HIA: yombhalo. Abantwana abakhubazekileyo. Development abantwana abakhubazekileyo

Yintoni le ungayiqondiyo HIA? Kuqondwe ufunda nokukhubazeka. Olu didi lubandakanya abantu abaye iziphene kuphuhliso zombini ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni. Ibinzana elithi "abantwana abaneziphene" kuthetha ezinye izinto ezinxaxhileyo ekubunjweni womntwana, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukudalwa kweemeko ezizodwa ubomi.

Iindidi labantwana abakhubazekileyo

Ulwahlulo basic wahlula izigulane zibe ngamaqela zilandelayo abantwana:

- kunye nokuziphatha disorder kunye nonxibelelwano;

- umntu ongaboniyo ngeendlebe;

- abangaboniyo;

- kunye dysfunctions intetho;

- utshintsho kwenkqubo musculoskeletal;

- kunye abazizidalwa uphuhliso kwengqondo;

- kunye ukukhubazeka engqondweni;

- izifo ezintsonkothileyo.

Abantwana abakhubazekileyo, iintlobo zazo, ukubonelela izikimu uqeqesho olungiso apho umntwana sibe free kulimala okanye ukunciphisa kakhulu ifuthe layo. Ngokomzekelo, xa ndisebenza nabantwana angaboni kahle, usebenzisa ikhompyutha imidlalo ezizodwa zemfundo ukuba ukunceda ukuphucula Umbono analyzer (okunzima Schulte itafile , njalo njalo).

migaqo

Ukusebenza umntwana abakhubazekileyo aku- iyadinisa ifuna umonde. ukhetho nganye kufuna kophulwa kwenkqubo yophuhliso, imigaqo eziphambili ezizezi:

1. INTSHAYELELO Ukhuseleko Psychological.

2. Uncedo sivumelane neemeko zokusingqongileyo.

3. Ubunye joint venture.

4. khuthaza inkqubo yemfundo umntwana.

Isanda kwemfundo ebandakanya intsebenziswano kunye womntwana, inzala Yandisa ukuphunyezwa kwimisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo naso kufuneka bazame ukwakha indawo yoluntu yokuziphatha, kunye nokusekwa ubuchule bokuyila. Asimele silibale impembelelo kuphuhliso labantwana abakhubazekileyo zemfundo usapho, nto leyo lidlala indima enkulu ukuyilwa ubuntu.

Ngoko akukho mfihlelo inkqubo ngamnye yokuba ibandakanya umanyano iinkqubo zentlalo kunye nenkcubeko, kunye nezinto eziphilayo. uphuhliso Nedlac onesiphene singundoqo kwabangelwa yimiba eziphilayo. Yena, ke, yenza iinguqu yesibini ezithe zavela kule bume yezifo. Umzekelo, isiphako oyinhloko abangeva kakuhle, kwaye secondary - oweza sisimumu. Ukufunda ukuzalana utshintsho zamabanga kamva, utitshala L. S. Vygotsky phambili indawo, ocacisa ukuba enye sisiphene oyinhloko owahluliweyo iimpawu ezizisekondari, kokukhona uya kuphumelela iya kuba ulungiso lokugqibela. Ngoko ke, phezu uphuhliso labantwana abakhubazekileyo abachatshazelwa izinto ezine: uhlobo bezityholo, umgangatho, ubungakanani kunye nexesha yanyhashwa ephambili, ngokunjalo neemeko zokusingqongileyo.

Imfundo yabantwana

Kunye efanelekileyo kwaye ngexesha laqalisa uphuhliso umntwana, iinguqulelo ezininzi ekubunjweni ikamva ncitshiswa kakhulu. Imfundo yabantwana abakhubazekileyo kufuneka zibe kumgangatho ophezulu. Kukho ngokwakaloku nje liyanda inani labantwana kunye ongaboniyo kakhulu, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo phambili, inkqubo yoluleko mihla, abafundi abaninzi ukufikelela kwinqanaba elifunekayo uphuhliso kwicandelo yazo.

Okwangoku, into eye isanda ukuphelisa ukungalingani kwezikolo zemfundo kunye zoluleko, indima kwemfundo ebandakanya bonke abafundi. Kulo mba, kukho ukungafani okukhulu ubume yengqondo emzimbeni, uphuhliso lwabo, ngokwengqondo labafundi, nto leyo ebangela kubenzima kakhulu kukhubazeko labantwana abakhubazekileyo kuzo zombini impilo ngaphandle ukuphazamiseka ezisebenzayo. Utitshala zisoloko zilahleka nje kwiindlela zokubonelela uncedo kunye nenkxaso kubafundi abakhubazekileyo. Kukho kwakhona neentsilelo kwisicelo ezahlukeneyo information technology ngexesha lezifundo okanye imisebenzi yezifundo. Ezi izikhewu ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

1. Ukungabikho iziko lemfundo eyimfuneko lobuchwepheshe iziseko, software and hardware.

2. Ukungabikho iimeko eziyimfuneko, ijolise kwimisebenzi nakwezihamba nekharityhulam.

Ngenxa yoko, ukwakhiwa kwe-bume "umqobo-free" ekufundiseni isekhona ingxaki.

Imfundo kubo bonke

Ukufunda ngembalelwano ukuzuza ngokuzithemba indawo zewonga ekufundiseni kunye neefom zemveli. Le indlela yokucwangcisa inkqubo yemfundo lula kakhulu ukulungiselela imfundo ephucukileyo yabantwana abakhubazekileyo. Kokuhlaziya sebanga yokufunda ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: kuba luhlobo yokufunda, iingenelo iyile:

1. lithathelwe High neemeko zobomi kwakunye nempilo yabafundi.

2. ukubuyekeza Khawuleza inkxaso methodological.

3. Ukukwazi ukufumana ngokukhawuleza inkcazelo engakumbi.

4. Uphuhliso self-mbutho kunye nokwanela.

5. Ukwazi ukufumana uncedo olunzulu isifundo sifundo.

Le fomu uyakwazi ukusombulula umba ngokubavumela bafundele emakhayeni abo ukuba abantwana nabayimilwelwe, ngokwenjenjalo smoothing imida phakathi kwabo kunye nabantwana ngaphandle abakhubazekileyo zempilo.

GEF. HIA kubantwana

Ngenxa ye-Standard linokusetyenziswa iintlobo ezine kweenkqubo zoqeqesho. Ukugqiba ukhetho ezinqwenelekayo abafundi lwenzeka kwi ngokusekelwe kwizincomo zeKomishoni engqondweni, unyango kunye zokufundisa. Kuphunyezo olunempumelelo lwenkqubo ekhethiweyo zithathelwa ingqalelo iimeko ezizodwa efunekayo umntwana abakhubazekileyo. Ubonelela ukuba inguqu ukusuka lobeko enye ukuya kwenye kunye nophuhliso lo mntwana. isenzo okunjalo kunokwenzeka phantsi kwale miqathango ilandelayo: isicelo yabazali, umnqweno bomntwana, intshintsho zibonakale entle uqeqesho, iziphumo PMPC, ngokunjalo ekudaleni iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuze umbutho yemfundo.

iinkqubo zophuhliso ngenxa GEF

Kukho iqela le iikharityhulam ngokwesiseko Standard. Le ukhetho lokuqala eyenzelwe abantwana ngubani ngexesha eziqala esikolweni ukuze kufikelelwe kwinqanaba ezinqwenelekayo wophuhliso kwaye zibambisane kunye noontanga babo. Kulo mzekelo, kwi belingana abafundi enempilo zabhalisa abafundi abakhubazekileyo. Kokuhlaziya le khetho imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: abantwana bafunde imvelo efanayo, ukuba ziphantsi kakhulu kwaneemfuno ezifanayo ekupheleni isikolo yonke kufumana uxwebhu imfundo.

Abantwana abakhubazekileyo ababhalise lwalo yokuqala, banelungelo Kwathi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo isatifikethi kwezinye iintlobo. iimeko ezizodwa ziyasetyenziswa kudidi oluthile impilo yabafundi. Le nkqubo ephambili emfundo iquka umsebenzi mandatory lolungiso, ukuba ulungisa iziphene kuphuhliso bomntwana.

Uhlobo lwesibini program

Abafundi abakhubazekileyo esikolweni kokuba baqeqeshwe phantsi olu khetho, bakufanele kangangexesha elide ixesha. Kuba nkqubo ephambili ajoyine izicwangciso zoqeqesho ezininzi ngokususela kwiimfuno zabafundi kwimiqathango kwimpilo. Olu khetho lingaphunyezwa njenge nentlanganisela yokufunda noontanga, kwakunye namaqela ezahlukeneyo okanye iiklasi. Indima ebalulekileyo ekufundiseni lomdlalo bolwazi kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa eyandisa amathuba abafundi. Le ndlela yesibini unika imisebenzi ethile ejoliswe yobunzulu banzi amava lwentlalo abafundi abakhubazekileyo.

Uhlobo lwesithathu

Abafundi nge-HIA ababhalise kulo ngobuwena, ukwakheka ifunyenwe, ufana naye efunyanwa ngaphandle ukuphazamiseka abafundi zempilo. Eyona nto ifunekayo ukuze ukuphunyezwa kwekharityhulam kukudala ngamnye bume kwenziwe. Abafundi abakhubazekileyo, kunye nekomiti ingcali ukuba bakhethe uhlobo ukuqiniszekiswa kunye noqeqesho ixesha. Kulo mzekelo, kungenzeka ukuba afeze imisebenzi zoqeqesho njengoko ekwabelwana noontanga kwakunye kumaqela ezahlukeneyo kunye nemibutho ezizodwa.

Uhlobo lwesine nkqubo

Kulo mzekelo, umfundi abakhubazeke ezininzi abaqeqeshiweyo impilo ngokwamkela inkqubo, kuthathelwa ingqalelo isicwangciso ngamnye. A imfuneko ukuyilwa imeko apho iqondo eliphezulu uyingcali lwenzeka ubomi ukuphunyezwa eluntwini. Le ukhetho yesine ibandakanya uqeqesho ekhaya, apho kujoliswe khona ukwandisa ngaphakathi ukufikelela lula labafowunelwa zentlalo kunye namava. Kuba uphuhliso lwenkqubo Ungasebenzisa iindlela network wentsebenziswano ngezibonelelo emfundo ahlukeneyo. Abafundi abaqeqeshiweyo ngempumelelo ngokutsho lwalo langoku, kwisiqinisekiso esikhutshwe iphethini eqhelekileyo.

Ethile kunokuthathwa ezo amaziko emfundo leyo ukuphumeza zombini inkqubo eziphambili apha naphaya ukulungiselela iimfuno zomntwana abakhubazekileyo. Imibutho elolo hlobo ibandakanya iiklasi ezibandakanya bonke, nto leyo evumela abantwana abanengxaki zempilo ukuphuhlisa ngokukhululekileyo kuluntu. Kwakhona kwezi zikolo ngumsebenzi eqhubekayo nje kuphela abantwana kodwa abazali babo, ootitshala.

Imidlalo njengomncedisi ethembekileyo. program ukusebenza

HIA (diagnosis) - oko kukuthi akukho sizathu ukunciphisa umsebenzi lwemoto umntwana. Nokulunga inkcubeko ebonakalayo kuphuhliso kwabantwana sisiganeko elingenakuphikiswa. Ngemidlalo kwandisa umthamo umsebenzi, uphuhliso lweengqondo, simomeleza impilo.

Uqheliso akhethelwe ngamnye okanye abafundi bohlulwa babe ngamaqela kuxhomekeke iindidi zezifo. Iiklasi ziqala eshushu-up, apho zomculo abantwana benze ezinye iintshukumo ezilula. inxalenye oluMiselweyo kuthatha imizuzu engaphantsi kwe-10. Okulandelayo, inguqulelo ukuya kwicandelo engundoqo. Kule nxalenye ukuzilolonga yenziwa ukomeleza inkqubo sentliziyo, izihlunu izandla neenyawo, uphuhliso noququzelelo kunye nabanye. Ukusetyenziswa Iqela imidlalo negalelo ekusebenzeni ngempumelelo izakhono zonxibelelwano, i "umoya wokhuphiswano", ukubhengezwa ubuchule babo. Inxalenye yokugqibela Utitshala uhambela ukuzibamba imidlalo kunye imithambo, ushwankathela iziphumo umsebenzi owenziwayo.

Iinkqubo zoqeqesho naziphi na izifundo kufuneka zithobele GEF. abantwana HIA unako ukuphucula umthambo kufanelekile, kuba akukho mfihlelo umzimba asakhasayo phuhlisa ingqiqo.

Indima yabazali

Indlela ukuba abazali umntwana abakhubazekileyo. izifinyezo ziqonde elula - abakhubazekileyo. Ukufumana isinqumo esinjalo sikhokelela abazali ukuba imo azilutho, ukudideka. Abantu abaninzi bazama ukukhanyela uxilongo, kodwa ukuphela kufike ukuqondwa kunye nokwamkelwa engasebenzi. Abazali ukulungelelanisa kunye nokwamkela izikhundla ezahlukeneyo - ". Andikwazi ukuba umntwana engekho mpilweni" kwi "Ndiza kwenza umntwana wam ubuntu ngokupheleleyo njengaye 'ukuba La malungiselelo kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kucwangciswa iisayikholojisti isicwangciso sokungenelela abantwana abakhubazekileyo zempilo. Abazali kufuneka ukwazi ifomu echanekileyo uncedo umntwana wakho, nangona iimbono HIA, iindlela adaptation, features uphuhliso.

Indlela entsha ekumisweni

imfundo Joint yabantwana abakhubazekileyo kunye nempilo ngaphandle ukutenxa ziyaxhaswa yaye wachaza eziliqela amaxwebhu. Phakathi kwazo kukho: National Mfundiso of Education, Ingcamango yotshintsho yemfundo Russian, iphulo lemfundo likazwelonke "Isikolo sethu New". Sebenza kunye nokukhubazeka iquka misebenzi ilandelayo kwimfundo ebandakanya: zasekhaya, ezomthetho, abasebenzi, kunye nokuziqhelanisa kwezentlalo kwabafundi, ilandelwe yi ngokudibana kuluntu lwabo. Ukuze bakwazi ukwenza ngempumelelo izakhono kwizikolo zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa ukulungiselela imisebenzi yezifundo, apho abantwana zonke iimeko kuphuhliso lwezakhono ezongezelelweyo. Olu hlobo imisebenzi yokufunda abantwana abanengxaki zempilo kufuneka elungelelanisiweyo kunye iisayikholojisti yaye athathele ingqalelo iimpawu ngabanye abafundi. kungekudala kwixesha elide, umsebenzi nomonde bengqondo iinkqubo ngoncedo oluveliswe kuya kubangela.