Organelles Non-inwebu weeseli: iintlobo, isakhiwo, umsebenzi

Animal iiseli, izityalo kunye nomngundo luqulathe izahlulo ezithathu eziphambili: i-plasma inwebu, nucleus kunye icytoplasm. Iintsholongwane kwahluka kubo kuba akanayo inucleus, kodwa ke inwebu kunye icytoplasm.

kanjani kukho icytoplasm?

Oku kuyinxalenye lwangaphakathi iseli apho kunokuba hyaloplasm owahlukileyo (ulwelo medium), ngomhla kunye organelles (organelle). Inclusions - ukuma non-rhoqo kwisisele, ngokusisiseko ukumela amathontsi okanye izondlo crystals indawo. Organelles - isakhiwo esisigxina. Njengoko main units umzimba ezisebenzayo ezo zidumbu, ngoko ehokweni yonke imisebenzi emikhulu eyenziwa yi organelles.

Inwebu and non-inwebu organelles leeseli

Eyokuqala yahlulwe odnomembrannye kunye dvumembrannye. Kuphela yokugqibela emibini - oko mitochondria kunye chloroplasts. Ngu odnomembrannym ziquka lysosomes, izixhobo Golgi, reticulum endoplasmic (endoplasmic reticulum), vacuoles. Malunga organelles non-inwebu, siza kuthetha okungakumbi nqaku.

organelles Non-inwebu lobume yeseli

Ezi ziquka ribosomes, iziko iseli kunye cytoskeleton kwakhiwa microtubules kunye microfilaments. Kwakhona kweli qela lunokwamkeleka organelles intshukumo lilifa eyodwa enye, kwakunye iiseli zesini samadoda kwizilwanyana. Masijonge ngokomyalelo organelles non-inwebu of iiseli, yesakhiwo umsebenzi.

Yintoni ribosome?

Oku non-inwebu organelles leeseli, enamakhulu ribonucleoproteins. isakhiwo yabo iquka iinxalenye ezimbini (subunits). Enye yazo oluncinane - ezinkulu. Nokuphumla, ahlukile. Bona ahlangene xa ribosome iqala ukusebenza.

Makhe organelles non-inwebu weeseli ze protein yokuqaphela. Ezizezi, ngokuba inkqubo translation - wokujoyina acid kwikhonkco polypeptide ngendlela ethile, iinkcukacha apho iyakotshwa ukusuka DNA mRNA olushicilelweyo.

ribosomes lingu- neenanometer mabini. Inani le organelles ngaphakathi kwi seli besukelana ukuya eziliqela amashumi amawaka ziingceba.

Xa eukaryotes, ribosomes sele hyaloplasm, naphezu komhlaba reticulum rough endoplasmic. Kwakhona khona dvumembrannyh organelles: i-mitochondria kunye chloroplasts.

cytocentrum

Le organelle nto ndiyibhalayo centrosome, nto leyo singqongwe tsentrosferoy. Centrosome kuquka centrioles ezimbini - ezingenanto ngaphakathi lombhobho eyakhiwa microtubules. Tsentrosfera ibandakanya unyenyisa ukusuka kwiziko radially microtubules cellular. Kwakhona, le nto ndiyibhalayo zixhobo aphakathi kunye microfibrils.

iziko Cell wenza imisebenzi efana nokusekwa edibanise mitotic. Kwakhona kumbindi lombutho microtubules.

Ngokumalunga isakhiwo eekhemikhali le organelle, iyeza esisiseko i tubulin ziiprotein.

Le organelle ise embindini zejometri esiseleni, ngoko ke eli gama.

Microfilaments kunye microtubules

Eyokuqala i olulingana protein actin. ububanzi yabo 6 NM.

Ubukhulu bepali nganye yi-24 microtubules nanometer. iindonga zawo zakhiwa protein tubulin.

Ezi cell organelles non-inwebu zenza cytoskeleton, nto leyo inceda ukugcina imilo rhoqo.

Omnye umsebenzi microtubule - ezothutho, kuba Ungasa organelles zingangeni kwiseli.

organelles yokushukumisa

Bona kweentlobo ezimbini: isiliya kunye misila.

Owokuqala ukuba eziphilayo-elilodwa efana izihlangu ciliates.

Misila une Chlamydomonas, kwakunye kwisidoda isilwanyana.

Movement of organelles luqulathe iiprotheni contractile.

isiphelo

Njengoko isiphelo lushwankathela.

Ngoko ke, ndakubona konke organelles non-inwebu kwezityalo, izilwanyana, umngundo kunye neentsholongwane, yesakhiwo umsebenzi.