Jean Sibelius: engobomi, isebenza. Zingaphi symphony ezibhalwe umqambi?

Jean Sibelius - umqambi Finnish, ogama imisebenzi kuba kudidi buncwane buxabisekileyo umculo weklasiki. Uninzi imisebenzi yakhe iziqu ziimvumi, ukugxeka abathandi umculo ehlabathini lonke. umculo lakhe bobabo indlela romanticism kwangethuba yamandulo Viennese esikolweni.

biography

Jean Sibelius, ogama engobomi inikwa kweli phepha, wazalwa ngo-1865 e-Finland. Uyise umqambi elizayo waba ngugqirha yasemkhosini. Xa uJan iminyaka emi-3 ubudala, intloko-ntsapho wabulawa yicesina. Wayiphakamisa unina womntwana. Gustav washiya amatyala neendleko efanayo yomngcwabo lubiza kakhulu. Lo mhlolokazi ayikwazanga ukugcina indlu. Manor yaye inxalenye enkulu kwepropati ukuba kunikwe abatyalwayo ngenxa yokuba sematyaleni. Umhlolokazi kunye nabantwana abathathu, ugqirha waya kuhlala endlwini kamakhulu wakhe.

Umqambi elizayo Jean Sibelius ukususela ebuntwaneni waba emini kakhulu. Yena njalo wasungula amabali malunga zemimoya. unina Sibelius waba ipiyano kunye nomculo iqhotyoshelwe abantwana. Baya usapho lonke baya Ikonsathi. Ukususela abantwana beselula kusapho Sibelius wafundisa umculo. Yan udade wafunda ukudlala ipiyano. UMzalwana - cello. Sam Yan kuqala ndafunda ukudlala ipiyano, kodwa kamva wavakalisa umnqweno ukutshintsha kwisixhobo kwaye ivuliwe ukuya violin. Le nkwenkwe Ndandingonwabanga, kwaye ukunyanzela ukuba wenze sabakhutheleyo, utitshala yokuqala bamtyabula iinaliti ukunitha ngesandla. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala Sibelius wabhala kwiminyaka-10. Umdla wakhe umculo lakhula nge ixesha, kwaye laqala yobhedu band. Esikolweni, Yan yemka kakhulu. Sibukela of ezincwadini zakhe wayesoloko wabhala umculo. Kodwa ke, kwangaxeshanye ngebephumelela okulungileyo Botany nakwimathematika. Enye zokunciphisa umfana ukufunda.

Ngowe-1885, uJean Sibelius wangena zeyunivesithi umthetho ngayo. Kodwa kungekudala abashiya, yena andinamdla kuye. Yena ngokubhalisa kwi-Music Institute. Utitshala yakhe uMartin Wegelius. UJan wayekuthanda ukufunda. Nguye lo umfundi intle utitshala wakhe. Usebenza ukuba Sibelius wabhala kwiminyaka yakhe umfundi, wenza ootitshala kunye nabafundi ziko. Ngowe-1889 umfana wafundela ngoobani kunye nethiyori umculo eBerlin. Emva konyaka - eVienna.

indlela creative

Emva kokuphumelela abuyele Finland Jean Sibelius wangenela ngokusesikweni njenge umqambi. Umdlalo wokuqala loluntu ngayo umsebenzi wakhe lo mbongo Symphonic "Kullervo", nto leyo yayisekelwe lo amaqhawe yesizwe eFinland. Yang nangoko kwaduma, kwabhengezwa ithemba lomculo weli lizwe. I-symphony yokuqala umqambi wabhala ngo-1899. Le States iye yabanjwa e-Helsinki kuyo. Kuyinto ngenxa symphony umqambi yafumana udumo ngamazwe.

Sibelius okunene kugqitywe umsebenzi lomsebenzi wakhe ngo-1926. Kwiminyaka engamashumi elandelayo yobomi, ihlabathi elinde sisincoko lakhe elitsha, kodwa yena wabhala amaqhosha nje ezingephi, leyo zinokubaluleka ekhethekileyo ilifa. Nangona kukho ubungqina ukuba ukubhala, kodwa inkoliso ngqangi yakhe ngelo xesha batshatyalaliswe. Mhlawumbi phakathi kwabo kwakukho imisebenzi ebalulekileyo, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile, umbhali zange uzigqibe. Kwiminyaka 40 kwinkulungwane yama-20, umdla umculo umqambi ehlabathini belufudula luphantsi kakhulu. Kodwa e Finland kuyo noku kule mini njengophawu ngobukhulu kweli lizwe.

uluhlu lwemisebenzi

Kuba abo ukuqala nje ukuba siqhelane imisebenzi umqambi Finnish, lo mbuzo: "kangakanani ebhaliweyo uJean Sibelius symphony?" Kuzo zonke wabhala oluninzi imisebenzi. Kwaye kwakukho symphony ezisixhenxe.

Symphony Yana Sibeliusa:

• № 1, e-Moll.
• № 2, D-okunga.
• № 3, C-okunga.
• № 4, i-Moll.
• № 5, Es-okunga.
• № 6, d-Moll.
• № 7, C-okunga

imibongo Symphonic:

• "Saga".
• "Finland".
• "Suku ngokutsiba kunye ukuphuma kwelanga."
• "Bard".
• "Oceanides".
• "Tapiola".
• "Wood Uphunguphungu".
• "Ntombi Pohjola kaThixo."
• "Dryad".

Suite Yana Sibeliusa:

• "Karelia".
• "Suite for Violin kunye Piano."
• "Othandekayo."
• "Suite Little".
• "Kuba violin, viola kunye cello."
• "Incoko Suite".
• "Rural".

Umculo ukuya kudlala imidlalo:

• "Agama".
• "I Ngamandla".
• "LikaBheleshatsare itheko".
• "Christian II uKumkani."
• "Scaramouche."
• "White Swan".
• "Ukufa."
• "Wonke."
• "Pelléas et Mélisande".

Ke yena wabhala kudlala ibika, Amaqoqo umculo, iikonsathi, imingcelele, ndawo, misindo nezixhobo, iingoma ngenxa okhestra, amavo, iziqwenga ahlekisayo, imidaniso, quartets, uchaze, sonatas, zamagxa iikwayala, cantatas, iibhaladi, neengoma, iingoma ilizwi nge sihambisana , arioso, ukwahluka, opera njalo njalo.

freemasonry

Jean Sibelius iminyaka emininzi kukugcina Order Masonic yaye omnye yamanani zalo eziphambili. Yena - enye wabaseki silale eHelsinki. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, waba organist le Freemasons Finnish. Ngowe-1927, Sibelius wabhala imisebenzi asithoba anesithoba, kuye kwahlanganiswa yi umqambi ngokwakhe apha yingqokelela eyahlukileyo. Wabizwa ngokuba "Umculo Masonic le misitho." ingqokelela lwapapashwa okokuqala ngo-1936. Imisebenzi ezilungiselelwe ukusasazwa phakathi neengcibi. Ngowe-1950, ingqokelela iye yalungiswa, izakuhlaziywa iingoma ezintsha kunye ngokutsha kukhutshwa. Kwavela lo mbongo odumileyo Symphonic "Finland", apho ngelo xesha sakhatshwa isicatshulwa ekhethekileyo lokuhlambulula.

indlu umqambi kaThixo

Jean Sibelius ngo-1904 baya kuhlala Järvenpää, Tuusula, kufutshane elwandle, kunye nentsapho yakhe. imisebenzi yakhe yokugqibela umqambi wabhala apha. Sibelius wayeyoliswa kakhulu kwikhaya lakhe. Apha rhoqo ndawonye abantu creative awayekunye naye umqambi lobuhlobo. Jean Sibelius wafa September 20, 1957 kwikhaya wakhe amthandayo. Umfazi wakhe baqhubeka bephila emva kokufa kwakhe phambi kwiminyaka ka-1970. Ngowe-1972, inzala umqambi bamthengisa indlu kurhulumente. Ngoku, le myuziyam iqhele khona. Vula kwi uluntu ukuba ngo-1974.

Sibelius Museum

Yeyona umculo imyuziyam kuphela eFinland. Kuye wadala ngaphezulu ebomini umqambi bakhe. Le myuziyam yavulwa ngenxa yemigudu uNjingalwazi Otto Andersson musicology. Wabanika eli isixeko ingqokelela wakhe, eziquka izixhobo zomculo. Kwiminyaka 30 kwinkulungwane yama-20, imyuziyam iye umnini-ngqangi umqambi Sibelius, kwakunye data eneenkcukacha ngobomi kunye nemisebenzi umqambi. Konke oku wanika Yana nganye - Adolf Pauma. Ekuqaleni, lo lolondolozo lwembali ebizwa ngokuba "intlanganiso somculo-imbali Abo Akademi". Ngowe-1949 kwathiwa igama imbeko umqambi, ngubani ngokobuqu wamnika imvume. Xa museum uyakwazi simazi imisebenzi Sibelius, funda ingqokelela 350 izixhobo zomculo, kwakunye ukuya iikonsathi kunye nemiboniso.