Le izimbiwa yommandla Irkutsk, igolide, amalahle, intsimbi ekrwada. Gold dipozithi Sukhoi Log. Slyudyanskoye nezemarmore sam

Namhlanje siye sithethe malunga izimbiwa zommandla Irkutsk. Cinga intsimi ephambili, ngokunjalo uxoxe ngayo yonke into zizityebi kule ndawo. Okokuqala, khangela le yingxenye Russia ngakumbi.

indawo Irkutsk

Abemi kummandla ka-2016 ibe malunga nama-2.5 yezigidi zabantu. Kulo mzekelo Kubalulekile ukuba umlinganiselo inzuzo zendalo yokufudukela negative. Njengoko uqoqosho, kufuneka kunokuthiwa kummandla Irkutsk ithatha indawo ophambili kwi-Trans-Urals. Labemi uhlala ikakhulu ngenxa iinkonzo lokuthengisa esebenzayo. Industry isekelwe phezu yokunyibilikisa isinyithi non-ayoni, Intlama nePhepha, amashishini amaplanga kunye zokusebenza, ngezobunjineli, ishishini ugesi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ummandla Irkutsk yeyona ndawo kunye uhlobo mveliso kuqoqosho. Trans-Siberian Railway - kwemithambo yezithuthi ephambili yale ndawo. Enye indawo ebalulekileyo kuhlala yezothutho ezindleleni. Ekubeni le ndawo igcwele emilanjeni, uphuhliso olukhulu sele ifikelele yamanzi. Kwakhona eziphuhliswe kakuhle links moya.

minerals

Ummandla uphethe inxalenye esemazantsi Central Siberian Plateau. Kukho izimvu kunye Range Primorsky, Patom kunye Stanovoye Highlands. Xa inxalenye kumzantsi-ntshona ezintabeni Eastern Sayan. Kwakhona, ummandla le ngingqi kuhlala Lake zamanzi.

ummandla leziMbiwa Irkutsk lizisa ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Kukho luthathe oyile, amalahle, igesi yendalo, igolide, intsimbi, rock ityuwa, amalahle kunye lignite, udongwe, gypsum, kaolin, linguMika. Amalahle geni kummandla Irkutsk of the iidiphozithi ezintathu eziphambili, apho sinikhankanya ngezantsi. Ngelo xesha kwi akhawunti kushishino lwemigodi ye% 11 kuphela isakhiwo industrial lommandla. Xa isakhiwo shishino ngokwayo, yindawo kwabelwana zizibonelelo ezintathu:

• igolide kummandla Irkutsk ithatha malunga ne-47%;
• amalahle - 28%;
• insimbi (18%).

ioli kwangaphambili ukufumana ngokulinganayo 2.6 billion metric tons. Iron nsimbi kummandla Irkutsk wayemela iidipozithi ezincinane. In konogumbe-Cheremshansky, i izimvu kunye nemimandla Irkutsk fanekisela imithombo yamalahle. Ngaphezu koko, benza phezu intsimi Mugunskogo, Azejskogo kunye needipozithi Cheremkhovo kwi Irkutsk isitya.

iimpawu ngokubanzi

Irkutsk Region IJografi ivumela ukuba bavelise iintlobo ngeentlobo kwezimbiwa. It is a ibhastile oxabisekileyo imibala eyahlukileyo. Kwingingqi Irkutsk, unako ukufumana khona phantse nawuphi na umbala. Phambi Sludyansky endle ukuba adlale indima ephambili yaphela linguMika, ezizezi, naziiperile wathatha indawo yayo. Irkutsk iindonga emarmore emhlophe, engasemlanjeni le naseNovosibirsk emgodini isikhululo sikaloliwe ka eKharkov ebizwa ngokuba 'uyazazi "kunye eMoscow kwisitishi metro" Ulitsa 1905 Goda "yaye" Barrikadnaya. "

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ezininzi izicelo na lekalika mramorirovanny. Caphula kuyo kummandla Irkutsk of "Pit Pass".

Kukho kulo mmandla kunye nezinto ezingasetyenziswanga ekrwada: udongwe eliyinjubaqa phosphate. Nje 3 km ukusuka mzi kukho idiphozithi ye apatite. Ngokutsho uqikelelo, kukho malunga 90 million tons. Lendawo ingaba isiseko esihle ukwenzela ukuvelisa izichumisi phosphate. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngaba kunxulumene uvimba kwaye ibekwe njengeempuphuma.

4 km ukusuka Slyudyanka kukho iidipozithi abazizityebi zodaka eliyinjubaqa. Kuye kwavulwa kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, xa wokwakha waqala sama-zamanzi Railway. Phambi kokuba revolution yayiveliswa kukho udongwe ukuvelisa izitena elinjubaqa, kodwa ngowe-1927 imayini yavalwa.

Sukhoi Log

Intsimi ke ngobukhulu umxholo ekrwada zegolide eRashiya. Okumangalisayo kukuba, olubalelwa kuphela-28% yazo zonke kwizimbiwa eRashiya. kutshanje uvavanyo Sukhoi Log kuqhutywa (ebusika-2016) kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba esitokisini kule ndawo liqikelelwa kwi-1,53 kweetoni eziliwaka zesilivere 2.7 lamawaka iitoni zegolide. Kodwa apha iingxaki. Ngoko ke, kukho izabelo enkulu sizoku lwisana neqondo eliphantsi umxholo legolide nsimbi. Eli lixesha elide kube yingxaki enkulu yaye kakhulu kwinkalo yophuhliso. Kutshanje, ebusika 2017, Sukhoi Log watshintshelwa inkampani "SL Gold" yophuhliso.

Fumana endle kuba kwi Lena indawo nokombiwa kwegolide (inxalenye central). Umgama ukusuka kwiziko yommandla ulingana km 850. Kwesona sikhululo sikaloliwe sikufuphi - Taksimo.

Sukhoi Log yavulwa ngo-1961. Kanye ngeli xesha ngokubonakalayo kuphandwa wonke loo mmandla. Amaziko amaninzi (TSNIGRI, VNIIKhT, MISA, njl) olwenziwa imisebenzi yophando ukwenzela ukufumana ekrwada. Ehlotyeni yokuqala ka-1986 kwaye lwenziwa uluhlu lwemisebenzi ukwenzela ukulungiselela izifundo. nokuhlaziya olubanzi zolondolozo lwaqhutywa ngo-2007-2008, iziphumo thina ndathethayo ngasentla. Ngo 1990 inkampani wafumana mvume "Lenzoloto".

iimpawu zejoloji

ores Gold zimelwe kunye namabala carbonates kunye sulfides. Field ngokwayo ngokusekwa kubukhulu, izikhundla kunye nemiqathango isahlakalo ekrwada yahlulwe yangamacandelo 4: Central, Sukholozhsky Northwest kunye West. Ubutyebi owokugqibela okwangoku uphando, njengokuba kubhaliwe ekuqaleni nje ukuba siqhelane. Uninzi nsimbi Sukholozhsky zizityebi ummandla iqulethe malunga ne-88% yazo zonke iintlobo.

umzimba amandla ekrwada isusela kwi-15 m. Oku imelwe iidipozithi tabular. imida Natural kunye nayiphi na imveliso phezu komhlaba ekrwada umzimba. Kukho iindawo slabozolotonosnyh rocks. Ore kumafa weekhemikhali ayikho eyahlukileyo kakhulu ezingxondorheni ezingqongileyo.

laboratory ukufunda usebenzisa ukwahlukana photometric lwaqhutywa ngo-2006-2007. Injongo ezixatyiswe oovimba, ngokuphindaphindiweyo okhankanywe ngasentla. Isiphumo ephambili sifundo olungumtshangatshangiso iteknoloji ziqu kwangaphambili. Oku, kuphucula umgangatho amaxesha imveliso eziliqela.

Slyudyanskoye endle

Slyudyanskoye iidipozithi emarmore emhlophe ibekwe emazantsi Lake zamanzi. Ichaphazela indlela loza kumntla Range Khamar-Daban. Ngokutsho kwicandelo lolawulo, Slyudyanskoye endle ise kwingingqi Irkutsk kummandla Slyudyanka. Imbali kule ndawo iya emva kwinkulungwane XVIII. Esi sifundo sokuqala, olwenziwa yi izazinzulu ngezingxaki ubutyebi wesithili Slyudyanka, kwaqala ngo-1832. iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo ezinokuntsonkotha ezazibekwe - i Mesozoic, Paleozoic kunye archaea. Ekubeni basalts ngokwaneleyo, le ndawo igcwele ematyeni ezisisiseko ezintsonkothileyo Precambrian. Intsimi zizityebi phlogopite, lesafire, pegmatites zakhiwe. emasimini Main ubutyebi - a ibhastile. Singene 61% yendawo.

LeZimbiwa kummandla Irkutsk Kunzima ukucinga ngaphandle "imyuziyam zendalo mineralogical." Yeyona igama elinikiweyo endle phantsi kwengxoxo. Oku wamngenisa kuye udumo ufumana ziikristale imilo emangalisayo kunye nobukhulu. iintlobo umbala ezininzi izimbiwa ukusuka kwindawo ofumene kuyo igama layo.

Intsimi ephawulekayo?

Kuba mineralogy kunye petrography indawo andilunganga ngaphezu Slyudyanskoye endle. iintaba ukuphakama Great ukuba basondele zamanzi wakhe ukubukeka ogqibeleleyo. eyingozi Deep nemiwonyo kunye neenguqu ezikhawulezayo ukuphakama kudala imeko-bume elisemagqabini ngezenzeko zendalo ezifana splyvy, mudflows, zekhephu, landslides, ikhephu rock zekhephu.

Emva ngo-1935, lo mineralogist onesiphiwo P. esibizwa wadala isishwankathelo yokuqala izimbiwa Slyudanki. Nanamhla oku, ukuba uhlala kuphela kunye eneenkcukacha kakhulu. Iimbekiselo lo msebenzi kungaba kuhlangana iincwadi ezininzi Russian angaphandle weendawo.

Kule 50 yenkulungwane ophelileyo uphuhliso dipozithi marble "Pass" kwi Slyudanke. Nanamhla oku, ngabam olusebenza apho kuhlala abanikezela of raw materials wemveliso lwesamente.

iidipozithi Malobystrinskoe of lesafire

Intsimi got igama layo kuba sikhoyo kufuphi nomlambo Small Ekhawulezileyo, nto leyo isebe elincinane le Irkut. Umhla esemthethweni yokuvulwa ithathwa-1851, kwaye discoverer G. Permikin. Le unomthamo lazuritonosnye "mithambo" ezimbini. Ziqulethe uluhlu iilensi kutsala ohlanganisa indawo apho lesafire indlwane saso. Le calciphyres Ubude lazuritonosnye ukufikelela 140 m lazurite amatshe, kwabonakala ngeendlela eziliqela .:

• minor ukumitha lazurite ematyeni nezemarmore,
• wachuba iindawo ugqibele blue lenyengane;
• maqhuqhuva kunye zakhele carbonate-silicate iqokobhe.

kwiindawo eziyingxaki

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kwinqanaba jikelele uphuhliso kummandla kakhulu phezulu, kukho iingxaki ebonakalayo. Ekuqaleni kwaso kakhulu nenqanaba ixesha lobomi. Kodwa ke, kule minyaka 10-15 ezayo, licwangcisela indlela yokuphuma yeentlekele wabulela kuyilo kunye nophuhliso Kovykta condensate igesi intsimi, kufuneka ukukhulisa uqoqosho ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha. Le ngingqi iingxaki ebalulekileyo yokusingqongileyo ezinxulumene ziintshukumo zenyikima kwisiqalo mboni zaphuhliswa. Musa uwajongele phantsi iingxaki lwendalo zamanzi.

UPawulos iziphumo nqaku, ndifuna ukuthi ukuba izimbiwa yommandla Irkutsk kakhulu zahlukahlukene. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba mmandla sikude ngelo kwincopho uphuhliso kwazo kwezoqoqosho, iye ibe enkulu kuphuhliso. Nakuba kunjalo, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo enkulu imeko esingqongileyo, apho kwindawo ephantsi kakhulu kule ngingqi.