I-DC yahlukile ukusuka AC kwaye ukuguqula njani?

Constant umbane - kodwa intshukumo amasuntswana kunye icala indlela ethile. Oko kukuthi, ombane wayo okanye amandla (eziphawula values) anexabiso efanayo futhi. Yiloo nto DC yahlukile AC. Kodwa khangela into ukuze.

Imbali ukuvela kunye 'imfazwe imisinga "

DC yangoku yayisa kubizwa galvanic ngenxa yokuba kwavulwa ngenxa yokusabela galvanic. UThomas Edison wazama lugqithe ngaphaya imigca zothumelo yombane. Nangona le mpikiswano lwenziwa phakathi izazinzulu ngalo mba. Bade got igama "imfazwe imisinga". Yaba umbuzo sikhethe nje undoqo, AC okanye DC. "Ukulwa" elo iphumelele mboniselo njengezenziwe amabhere abasisigxina iilahleko ezibalulekileyo, edluliselwa mgama. Kodwa yokuguqula imboniselo yomahluko Womendo akukho ubunzima, loo nto DC yahlukile AC. Ngoko ke, lo yokugqibela ngokulula ukudlulisa nokuba imigama emide.

Imithombo kagesi ngqo

Le mithombo ingaba neebhetri okanye ezinye izixhobo, apho kwenzeka ukusabela imichiza.

Le generator, apho sisiphumo yoqheliso magnetic, uze emva koko mazilungiswe ngendleko sokuqokelela.

isicelo

Zizixhobo ezahlukeneyo DC isetyenziswa kakhulu rhoqo. Ukuze asebenze naye, umzekelo, izixhobo zombane ikhaya ezininzi, iitshaja neejenereyitha isithuthi. Nasiphi na isixhobo portable sisebenzisa umthombo vyrabatavayuschego esisigxina.

Xa isikali mveliso lisetyenziswa kwinjini neebhetri. Kwaye kwamanye amazwe, ukuba zifakwa kunye imigca amandla eliphezulu-ombane.

Xa iyeza nge nosebenzela rhoqo zombane bamthwala ntle.

Kaloliwe (izithuthi) kwaye sebenzisa i variable, kunye neendidi rhoqo.

AC

Amaninzi, kunjalo, wasebenzisa igama lakhe. Apha, ixabiso imin kunye ombane oyithengileyo yothuba elithile ezi zero. Ubukhulu kunye nolwalathiso kuwo rhoqo itshintsha, yaye kwizithuba alinganayo.

Ukuze abangele alternating current, umbane ezisetyenzisiweyo, olwenzeka ngexesha yoqheliso amandla electromotive. Oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa umazibuthe wakhe, ejikelezayo akwitankana (ivili) kunye stator eyenziwe core fixed kunye okukhona siya.

Le ifildi yokuKhangela ezisetyenziswa unomathotholo, umabonakude, yomnxeba kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezininzi ngenxa yokuba ombane wayo kwaye ukukwazi ukuguqula phantse ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla.

It isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino, ngokunjalo ukukhanyisa.

Kunokuba single-lesigaba kunye multiphase.

An ifildi ngoku, nto leyo iyahluka ngokutsho komthetho sinusoidal, sisigaba esinye. Kuyahluka kwisithuba sexesha elithile (ixesha) e umthamo kunye nolwalathiso. AC frequency linani lamathuba ngomzuzu.

Kwimeko yesibini, kuye kwasasazwa inkulu lifumene uguqulelo ontlantlu-ntathu. Le nkqubo leesekethe ezintathu banayo rhoqo efanayo kunye EMF ngoku kwatshintsha yi degrees 120 kwisigaba. Isetyenziswa injini amandla yombane, amaziko, ukukhanyisa.

Uphuhliso abaninzi endle lombane kunye nesicelo zazo zepraktikhali, kwakunye nolwazi oluvela rhoqo alternating uluntu ngoku kukho sisazinzulu omkhulu Nikola Tesla. De kube ngoku, hayi yonke imisebenzi yakhe, inzala eseleyo baziwa.

I-DC yahlukile kwi AC yaye yintoni na indlela yayo ukusuka kumthombo ukuya kubathengi?

Ngenxa yoko, variable ekuthiwa ngoku ziyahluka ulwalathiso ubukhulu kangangexesha elithile. Iparameters ukuba ngexesha imali efanayo ingqalelo le frequency kunye ombane. In Russian ifildi yangoku anikwe nothungelwano indlu zombane ukuba amandla ombane ayi-220 V kunye rhoqo 50 Hz. AC frequency - inani utshintsho isityholo ngqo amasuntswana ngakwicala yesibini. Kubonakala ukuba 50 Hz, itshintsha zokwalatha amashumi amahlanu oko DC yahlukile AC.

Umthombo yawo kwisokethi esithungelanayo zombane ekhaya phantsi ombane ezahlukeneyo.

Alternating current iqala nentshukumo yayo ngezityalo ngamandla, apho kukho umbane ezinamandla ukusuka apho uyaphuma amandla ombane ayi-220 ukuya-330 kV. kuvunyelwane ngazo kwizikhululo sombane, akufutshane kumakhaya, amashishini kunye nabanye zoyilo.

Isititshi yangoku iwela phantsi lombane 10 kV. Apho ke iguqulelwa kwisigaba ezintathu-lombane 380 V. Ngamanye amaxesha le ngesalathisi yangoku utsiba ngqo izinto (leyo waququzelela imveliso enamandla). Kodwa ikakhulu, oku kwehliswa ukuba njengesiqhelo kuzo zonke izindlu 220 V.

inguqu

Kucacile ukuba zokuphuma esinayo AC. Kodwa ke kaninzi, ngenxa izixhobo zombane kufuneka yokuhlala isigxina. Ukulungiselela le njongo, kukho rectifiers ezikhethekileyo. Le nkqubo iquka oku kulandelayo:

• ohlanganisa ibhulorho kunye ilight amane amandla afunekayo;
• lokucoca uqhagamshelo capacitor okanye Imveliso esuka kwebhulorho;
• nabalawuli uqhagamshelo ombane ukunciphisa pulsations.

Uguqulo kungathatha indawo zombini ukusuka alternating ukwalathisa isininzi yangoku and vice. Kodwa ityala yokugqibela kakhulu kunzima ukuphumeza ngaphezulu. Lufuna inverters, leyo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ebiza kakhulu.