Biography of Jonathan Swift, imisebenzi, kuchaphulo olu

Biography of Jonathan Swift - eli bali ngumbhali Irish owayesebenza uhlobo satirical, satirizing ezimbi oluntu. "Uhambo Gulliver kaThixo" - yintandane uninzi abafundi abaninzi le ncwadi, apho abantu abadala kunye nabantwana ukufumana indlela eya yokuvela bulumko.

umbhali

Biography Jonathan Swift iqala e Ireland, e Dublin, Novemba 30, 1667. Uyise wasweleka phambi kokuzalwa unyana wakhe, igosa minor zange ashiye impilo yentsapho. Boy kwimfundo wathabatha Godwin malume. Usisi wam sahlala kunye nonina, intsapho yakhe, uYonatan akazange abone kakhulu.

Ngowe-1682 wabhalisa kwi Emnye - College, iziqu kunye isidanga sedigri. Ngelo xesha kobhukuqo olo of King James yeSibini Civil War waqalisa eIreland. Swift wemka eNgilane a umzala elikude William Temple nonina wamkhonza ngunobhala iminyaka emibini. Temple, i ngonozakuzaku osisityebi, sithabathela bayahlelwa uYonatan ingxenye esebenzayo. Nguye lowo kuvula ubuchule zoncwadi zombhali uselula, yaye inceda ukufumana umsebenzi olungileyo.

ncwadi

Biography Jonathan Swift njengoko umbhali ozalwa iincwadi 1704 imisebenzi ezimbini: "Tale of kwisitya" umzekeliso "Idabi yeeNcwadi", kwakunye nemibongo neendinyana. wakhonza kukuliphi Larakor (Ireland) 1705 kangangeminyaka eliqela, yaye ngo-1713 i-Swift ufumana indawo dean kwi Cathedral St. Patrick kaThixo. Esi sithuba inika ingeniso elungileyo kwaye kungenzeka yokubhala kunye nemisebenzi yoluntu.

Ngowe-1724, phantsi kukhupho elabo "Iileta draper." Ngowe-1726, ukukhutshwa "Uhambo Gulliver kaThixo" imithamo 2. Ngowe-1742, Swift sihambisana stroke eyomeleleyo, ngenxa apho ithe kunye nobuchule inxenye engqondweni. Ngobusuku obandulela ukufa kwakhe, yena wabhala epitaph kwi engcwabeni, leyo ngokuzithandela, njengoko echazwa kuMgaqo ukuthanda kwakhe, ngawela kuye: "Ukujala kwalaph idlulile sele esifubeni sakhe. Yiya, umhambi, yaye sinokumxelisa lowo ebesoloko balwela inkululeko. "

nobuciko Swift

Dzhonatan Svift, ogama zaye zabhalwa kwi Ekuveleni yokuloba boncwadi imisebenzi, wakwazi ukuqonda nje isimo olululo Ireland, kodwa ukunganeliseki kunye namanye nguzwilakhe British yezopolitiko. Sebelele zokuthetha, kodwa ukuqina kunye prilizannosti hayi udumile. Kungenxa kule xesha ulwimi satirical ngayo umbhali, kwesiqalekiso sakhe imikhuba emibi kukunyaba egameni ukulunga nobulungisa, ingqiqo bafumana indlela yabo ezintliziyweni readers. Ahlekisayo eKhwencayo - le ndlela imfutshane melele onke amaxesha.

Jonathan Swift iingcinga ezivakaliswa "Uhambo Gulliver kaThixo", yaye ezifanelekileyo namhlanje. lwezepolitiki kunye ngamayelenqe khangela etyeni e Lilliput, apho abantu ezincinane niyilwele ngamandla. Ukususela ukuphakama ekukhuleni kwayo Gulliver ubona ikhrayoni uthando nomnqweno inzuzo. Kwilizwe nelamaRafa, kwelinye icala, uzuko nobukhulu zelakowabo khangela etyeni. Kwisiqithi eziphaphazelayo Laputa umhambi ihlangana iingqiqo zenzululwazi abaye baphumelela ukungafi, Yeremiya imbali yehlabathi elowo ngokwakhe. Ilizwe yokugqibela apho Gulliver idibana uhlanga amahashe ezikrelekrele kunye nabantu abakhonzi uYehu. Umfanekiso elibi samadoda azizityhakala - oku bubungqina ingcamango Swift, ukuba ezimbi inkanuko kulawula umntu yomelele sizathu, unakho ukudala ibe sisilwanyana.

ubomi Personal uYonatan Swift

Ekwilifa umxhasi wakhe Templa Dzhonatan wadibana intombazana elinomtsalane UEstere Johnson, ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka engama-8 ubudala. Intombi omkhonzazana, yeziswa phezulu ngaphandle uyise, yaye umbhali enkulu iba umhlobo kwakunye ngutitshala ngqo kunye neqabane. Ezincwadini zakhe ubiza Stella yakhe. Esther Stella Sahlala amalungelo abafundi wezindlu emva kokufa uYonatan. Zihlobo, ayephila umbhali ibango ukuba batshata ngasese, kodwa ubungqina ngqo kule kwaye ayikwazanga ukufumana la maxwebhu.

Ngowe-1707, adibana uEstere Vanhomrigh oneminyaka eli-19 ubudala ukuba imbalelwano ngokubanzi ubiza Vanessa. Yakhula ke phezulu ngaphandle ingqalelo kayise, kwaye lifuna ukuba uthando kunye umbhali sele kuqhutywa. Babhala enye kwenye ukuze ukufa uEstere Vanessa, wafa sephepha. wavuthulula Iindaba lokufa kwakhe kakhulu uYonatan.

ipolitiki

Ireland, indawo awazalelwa kuyo Dzhonatan Svift, wahlala ngonaphakade ngenxa kwakhe yokuzalwa kunye nendawo nomzabalazo ubulungisa. Ozithobileyo sizixhalabise nabantu bakubo, zibandakanyeke imfazwe yamakhaya kunye emibi, umbhali amanqaku ashicilelwe, washumayela yapapashwa namaphetshana. Yena ngomsi- zikhuthazwe ubulungisa kwezentlalo, wakukhalimela ikratshi nangokodidi inzondelelo yonqulo iye walwa ingcinezelo i-Irish.

igama Dean Swift yaba phezulu kangangokuba kwimemori bomhlobo uyakwazi ukufunda ibali ilanga. Xa isihlwele bahlanganisana ngaphandle yecawa ukuze ubone ilanga elanga. nqanda uYonatan Ingxolo babebukele yokumisa ukusebenza, waya isikwere kunye isaziso ukuba komnyama imisiwe. Isihlwele wamphulaphula ngentlonelo noMongameli wathengisa.

anika umdla

Biography Jonathan Swift ityhila nje koomofu malunga ngobomi bakhe okuluphawu umbhali njengomntu luzazi luli kunye ngqindilili.

• Kunzima singazihoyi amangcwaba yecawa yakhe, uDean wathumela izigidimi ukuba izalamane kunye nemfuno ukuze anyamekele memory of izinyanya, okanye ukuthumela imali kulawulo engcwabeni. Kwimeko yokuba ukungaphumeleli kunye sengqondo lingenandaba uthembisa ukongeza imibhalo ye izalamane abangenambulelo ilizwi. Enye zigidimi balihlangula George II ngokobuqu. Kodwa njengoko inyathelo kwicala ukumkani icebo, umbhalo stinginess savela malunga esitovini apho.
• zokuhamba engahlawulwayo uYonatan omthandayo omnye Ukubalisa bhalo malunga yabahambi. Apho, wavuka kuphela isiqingatha kwebhedi, owesibini kwakufuneka ukwabelana nomfama. Kodwa ke umbhali ekhankanywe ndidlulayo esebenza umsiki, walala yedwa.
• Ngenye imini, ukuhamba, wabuza iibhutsi Lodge umkhonzi wakhe. Lo mfana, akakwazi ukucoca kubo, bazisa izihlangu ezimdaka Swift ngala mazwi: "Wena nangoku zithe saa yabo." UYonatan angayalelwa ukondla isidlo sakusasa, "wasisebenzisa" amahlwempu, ngenxa yokuba nangoku walamba.

Ubulumko onke amazwi

Kwaba yi akukho kuthetha umntu osisiyatha Dzhonatan Svift. Quotes kunye amazwi ubomi bakhe basinda:

• Umsindo - impindezelo ngenxa omnye.
• Oogqirha kakhulu ehlabathini - uxolo, ukutya, kunye nesimo sengqondo.
• Ngodaba - ngesibetho abantu ofanele njengezinambuzane uthando iziqhamo kuphela usempilweni.
• Ukuba wenza intlekisa umntu, ngoko balungele ukuziphindezela ndikho ngomonde.
• Unga uyithiyile umbhali, kodwa ukufunda bakhe ngokuzithandela ncwadi.
• isipaji igolide Pigskin hayi soshesh.
• ubuncinane nomfundisi uziva ubulolo, engomnye.
• Ulonwabo emtshatweni kubangelwa zonke ekungathethwayo, kodwa waqonda umfazi ilizwi.

Amazwi uYonatan Swift phezu ubulungisa ubukhoboka - ebukhali satirical malunga umgaqo-jiko zelakowabo kunye nabefundisi abonakele:

• Ukuba urhulumente wagqiba kulawula ngaphandle kwemvume abantu, kuba yinkqubo ngamakhoboka.
• Ezulwini akukho igolide, ngoko yena wathunyelwa villains emhlabeni.
• Inkolo - isisifo esibi yomphefumlo ecocekileyo.

Lona Swift

imisebenzi Dzhonatan Svift wemka ukuba nkqu ukuhlela ngqongqo ungalahli imo yazo satirical kwezopolitiko kunye ukungafezeki kwabantu. Ngoku okwakufudula umbhali enkulu. Kakade ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi bakhe abaziwayo "Gulliver" yapapashwa ngeelwimi eziliqela. Adapted iincwadi zabantwana njengoko kusingathwa censors, ukuba uba ngathi ibali mnandi kwi uhlobo emaphupheni. Kodwa kule guqulelo mfutshane incwadi yakhe bafundiswa ukuba thina sonke ezahlukeneyo, kodwa bonke abantu efanayo.

Bakhaya bayazingca italente kunye nengcinga yombhali enkulu. Dzhonatan Svift (ilizwe lokuzalwa kunye nobuchule - Ireland) ngasekhohlo emva kokufa kwakhe, ukholo nekamva eliqaqambileyo kwaye yokulingana ngaphezulu.