I-Hydrotransformer АКПП: isithunzi, umgaqo osebenzayo, ukungasebenzi, ukutshintshwa kwe-hydrotransformer АКПП

Ngoku kutshanje, iimoto zebhobho ezenziwe ngokuzenzekelayo ziye zaqala ukuba zifuna kakhulu . Kwaye kungakhathaliseki ukuba bangaphi abaqhubi abatshoyo ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwe-othomathikhi yindlela engathembekiyo eninzi enkonzweni, iifomati zifuna ukuchasana. Unyaka ngamnye, iimoto kunye neMKPP ziba ncinane. Ukulungelelanisa "umatshini" kwaye kwaxatyiswa ngabaqhubi abaninzi. Ngokubhekisele kwondlo olubizayo, inxalenye ebalulekileyo ebhokheni ngumguquleli we-torque ngokuzenzekelayo. Inkqubo yezithombe kunye nesixhobo sayo - kamva kweli nqaku.

Isici

Kuyilo lwedluliselo oluzenzekelayo, ngaphezu kwesi sigaba, kukho ezinye iinkqubo ezininzi kunye neendlela. Kodwa umsebenzi owona mkhulu (oku kuhanjiswa kwebhanki) kwenziwa ngenguqu yecala. Ngendlela efanayo ebizwa ngokuba yi "donut" ngenxa yesimo sesakhiwo sesakhiwo.

Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba kwiibhokisi ezizenzekelayo ze-convertor-wheel converter torque converter ziquka ukuhlukana kunye neyona nto. Ukongeza kwinto yokudlulisa i-torque, "i-bagel" ithatha zonke izibilini kunye neempembelelo ezivela kwi-flywheel yenjini, ngoko ke ziyazisusa ubuncinci.

Ukwakhiwa

Makhe sijonge indlela umguquleli wombane osebenza ngayo. Eli nqanaba liqukethe amanqaku amaninzi:

• Ivili levili.
• I-clutch yokuvala.
• Ipompo.
• Isondo sokuphendula.
• I-Freewheel iqhosha.

Zonke ezi ndlela zifakwe kumzimba omnye. Umpompo uqhagamshelana ngokuthe ngqo kwiinjinki. I-turbine ifakwe kwiimpahla zokuhambisa. Ivili lesiguquli liphakathi kwepom kunye ne-turbine. Kwakhona kwiplani yesondo elithi "donut" kukho iindawo ezikhethekileyo. Ukusebenza komguquleli we-torque ngokuzenzekelayo kuxhomekeke ekuhambeni okhethiweyo ngaphakathi (ioli yegesi). Ngoko ke, ukuhanjiswa kwe-othomathikhi kubandakanya neziteshi zeoli. Ukongeza, kukho i-radiator. Kuba oko kuyimfuneko, siya kuqwalasela kamva.

Ngokubhekiselele kumakhonkco, i-interlock yenzelwe ukutshiya isikhundla somguquli wecala kwimodi ethile (umzekelo, "ukupaka"). I-clutch yamahhala isebenza ukujikeleza isondo le-reactor ngasecaleni.

Umgaqo wokusebenza we-converter torque

Le nto isebenza njani kwibhokisi? Zonke izenzo ze "donut" zenziwa kwinqanaba elivaliweyo. Ngoko, umbane osebenzayo apha apha "yindlela yokuhambisa". Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ihluke kwi-viscosity kunye nokwakhiwa kwalawo asetyenziswa kwiibhokisi ezicwangcisiweyo. Ngexesha lokusebenza kwe-torque converter, i-lubricant ivela kumpom kuya kwinqwelo ye-turbine, ize ifike kwi-reactor.

Ngombulelo kumacandelo, umbane uqala ukujikeleza ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi kwe "bagel", ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa i-torque. Xa isantya se-crankshaft sinyuka, ukunyuka kwe- angular ye- turbine kunye ne-impeller kulingana. Ukuhamba kwe-fluid kutshintsha ulawulo lwayo. Xa imoto isele ifumene isivinini esaneleyo, "i-bagel" iya kusebenza kuphela kwimodi yokudibanisa i-hydro, oko kukuthi, idlulisela kuphela i-torque. Xa isantya sokunyuka kwenyuka, i-GTP ivaliwe. Ngelo xesha, ukuxhunywa kuhlambulukileyo kwaye umzuzu ovela kwi-flywheel ebhokisini iveliswa ngokuthe ngqo, ngohlobo olufanayo. Isalathisi sinqanyuliwe kwakhona xa sitshintshela kwisigqibo esilandelayo. Ngoko ukunyuka kwee-angular velocities kubonakala kwakhona kuze kubekho ukujikeleza kwee-turbine ezilinganayo.

Radiator

Ngoku malunga ne-radiator. Kuba yeyiphi kwiibhokisi ezizenzekelayo zithathwe ngokwahlukileyo, emva koko konke "kumatshini" wale nkqubo ayisebenzisi? Kulula kakhulu. Kwibhokisi yocingo, i-oyile yenza umsebenzi ococekileyo kuphela.

Ngelo xesha liza kuthelelwa kuphela isiqingatha. Umbane uqulethwe kwi-tray yokuhambisa, kwaye iigesi zixutywa kuyo. Kwibhokisi elizenzekelayo, ioli iqhuba umsebenzi wokudlulisa i-torque (ngoko igama elithi "clutch wet"). Akunakho i-disc friction apha - onke amandla ahamba ngee-turbines neoli. Oku kuhamba rhoqo kwiziteshi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngako oko, ioli kufuneka icolile. Ngenxa yale njongo, ukutshatyalaliswa kweentsimbi ezikhethekileyo kunikezelwa kweso sithuthi.

Ukungasebenzi

Ezi zintlupheko ezilandelayo ziyahlukana:

• Ukungaphumeleli kweGTP.
• Ukuqhekeka kwe-tape ye-brake kunye ne- friction clutches.
• Ipompu yeoli kunye nokulawulwa kwento yokusebenza kakubi.

Indlela yokujonga ukuphazamiseka?

Fumana ukuba yiyiphi into ehlulekile, ngaphandle kokuqhaqha ibhokisi kunye nokuhamba kwayo kunzima. Nangona kunjalo, unako ukuqikelela ukulungiswa okunzulu ngezinto ezininzi. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho iimeko zokungasebenzi kwemoto ye-torque okanye i-freake belt, ibhokisi "iya kukhaba" xa ushintsha iimodi. Umatshini uqalisa ukutshintshela ukuba ubeka umgca ukusuka kwimodi enye ukuya kwenye (kwaye xa unyawo lisekhondeni lokuhlamba). Ibhokisi ibuye ifake kwimodi yokuxakeka ngokwayo. Umatshini uhamba kuphela kwimigodi emithathu. Oku kubonisa ukuba ibhokisi ifuna ukuxilongwa.

Ngokubhekiselele ekutshintsheni kwenguqu ye-torque, yenziwa xa ibhokisi ichithwa ngokupheleleyo (i-shafts drive, "bell" kunye nezinye iindawo zixhunyiwe). Eli nqaku liyinxalenye ebiza kakhulu kunayo nayiphi na isasazo. Ixabiso le-GDT elitsha liqala kwi-600 yamashishini omzekelo wezemali. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokusebenzisa kakuhle ibhokisi ukukhawuleza ukulibazisa ukulungiswa.

Indlela yokugcina ikhonkco?

Kukholelwa ukuba umthombo wolwazi lokudlulisela umyalezo ngumlinganiselo wexabiso elincinane kunaloo-mechanics. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali ziqaphele ukuba ngokugcinwa kakuhle kwesiza, akudingeki ulungiswe okanye utshintshe umguquleli we-torque ngokuzenzekelayo. Ngoko, isincomo sokuqala ngenguqu yeoli. Imimiselo - iikhilomitha ezingamawaka ezingama-60. Kwaye ukuba ioli yegesi yombhalo igcwaliswa ubomi bonke benkonzo, ngoko "kwi-othomathikhi" yinkqubo yokusebenza kwamanzi. Ukuba i-lubricant ibumnyama okanye ifumana iphunga elivuthayo, kufuneka lichithwe ngokukhawuleza.

Isiphakamiso sesibini sichaphazela ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yobushushu. Musa ukuhamba kusasa kakhulu - ukushisa kweoli yebhokisi kufuneka ukuba ubuncinane ubuncinane bama-40 degrees. Ukwenza oku, thumela i-lever kuzo zonke iimodesi ngokulibaziseka kwemizuzwana emi-5-10. Ngoko ukufudumala ibhokisi uze uyilungiselele ukusebenza. Ioli ebandayo ayifuni ukuhamba, kunye nokutshisa kakhulu. Kwimeko yokugqibela, umbane uya kutshisa (xa utshintshile uya kuva iphunga lokutshisa). Ukudluliselwa ngokuzenzekelayo akufanelekanga ukukhutshwa nokusebenza kanzima. Kwakhona, ungabandakanyi ekuhambeni kokungathathi hlangothi, uze uvule "i-drive" kwakhona. Ngoko uya kuphula i-tape ye-brake kunye nezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo ebhokisini.

Isiphelo

Ngoko, safumanisa ukuba yintoni umguquleli wecala. Njengoko ubona, le nto ibaluleke kakhulu kwibhokisi. Kungenxa yoko ukuba i-torque idluliselwa kwibhokisi, ize ifike kwiivili. Kwaye ekubeni ioli apha yimizi esebenzayo, kuyimfuneko ukulandela imigaqo yokutshintshwa kwayo. Ngoko ibhokisi iya kukukholisa ngokusetyenziswa kwexesha elide kunye nokutshintsha okulula.