliso ngokumangalisayo iminyaka elishumi edlulileyo.

Ukubonakala kukaBawo Paphnutia ene icon kwizandla zikaNatalia Andreevna kuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. Ukuva ibali lakhe malunga noko akubona kwiphupha, wachaza njengento evela phezulu, kwaye, emva kokufumana intsikelelo evela kubhabhe, waya kwicawa elidala, iingcango zakhe ezazingavulwa iminyaka emininzi. Ngaloo nto, wafumana indlu ehleli ekhoneni, phakathi kweempawu ezimnyama ezinobuso obungabonakaliyo benceba, kunye nama-analogies aphukileyo kunye nezinye izinto ezisekudala.

Ukuphakanyiswa kweNgqobhoko yeMangaliso

Umfanekiso wesimangaliso wawubekwa kwi-cathedral enkulu yeendwendwe kwaye ngaphambi kwaloo mini kwakukho inkonzo enomthandazo kunye nenkonzo yamanzi yabanjwa, ngexesha lokuphilisa olutsha olwenzekayo. Umthandazo we-Valaam Icon ye-Mother of God, ephakanyiswe ngokholo kunye nethemba, isoloko iviwa.

Yonke imimangaliso yabhalwa ngokucacileyo, kwaye ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho namnye owabakhomba ngokuthembeka kwabo, iphepha ngalinye liqinisekiswe ngamasayinela amangqina amaninzi. Ngomnyaka we-1901 i-abbot yayiholwa ngu-Gabriel abb, wafaka imali engxenyeni engezantsi ye-icon eyona ndawo yinto ephezulu kakhulu-ingcezu yeMbobo kaMama kaThixo.

Kungekudala emva kokuba uphawu lweValaam lukaMama kaThixo luzuze imbeko kunye nemimangaliso yalo kunye namawaka abahambahambayo afikelela kuyo, kwakunokwenzeka ukubeka igama lenkosi eyalibhala. U-Hieromonk Aliipius (Konstantinov), owayesebenze kwi-monasteri, waba kubo.

Wawugqiba umfanekiso weNtombikazi ngo-1887, kungekudala ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, nje ngexesha uNatalia Andreevna ebanjwe kubanda. Yeka indlela emangalisa ngayo ukuba iziganeko zombini zixhamene nomnye - ekuthuleni kwendwendwe yombonisi wabhala uphawu, kwaye eSt. Petersburg ngelo xesha umfazi wayegula, ekugqibeleni ugula lwaye lwazisa ukuzukiswa kwakhe.

Iconography yomfanekiso weValaam owenza ummangaliso

Makhe sihlale kwiinkcukacha ezicacileyo malunga nesisithonjana seValaam sikaMama kaThixo, umfanekiso onikwe yona kwinqaku. Ngokutsho kwabagxeki bezobugcisa, kubangelwa uhlobo lwezithombe zeVirgin, ezivela kwiByzantium kwaye zibiza ngokuthi "iPanagia", oku kuthetha ukuba "Ngcwele". Kwakhona le icon kwi-structure yayo yokwakhiwa ingabonakaliswa kwindlela eyahlukileyo, kodwa uhlobo olufanayo lwe "Nikopaia" - "Umninimzi".

Kuye kuhlobene nomfanekiso weNtombikazi, ukuma ngokukhula ngokuzeleyo nokubamba phambi komntwana wakhe, ukusikelela umbukeli ngesenzo sokunene. Nangona kunjalo, amandla angasesandleni sakhe sasekhohlo akaveli kwimvelaphi yaseByzantine. Le nkcazo yobunjwa ibonakala kwiimpawu zaseNtshona Yurophu "uKristu unguMsindisi wehlabathi".

I-icon yeValaam Umama kaThixo unenkcazelo ebalulekileyo, ekhethekileyo kwi-iconography yama-orthodox: uNdlovukazi waseZulwini ubonakaliswe ngeenyawo ezingenanto, zibonakala ziphezu kweengubo zakhe. Akukho nto yolu hlobo ifumaneka kwezinye iimpawu zeNgcwelekazi zaseMpumalanga.

Ukuya kwelinye ilizwe

Kuze kube ngo-1940, isiqithi saseValaam sasiyiFinland, kwaye phakathi kwezinye iintsika kwakukho uphawu lweValaam lukaMama kaThixo. Ukubhiyozelwa komhla wokufunyanwa kwayo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwindleko yabahambi ababevela eSt. Petersburg nakwezinye iidolophu zaseRussia, emva kokuguqulwa kwenzelwe kuphela ngabemi beendwendwe kunye nabancinci bababambileyo ukuba emva kokukhupha kuka-Oktobha bafudukela eNtshona.

Xa, ekupheleni kwemfazwe yaseFinland, uLadoga kunye nazo zonke iziqithi zayo zaxhaswa kwiSoviet Union, abemi bee-monasteri bashiya indawo ababehlala kuyo baza bathuthela kwindawo enzulu yaseFinland, apho baqulunqa khona i-monastery ebizwa ngokuthi "iNew Valaam". Ngabo, bazama ukuthatha yonke into eyayinokwenzeka. Okokuqala, ngokuqinisekileyo, bathatha izinto ezingcwele, kuquka iminqamlezo, iimpawu, iincwadi zecawa kunye neempahla zokugqoka.

Kwaye kwakukho eFinland kunye nomfanekiso omangalisayo, waphilisa uNatalia Andreevna kunye nabanye abahambahambayo. I-Troparion yeValaam Icon ye-Mother of God, ebhaliwe kungekudala emva kokufunyanwa kwayo, ngoku yaqala ukuzwakala kumhlaba wasemzini, kwaye unyaka wonke uninzi lwaba-Orthodox Finns waqala ukuza kuye ukuthandaza ngokuncenga kwakhe uNdlovukazi waseZulwini ngaye. Endaweni enye iyaqhubeka isetempileni ephezulu yeendwendwe - i-Transfiguration Cathedral (isithombe ekupheleni kwinqaku) kwaye icingelwa ukuba yinto ephezulu ye-monastic shrine.

Isiphumo esilandelayo kwisiqithi saseValaam kunye neendwendwe zayo

Kwaye kwisiqithi esishiywe yiononki phantse kwixesha lonke lamaSoviet, ubomi benkolo abuzange buqalise. Kwangexesha elide kwakukho indlu yokungabikho kwemfazwe neyabasebenzi, apho izifo ezikhubazekayo zaziswa zivela kwinqanaba lexesha elithile. Kwimizuzu engama-60 kuphela le ngqobhoko elimangalisayo lasemantla lalivulekele kubakhenkethi, kwaye kwiminyaka elishumi kamva isakhiwo se-monastery yangaphambili kunye neempawu ezazokwakuye zanikwa isikhundla se-museums-reserved. Ngelo xesha, ukubuyiselwa kwabo kwaqala.

Ukuvuselelwa kweendwendwe kwaqala ngoSeptemba 1989, xa isigqibo sikaRhulumente kaKarelia, intsimi yaso kunye nazo zonke izakhiwo kuwo zadluliselwa kwi-diocese yaseLeningrad. Umhla weValaam Icon yoMama kaThixo, ugubhiweyo, njengoko ukhankanywe ngaphambili, ngeCawa yokuqala emva komthendeleko wabapostile abangcwele uPetros noPawulos, waqulunqwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-2002 ngumyalelo we-Patriarsi waseMoscow kunye ne-Russia yonke uAlexy II.

Phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo, ukwakha icawa enye, eyayisichithwe kanye kanye noSt. Nicolas, apho kwatholakala uphawu lwempawu. Emva kokulungiswa okukhulu kunye nokubuyiselwa okufanelekileyo, itempile yeValaam Icon of Mother of God yenziwa kuyo. Kukho uluhlu olwenziwa kwintlandlolo, kuze kube phakade eFinland.

I-Valaam icon kaMama kaThixo: yintoni inceda?

Ukukhazimuliswa kweValaam icon, apho imimangaliso emininzi yabonakaliswa, yaqala ngokuphilisa intlungu yaseSt. Petersburg, ichazwe ngentla apha ngasentla. Oku kwaphawula isiqalo sesithethe sokuthandaza phambi kwalo mfanekiso weThetokos eNgcwelengcwele malunga nokuphelisa ukugula nokunika impilo. Umzekelo wendlela evulekileyo yokuthululelwa kwimithandazo yobabalo lukaThixo kwaye bafumene ukuba bacele, kakhulu. Uninzi lwale matyala lubhalwa kwiincwadi ze-monastic kwaye ziqinisekiswe ngamasayinela angqina. Kunzima ukucinga ukuba zininzi izibonakaliso zeValaam zoMama kaThixo ezazisa ukuphilisa okufunayo.

Yintoni abayithandazela yona ngaphambi kokuba le ndlela emangalisayo? Ngokuqinisekileyo, asikwazi ukunciphisa ingcamango yoluNcedo loMfazikazi waseZulwini othumela phantsi, kuphela ukuphilisa inyama yenyama, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani kuthi. Inceba yakhe ayinomkhawulo, kwaye, phambi kweNkosi, uthandazela ukuzaliseka kwayo yonke imithandazo evela entliziyweni entliziyweni kwaye iqiniswe ngokholo. Unina kaThixo akayi kushiya ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwabo bamcela ngokunyanisekileyo ukulawula koxolo kwintsapho, isisombululo esiphephekileyo sokukhulelwa, ukukhuliswa kwabantwana nokubafundisa ukuba bangene endleleni efanelekileyo.