I-American "Hammer" yindoda yempi. "Umkhosi" wezempi: iimpawu zobugcisa

"I-Hammer" - imoto yempi yesicelo esiphezulu, eyenziwe yi-AM General (i-American Motors Jikelele) ngo-1981 ngokulandelwa kweSebe lezoKhuseleko lase-United States.

Le projekthi yokudala imoto yonke imoto

Kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe ekhulwini lokugqibela, iinkokeli zaseMelika zasemagunyeni zafika ekugqibeleni ukuba ii-ATVs ezithengiswa ngabakhiqizi bezempi azihlangani ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zomkhosi. Kwakukho imfuneko yokuthutha okhethekileyo kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo ze-US Army. Ngowe-1979, umsebenzi waqala kwiprojekthi enkulu yokwenza isithuthi esiphezulu sevili, esayifumana i-HMMWV. Umatshini bekufuneka athathe isikhali esitsha ngokukhawuleza kunye nokukhuselwa. Ehlotyeni kwaloo nyaka, inkampani i-AM General iqalile iphrojekthi kwaye ingaphantsi konyaka kamva umboniso wokuqala phantsi kwe-M998 isalathisi sele ivavanywe kwintsimi kwaye yamkelwa ngumkhosi wezempi. Emva kokugqitywa, imoto yendawo yonke yayinconywe ukuveliswa kwemida.

Ngokwe siseko seM998 evunyiweyo, ezinye iimpawu zendlela engaphandle zenziwe: M1025 kunye neM1026. Ngomnyaka we-1980, ama-Hummers ama-500 ayenziwa kwi-AM General izityalo, kwaye kwisicwangciso sexesha ukususela ngo-1981 ukuya ku-1985 kwakucwangciswe ukuvelisa iimoto ezingama-55,000.

Ngowe-1989, umkhosi we "Hammer" , imoto ephezulu kakhulu, uthathe inxaxheba ekusebenzeni Ngona sizathu ekuhlaselweni kwe-Army yase-US ePanama. Emva kokuba "ubhaptizo lomlilo" imoto yendawo yonke yaba yinqwelo enkulu kwimikhosi yaseMerika.

Isicelo sokulwa

Ekuqaleni, "iHammer", ukuthuthwa kwezempi, yayisetyenziselwa ukuthutha abantu abancinci kwaye yayingabonwa njengemoto yokulwa. Imoto ayinalo ukhuseleko oluqinileyo kwaye yayisengozini kuzo zonke iindidi zezixhobo, kubandakanywa ukutsalwa kweentshaba ezingatshatanga, ungakhankanyi ngamashishini. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, isithuthi esiphezulu saso sonke sikwazi ukuphuma ngaphandle kokungqubana kunye notshaba, silondoloze iinjongo zokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, iivili kunye nokutshintsha kunye nenjini enamandla.

Ukugcinwa

Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhawuleza kwacaca ukuba iHammer, ilori lempi elingenazo izixhobo, lalifuna ukhuseleko olungakumbi. Kwaye ke inkampani "AM General" yaveliswa imodeli ye-M1114 eneendonga zokulwa. Ukuveliswa kwemveliso kwakungenjalo, umatshini wenziwa ngamacandelwana kunye neenkomfa ezincinci. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuhlaselwa kwabantu abaninzi e-Iraq ukusuka ekuhlaselweni ngokugqithisileyo kwamagorade kunye nokusetyenziswa kweziqhubi ze-grenade, ukukhululwa kweemoto zendawo yonke kwagqitywa kwinguqu yeArms-Armor. Ngelo xesha, ukumiswa kwamanyaniswa kwaza kwaqina kwaye intsha injini ye-diesel turbocharged injini yafakwa. Zonke iifestile kwiifestile zatshintshiweyo.

Ukungakwazi ukulwa nemeko

Inkqubo yokuguqula "iHammer" kwisithuthi sokuqhubeka yaqhubeka, kwaye ngokukhawuleza yacaca ukuba imoto yayilahlekelwa yimpawu zayo zokuqhuba ngenxa yokubaluleka komzimba. Amakhredithi anamandla okukhusela i-cabin kunye negumbi lomgibeli liye landa kakhulu isikhulu sokudakalisa imoto, ebenomphumo ongalunganga ekusebenzeni kwayo. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kokulwa kwemoto yonke yezemoto kwakungenakwenzeka ngenxa yokubandezeleka kwayo kwimibala yam, etshabalalisa ngokukhawuleza umgca ongezantsi wemoto.

Ukuziphucula

I-"Hammer" yamaMkhosi, iimpawu Engazange ihlangabezane neemfuno zemigangatho yokulwa, yayidinga ukuphuculwa okukhulu. Imoto, ixhotywe ngeengalo ezincinci phezu kophahla, yayingenaso isisombululo sokukhusela umqhubi womshini. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukuba umatshini wadalwa njengendlela yokuqhuba ukulwa, ngoko umgangatho wokukhusela abasebenzi uza kuba phezulu. Kwaye ngoku kwafuneka sihlambulule ukuyila kwi-fly ukuze kukhuliswe amandla okulwa kwinqwelo yonke.

"Umkhosi" wezempi: iimpawu zobugcisa

Ngo-1995, ukuveliswa kwe-serial ye-M1114 yaqaliswa kwi-chassis yokuphuculwa kwe-ECV. Lo ngumkhosi wezempi we-jeep "Hammer" kunye nomzila owandisiweyo kunye nokuphakanyiswa okuphezulu, okungazange kuvumeleke ukuhamba kweemoto, ekubeni isithuthi sendawo yonke asizange sibekwe kwiindiza nganye.

Umthamo wokuphatha wezithuthi zomhlaba wonke i-2 toni. Isantya esiphezulu somatshini kunye nenjini ye-Chevrolet i-88 km / h. Isantya semoto yonke yomhlaba ene-diesel turbo yenqaku elithi "Detroit Diesel V8" lifikelela kuma-135 km / h. Ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kungama-23 ilitha nganye ngeekhilomitha ezili-100. Ifom ye-wheel car ye-4 x 4.

Ukufakelwa kwamandla

Umkhosi waseMelika "Hammer" uxhotyiswe ngeenjini ezininzi. Kwimveliso yee-petroli esebenzisa i-Chevrolet V8, umthamo weesilinda ngowama- 5373 cc / cm, amandla angama-135 ilitha. S., Traction eyaneleyo ukuhambisa imoto kwintsimi ngomthwalo ogcweleyo, kodwa ayinelanga ukuqhuba ngokukhawuleza kwinqanaba lomgwaqo omkhulu, kuba ukudluliselwa kusetyenziswa izilinganiso eziphantsi.

Injini ye-injini "Detroit Diesel V8", injini ye-diesel ene-turbocharg, amandla okuphuhlisa ama-lititha ezingama-195. Ngomlinganiselo wesilinda we-6 450 cc / cm.

Zombini izixhobo zixhotyiswe nge-hydromechanical 4-speed Automatic 4L80-E, eyenziwe yi "General Motors".

Impawu ezipheleleyo kunye nezisisindo

Imoto "i-Hammer" (i-US, impi) inamanani alandelayo:

• Ubude bomzimba buyi-4600 mm;
• Ubukhulu - 1800 mm;
• Ububanzi - 2100 mm;
• I-Wheelbase - 3300 mm;
• I-Gauge - 1829 mm;
• Ubunzima obukhulu - 4672 kg;
• Ubunzima - 2676 kg.

Hammer namhlanje

Njengamanje, iingcali zaseMerika ziphuhlisa indlela yoqobo yokukhusela ngokusekelwe kwinkqubo ye-BAE Systems, esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa umkhosi wokusebenza. Isihlalo saloo nto ikhuselekile ngama-50 mm. I-HMMWV yakutsha ixhotyiswe nge-system-gun cerser gunner system kunye nolawulo olude. Ngaloo ndlela, ukudubula kungenziwa ngaphandle kokushiya ikhenkethi. Inkqubo ye "Boomerang" ifakwe kwizinto ezithile zokuguqulwa kwe "Hummer", ephikisana nokuhlaselwa kwe-sniper. Izinketho ezifakiwe kwidivayisi, unako ukufumana ngokukhawuleza i-sniper uze uyichithe ngomlilo wokubuya.

Amanye amazwe aseYurophu nakwiNyakatho Afrika athenge uHummer ukusetyenziswa kwangaphakathi, okukukuphelisa ukungqubuzana okukhulu okukhawuleza kwintsimi yabo. Inqwelo-moya ejikelezayo yonke imoto ixhotyiswa ngamanzi, i-rocket launchers kunye ne-bomb-throwers ye-fireer. Umkhosi waseMelika "Hammer", ongezantsi umgaqo-nkqubo wezopolitiko ongenakuxhatshazwa ngolu hlobo, alulungelelanise ezi njongo.

Ukukhuseleka "Abahlaziyi" baveliswa ngakumbi, uomatshini bathengwa ngamazwe asithathu ngenxa yeenkonzo zabo zokunyanzeliswa komthetho, kumapolisa asekuhlaleni nasemaphoyiseni. Ngo-2007, i-US Marines Corps Administration ifake isicelo sokufaka iinqwelo ze-MRAP ezixhaswayo ngeMammer, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kweenqwelo eziphezulu eziphezulu ze-MRAP kunye nokukwazi ukulandelela.

Ulungiso

Iminyaka engama-35 yokuvelisa "i-Hammer" yenziwe ngaphezu kweenguqu ezingamashumi amathathu zokuguqulwa kweemoto. Kuluhlu uluhlu oluphambili, oluveliswe ngezantsi kwaye lusebenza emacandelo omkhosi ngenjongo yazo ngqo:

• IMETS - inkonzo yeemeteorological;
• I-Ground Mobility Vehicle - umatshini wokunxibelelana nomnxeba;
• Inkqubo yeLazer - inkqubo ye-laser ye-artillery yokunciphisa intshaba;
• I-M1109 - umzekelo wokukhusela ukhuseleko olukhuselekileyo kunye nezibhamu ezikhanyayo;
• M1097 - inzima iHMMWV "Umphindiseli";
• I-M1069 - itrekta ekhanyayo yokukhanyisa, izibhamu ezilingana ne-100 mm;
• M1046 - umatshini wokhuseleko oluphakanyisiweyo kunye noxinzelelo lwe-action of antitank action;
• M1045 - umthumeli wokhuseleko olwandisiweyo, kunye nobunzima be-TOW kunye ne-winch;
• M1044 - umatshini oxhotywe ngezixhobo kunye ne-winch;
• M1042 - umthumeli wokuthutha izixhobo ze-S250, nge-winch;
• I-M1038 - inguqu yempahla kunye ne-winch;
• I-M1036 - imoto eneenqwelo-moya ene-winch ne-TOW complex;
• I-M1035 - imoto ye-ambulensi kunye netente elithambileyo kunye nekhabhinethi emine;
• I-M997 - i-ambulance transporter enekhenkethi ye-4 yokuhlala, i-armored;
• I-M996 - imoto ye-ambulensi kunye nekhabhi ephindwe kabini, ixhobile;
• I-M966 - i-HMMWV, i-armored, ne-anti-tank complex.
• M56 - umshini womsi "uCoyote".

AmaCwecwe kunye noomatshini bokuchitha

Ngesiseko se-chassis M1114 yenziwe i-"Hammer" yokuguqulwa kwezithuthi ezimbini zeeveki, kunye nabasebenzi abane kunye nenqanaba eliphezulu lokukhusela ibhola. Ibutho elinobukhosi libonakalisa ukuhlaselwa kwezixhobo ezi-7-millimeter ezivela kwizixhobo ezizenzekelayo, iigoboliti zentambo yomoya, kunye nempembelelo yokuqhuma kweemigodi yamanzi. Umatshini ugqityiwe kwisanti eselungele ukuqhuma kwaye uvumele ukuqhuba ukubonwa kwezinto ezikude kwiimitha ezili-800.

Ukuguqulwa kweM1115 yenzelwe ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi yemimandla, izakhiwo, ii-hangars, izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo zangaphantsi. Kwimoto zonke izixhobo eziyimfuneko zokukhangela iimigodi kunye namaqokebhe aqhubisayo aqhubekile, kunye nesethi yezixhobo eziqinisekisa ukukhunjulwa nokungahambisani neembutho ezifumanekayo. Izixhobo zesithuthi esikhethekileyo ziquka iiseti zeengubo zeefappers ezibandakanyeka ekusebenziseni ukuhlaselwa.

"I-Hammer M1116" - isithuthi esilungele ukuthutha, esenzelwe ukuhlahla kwiinqwelo zokuthutha kwiiparachuthi kunye nabasebenzi abane.

Iindleko

Imoto yoluhlu lwezempi "I-Hammer" ayisoloko ibonakala kwimpahla yokuthengisa imoto kwintsimi yaseRashiya, imoto embalwa enikezelwa ngokuthengisa iyabiza. Ixabiso lentengo liphuma kuma-rubrikhi angama-730 000 omdala, efuna ukulungiswa kwezithuthi zomhlaba wonke, ukuya kwii-6 yezigidi eziyi-650 ezimalunga nemoto enemeko enhle, kunyaka wokugqibela wokukhululwa.