Fraxinus Americana apho ezikhulayo, inkcazelo, photo

Ngokutsho legend, oothixo yamandulo yesiGrike iinkuni ash kwakujongwa kakhulu ezifanelekileyo ekudalweni womntu eziphathekayo. Yaye kumbongo wakhe "Works and Days", yabhalwa uHesiod isixelela ukuba Zeus wadala abantu oluthi lwentshuntshe yakhe. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Greece yamandulo Armourers kunqunyulwa ngomthi uthuthu.

E Greece yamandulo, lo mthi kugqalwa uphawu luni yobulungisa. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yesi sizathu, isithixokazi lwempindezelo - yokohlwaya nemesis - kudla ngokuboniswa imizobo kunye nesebe wentaba ngesandla sakhe. Abanye abantu babekholelwa ukuba iinyoka ezinobuhlungu boyika umlotha, ingakumbi, isiselo yayo. Kwakukho inkolelo yokuba xa ihempe emanzi juice Ashenvale, koma, ndigalele, uyakwazi uzikhusele izinja eziyityhefu.

ECaucasus yenye imithi iziqu. Kuba izizukulwana, hlobo ezaziwugadile hayi imithi nje omnye, kodwa siyityala lonke. Apho ke benza amadini izithethe. Kuba oku kwakufuneka lwempindezelo igazi elimsulwa, ash anelisekile madini Ayemnika iimveliso zobisi.

Kweli nqaku, siza kukuxelela apho ukhula kucacile njengoko ibonakala. Usenokuba nomdla ukwazi isetyenziswa njani na.

Ash (imithi) uhlobo

Namhlanje kukho ngaphezu amahlanu neentlobo yale mithi. Abo ixhaphakileyo ehlabathini:

• Fraxinus Americana - ikhula kwimpuma North America. It ithanda amahlathi wofika, kunye ezityebileyo zizondlo, waba ngovo-ngovo nomhlaba ofumileyo. Kwenzeka kumathambeka (ukuya ku-1050 m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle), ezindulini.
• Ash intyatyambo (white) - kusiwa kwinxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya, eNtshona Yurophu, kuMbindi Mpuma. Ngaba xero photophilous Mesophytes amahlathi avuthulukayo.
• Ash Lancet (green) - na esinye isityalo emela uhlobo luthuthu. Phantsi kweemeko zendalo ezifumaneka kwimpuma North America. Kwinkulungwane XVIII ukuba bube kwinkcubeko, uze emva koko alaqhenqetha kakhulu ngokubanzi. Kumahlathi avuthulukayo zenze lokulima ashinyeneyo, ezikhula ecaleni lomlambo amachibi, iinduli ezimanzi kunye uplands.
• ash yaseYurophu - oluqhelekileyo kweli inxalenye yaseYurophu welizwe lethu, emahlathini zaseCaucasus kunye eCrimea, eNtshona Yurophu, eAsia Minor lweMeditera. Ukhula amahlathi wofika kwimihlaba calcareous echumayo.

• Ash ezintofontofo (Pennsylvania) - kusiwa e North America. Populates emfuleni, aziva ekhululekile kumathafa onogumbe.
• ash Manchurian - onamandla emthini ukuphakama kuyimitha ngaphezu mathathu kanye ububanzi nesiqu ngaphezu kwemitha. Asasazwa eMpuma Ekude, Eastern Asia. Luphawu amelweyo koovimba ezininzi.
• Black ash - ifumaneka kwimimandla esempuma North America. Umthi uba ezingamashumi amabini anantlanu eemitha. Ukhula umi bedidekile ngasechwebeni kwimisinga kunye namachibi. Olu hlobo ethwala amanzi encinane amileyo. Kakhulu kunqabile kwenza nqwelo ehlambulukileyo.
• Ash nosolistny - ubude umthi encinane akukho ngaphezulu kwe elinambini leemitha. Umboko ubukhulu - malunga namashumi amathathu cm. Asasazwa eMpuma Ekude, Eastern Asia. Luthe lwahluma kwezinye zolondolozo Far Eastern.

ash American (imithi): Inkcazo

Slim, abade umthi (iimitha ukuya ku amane). Crohn ebanzi, ovate. La masebe ebalelelwe lilanga, kuphela amasebe abaselula abe pubescence kancinane zana-amdaka aze abe ithinti bubomvu. Kamva zinaso iorenji umbala ukukhanya. Ngamanye amaxesha kuba emsi-ngwevu okanye mdaka.

Ihamba kunye neentyatyambo

ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka Igqabi emthini. Ash has kakhulu ipleyiti enkulu kunye ubude - malunga namashumi amathathu cm. Amagqabi elintlangothi wona aqoqiwe okanye wonke. isimo sabo lume-mbhoxo okanye lume-okweqanda. Sheet complex equka amacwecwe ezintlanu ukuya ezisithoba. ubude yabo ayikho iisentimitha ngaphezu kweshumi elinesihlanu, ububanzi - malunga ezintlanu cm.

Bona ibekwe petiole ezincinane (0.4-0.8 cm). Icala aphezulu kwipleyiti elinombala umbala emnyama oluhlaza, kunye imithambo ezazikayo, inxalenye esezantsi ye lighter kakhulu. Kuye texture yeselula okanye egudileyo. inflorescences Pistillate ingaba iisentimitha ezilishumi ubude. Iintyatyambo dioecious. Uluthi kulula ebonakalayo.

isithelo

ash american, esiye bahambisa iifoto kweli nqaku iziqhamo-lionfish. ubude yabo zisukela cm 2.4 ukuya 3.4. Xa ubude neenkozo zepistasi phezulu kancinane ngaphantsi kwe impellers kwesiqingatha. Zinelungelo imilo rhoqo zezindlu, amaphiko nje erhangqwe.

Fraxinus Americana esezansi ukususela phakathi-Epreli ukuya kutsho ekuqaleni Meyi (phambi kokuba amagqabi). Ngelo xesha, xa ukulungele ukufumana umungu le stigmas of amablom obufazi, iintyatyambo oyindoda ezikufutshane okwangoku abaqolileyo ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke ivundiswe umungu ukusuka kwezinye imithi. Fruiting ukusuka Agasti ukuya ku-Oktobha.

Ash thelo zizityebi kukutyeba (30%), abantu kudala kubo zisetyenziselwa ukutya. ENgilani ngenkulungwane XVIII, ukuba basindiswa ngohlobo zobuntwana aze asetyenziswe zizinongo okuneziqholo ukuba inyama kunye nemifuno izitya. Spring umthi ubonisa incindi emnandi, ethi isetyenziswe njengento ethatha indawo sucrose.

Kwi imihlaba echumileyo uthuthu American, iifoto apho ubona kweli nqaku, ikhula ngokukhawuleza. Isityalo aqine, kodwa maxa wambi kube buhlungu kuneqabaka kwentwasahlobo. Fruiting umthi ukusuka kumashumi amabini anesihlanu ukuya iminyaka emashumi mane. Usebenza self-imboni, ngokufuthi zasendle aphilileyo.

umhlaba

Fraxinus Americana akukho fussy kakhulu umhlaba, kodwa akhethe otyebileyo umhlaba asidi nje kancinane. Iphuhlisa kakuhle kunye nemigxobhozo. Amele imbalela. Amaninzi oko coexists kunye alder, um-oki, maple. kunqabile kakhulu yinxalenye otyewe kuzo. It akufundisayo kakuhle iimeko mzi. Kwi-US, oku kusetyenziswa isityalo zokuhomba.

buphindwe

Phantsi kweemeko zendalo, Fraxinus Americana ezityalwe emva komnye, Namagatya usisihlalo kunye nembewu. Xa ziindawo zokutyala yokufakelwa badla ukusebenzisa imbewu leyo bejamelene ne-pre-ezithile ngokwezinga.

Ukusetyenziswa in amayeza

Ixolo namagqabi wentaba kudala bakuphatha inhalation, radiculitis. Isoloko isetyenziswa njenge isisu kunye umchamo, kwaye indawo ephelele umkhwinini. Hamid Preseka (ugqirha Roman) wachaza umsebenzi wakhe ukusetyenziswa iimbewu ash ukunyanga ukukhohlela, nokudumba, isifo zesibindi. AmaJamani amandulo kunye kwanamaGrike bathi nancindi ash uyakwazi ukuphilisa ukusuka walunywa.

Namhlanje Fraxinus Americana esetyenziswa ngokokugqama namayeza abanam. Kuba nokuveliswa amachiza asetyenziswa amaxolo, amagqabi kunye neziqhamo yomthi uthuthu. Amaxolo ivunwe entwasahlobo, kunye namagqabi - ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Amagqabi ziqulathe:

• asidi eziphilayo;
• carbohydrate;
• neeoli ezixabisekileyo;
• carotene;
• Salonina;
• vitamin C;
• tannins.

Akukho zinto ngaphantsi luncedo eziqulethwe uqweqwe:

• phenols;
• carbohydrate;
• coumarins;
• sezakhi;
• flavonoids.

imixube ezisekelwe ash babe indihlaziya kunye hemostatic, astringent kunye antipyretic, umchamo kunye isisu, antispasmodic kunye elwa, antitussive kunye neempawu anti-rheumatism.

Nokuhlanganiswa iziqhamo esetyenziselwa ngokwemixholo ngenxa varices. Ijusi isetyenziselwa ukufumana mannitol, nto leyo ngendlela womisa lisetyenziswa yomxhesho izigulana seswekile. Noko ke, asimele silibale ukuba umungu wentaba - a allergen eyomeleleyo, onako zivuse uphuhliso dermatitis zoqhagamshelwano.

anika umdla

• Le umthi inani lamagama yabantu - UHolly, yasennik, yasenina. badla coexists ne oki kunye maple. Okwenzeka ash kunye komthi wom-oki entlakohlaza, abantu bathi xa amagqabi yokuqala ukuvela kuqala kwi komthi wom-oki, ehlotyeni iza kuba owomileyo.
• AmaGrike amandulo basebenzisa nancindi amagqabi ash ukuphilisa amanxeba emva kokuba isilwanyana esilunywe iinyoka ezinobuhlungu.
• Ijusi efunyenwe amasebe, wemba amehlo akhe ukuphucula umbono uzenze kukhanya.
• ERashiya, ash ixolo ezisetyenziselwa seengcongconi kunye nomkhuhlane. izizwe ezininzi khonza ecacileyo. It was ngokuba "umthi wokwazi", kwakujongwa njengophawu lobomi nobulumko.
• Xa intsomi ka Ukraine yena abe umuntu ukubandezeleka. Imikhosi yolawulo yamandulo Scandinavians endalo obumntwisiweyo ash enkulu, apho inkxaso kumagumbi angaphantsi ezulu.
• Xa umlingo, waba isimntwiso okulungileyo nokubi. Nemimoya bakholelwa ukuba umthi amandla enamandla.
• Kwinkulungwane XIX elithi "ash" lalisetyenziswa kwi ubukhomokazi.