I-Achromatopsia ayiyona ingcamango yombala. Ukuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwesi sifo

I-Achromatopsia yisifo esibalulekileyo sezinto ezibonakalayo, apho ukujonga imibala kuphazamiseka ngokupheleleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, umntu ubona zonke izinto ezizungezile kumnyama nomhlophe. Isizathu se-achromasia sisoloko sizalwa, kodwa ukuba i-center ye retina okanye i- nertic optic yonakaliswe, umbala wemibala ungaphathiswa.

Iimpawu zesifo

Nge-achromatopsia, ezi zinto zilandelayo zibonakaliswa:

• Iingxaki ngombono womthunzi ngamnye (obomvu, obomvu, obuluhlaza) - umntu ubona izinto ezimnyama kunye ezimhlophe;
• Ukupheliswa kwembono;
• Photophobia.

Ngokulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo kombala wokuqonda , umntu unombono onzulu. Ngenxa yesifo esinjalo, ukubonakala ngexesha lokukhanya kwelanga kuphucula kakhulu. Kule meko, isigulane siyifumene singenayo i-achromatopsia engaphelelanga, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwezixhobo ezibonakalayo kunokupheliswa.

Ukuxilongwa kweAkromasia

Ukuxilongwa kwesi sifo kunokuba ngumntwana wokuqala kwiminyaka yokufunda kunye nomntwana, okujoliswe ekufundeni ukungafani kombala. Umntu onempilweni usebenza ngokugqibeleleyo iindlela ezintathu zokusebenzisa i-cone, nge-achromasia, umsebenzi wee-cones uphulwa, umntu ubona yonke into ejikeleze kuphela kumnyama nomhlophe.

Abantu abaphethwe yi-achromatopsia abanakuze bangabikho iiglasi kwilanga, kuba imisebe, esebenzayo kwi-retina, ibangela ukuvalelwa.

Ukuxilonga isifo, i-ophthalmologists isebenzisa iibhola ze-polykhromatic zikaRabkhin, okanye i-electroretinography. Ngoko ke, ukuba umntwana unempawu ze-achromatopsia, kufuneka adibanise ngokukhawuleza kwiziko lempilo.

Iyintoni i-achromatopsia inokuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye neenkcukacha ngokugqithisileyo kuphela oza kuhlalutya iziphumo zophando kwaye akwazi ukufumanisa imbangela yokuqala kwesi sifo (ukuzalana (i-genetic) okanye ukufunyanwa ngenxa yokudluliselwa kwezinye izifo okanye umonakalo kwizixhobo ezibonakalayo).

Unyango lwesifo

Okwangoku akukho zikhetho zokuphilisa ngokupheleleyo. Into eyona nto enokuyenza yenzelwa ukunciphisa i-photophobia kwaye iphuculise ubuncinane bokubukeka. Ukwenza oku, kufuneka uhlale unxibe izikhanyiso ezikhethekileyo, uzilungiselele amehlo kwaye ulandele zonke iingcebiso zethambo le-ophthalmologist.

Kungenzeka ukuba uphuhliso lwezenzululwazi kwixesha elizayo luza kwenza izi gulane zive ugcwele ubomi. I-Achromatopsia ayiphathwa ngokupheleleyo. Kwezinye iimeko, kunokwenzeka ukuphucula imeko yesigulane, kodwa le nto ingakumbi yokunciphisa iimpawu, kunokuba ziphelise. Akunakwenzeka ukuphilisa i-achromasia ebangelwa yi-chromosomal.

Ukufundisa abantwana abane-achromatopsia kunye nokudibanisa nesifo

Akukho zichasiso zokutyelela isikolo esiqhelekileyo ngumntwana ogqithwe yi-achromatopsia. Oku kuthetha ukuba unelungelo lokuya esikolweni ngaphandle kokukhethwa okukhethekileyo. Into kuphela efunekayo yenzelwe ukulumkisa ootitshala. Abantwana abanjalo bangafunda kakuhle, naphezu kweengxaki zabo zombono.

Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kuyimfuneko ukubonelela umntwana ngeencwadi zezifundo kunye nefonti eyongeziweyo okanye ukumnika izixhobo zokukhulisa eziza kwenza lula ukufunda inkqubo. Umntwana one-achromatopsia kufuneka ahlale emgqeni wangaphambili, njengoko ukuphulwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo kuthintela kakhulu ingcamango.

Xa ukhulile, kukho ukunciphisa, umzekelo, umntu onokungafihli kombala akakwazi ukuqhuba imoto okanye abe ngumsebenzi kwintsi apho umbala wemibala ngumzuzu ofanelekileyo.

Achromatopsia: ifoto

Unokufumana inani elikhulu lezithombe, ezibonisa ngokucacileyo ukungafani kwezixhobo ezibonakalayo ezinempilo ezinokuphazamiseka kombala.

Kulo mfanekiso ngokucacileyo ngakwesobunxele ukungabikho kwamaconsi - iiseli ezinoxanduva lokujonga kunye nokukwazi ukuhlukanisa imibala.

Ukufumana unyango oluchanekileyo, kubalulekile ukwenza i-electroretinography. Le ndlela yokuxilongwa iphezulu xa ikhunjulwa yi-achromatism.

Ukunciphisa impawu zesifo (ingakumbi intlungu xa ibonakaliswe kwimisebe elula) ingasebenzisa iiglasi ezikhethekileyo ezixhotywe ngeiglasi ezibomvu.

I-Achromatopsia yisifo esingazibangela ukuba kubekho ukuphazamiseka kumntu, kuba akazange akwazi ukubona umbala wehlabathi ukususela ekuzalweni. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abanesi sifo, babumba umbala womntu ngamnye, olawulwa yimithunzi yegrey, emhlophe kunye emnyama.

Iingxaki zinokubonakala kuphela kwimeko yesifo esifumanekayo, ngoko kunzima ukuba umntu abeke, udla ngokukhawuleza. Uphuhliso lwe-achromasia lunokubangelwa yimiphunga ye-pituitary gland okanye ukuvuvukala kwesebe yengqondo ekwabiwe kwindawo ejongene nokusebenza kombono wombala.