Yintoni bombing ikhaphethi?

Igama elithi "bombing ikhaphethi" ( "ikhaphethi bombing") ngokuqhelekileyo bendiqonda oluqhubekayo, ixesha elide ekuhambeni kwexesha, iyavumelana izilonda kuqhuma iindawo ezinkulu.

Le ndlela lisetyenziswa izinto lokutshatyalaliswa lotshaba, kunye nabasebenzi bayo kwaye ukuba isusa zonke ebusweni zokuhlala ilizwe, zihlangana, amashishini okanye amahlathi enkulu. Kuba kokupheliswa ngakumbi yenjongosenzi esikhethiweyo ukuba iziqhushumbisi eqhelekileyo badla wongezelela ukuya sigade, ezele phosphorus, napalm, njl

Ibali yekhaphethi bombing

Carpet iziqhushumbisi kwangaphambili elide phambi kokuba inkangeleko yazo. Ngokomzekelo, umbhali yenzululwazi odumileyo Gerbert Uells e inoveli yakhe "Imilo Sezinto Yizani" wachaza ngokutshatyalaliswa kwesixeko-ntaka ukuhlasela. Ingqikelelo ukuba kwiimfazwe elizayo amaqela kubopheleleka ukuba ukuhlasela isixeko utshaba ngenjongo yokwandisa intshabalalo yabo, wavakalisa ngowe-1921 yi-Njengomhlaziyi odumileyo Italian emkhosini Dzhulio Ngenxa.

Iziqhushumbisi kwekhaphethi lokuqala wenziwe inxaxheba inani elikhulu ekuhlaseleni. Umzekelo, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusebenzisa neqembu ngokubulala isiJamani moya isixeko Guernica (1937 g, Spain). Kwelabantu zithathwa ngaphezulu kwe-100 zamajoni.

Ngophuhliso esi sicwangciso ngexesha elifanayo amaJamani bafunda ukusebenzisa inani moya, ngelixa ziqhubela phambili ukwenza elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngaba uyazi, umzekelo, zingaphi iintsuku eyathatha ikhaphethi kuqhuma Stalingrad nokuba zingaphi moya bathatha inxaxheba kuso?

Stalingrad

Yaba Agasti 23, 1942. Ngale mini,-4 Air Fleet of imikhosi yaseJamani kwaqhutywa kwikhaphethi iziqhushumbisi inde kwaye etshabalalisayo ezimbalini. Sagcina phantse ezintathu iintsuku. Nangona umlo kwakuqhubeka kwi iindlela edolophini, yaye abahlali awo waphila ubomi elinoxolo: izityalo, iifektri, iivenkile, izikolo kunye eziguqulweyo babesebenza ngokuqhelekileyo.

Lo moya wokuqala wabonakala 18,00. Eethenda ngokwesiko, phantse zonke imipu anti-moya ezithe zasetyenziswa vangama yokuhlaselwa itanki, elilandelayo kuzo ngalo mzuzu nje wachitha 169 Panzer German, ezama ukubamba ngaphandle yomntla mzi. Anti-moya gunner akuvumelekile ukuba ukuvula umlilo phezu moya, kangangokuba kwiitanki wavuka sabaleka ngaphezulu. Le nyaniso waza wagqiba ukuba basebenzise kumdlali welinye icala.

Moya zivele zathi tshe bengamaqela 30-40 bomber. Nganye zimoto wayekwazi ukwenza imini tyeshelo ezimbalwa. Emva kokuba kuhlasela wazitshabalalisayo ngaphezu kwesiqingatha izindlu zesixeko. isixeko eyandulela wajika waya amanxuwa avuthayo. Wamtshisa yonke into. Ukongeza izakhiwo kunye nezakhiwo ehlokomayo umhlaba, ingca kunye namanzi - amaJamani wabatshabalalisa itanki ne-oli ekrwada, wamgalela emlanjeni. litshisa kangangokuba abantu ufika ngayo iimpahla ngokuphakuzela ebanjwe umlilo esitratweni. Ekubeni unikezelo lwamanzi anqamka, apho kwakungekho manzi, ngoko ukucima umlilo nje nto. Ngaloo mini, wafa abemi malunga 40 amawaka.

Eqhuma of Germany

Njengoko indlela ukoyikisa ukucinezela ukuthanda le nkonzo yabantu Germany ukuba sixhathise usebenzisa beze kuhlasela i UK Royal Air Force and US Air Force.

Ukuze ukwenza isiphumo of inkanyamba lomlilo, iinqwelo umgca kumanqanaba aliqela, iyileyo ababethwele imoto kwiintlobo yakhe esizalweni ezahlukeneyo ngeebhombu: fugaski, concrete-osisaqhwithi, eqhekekileyo, njl

adubula ekujoliswe, ibhengeze lo British

Esebenzayo mdibi imethi kuqhuma Germany Thina iinjongo ezahlukeneyo. moya British ATM beekota becala zokuhlala izixeko German ukucinezela isimo salo umphakathi, ingakumbi abasebenzi mveliso. Ngo September 22, 1941 kwikomkhulu RAF yamkela uthotho izicwangciso ngenxa yokwaphuka 43 izixeko German.

Ngokutsho izibalo umsebenzi British labemi kufuneka ngokupheleleyo yaphulwe emva ezintandathu bombardment usebenzisa 1 ngetoni iziqhushumbisi zabahlali 800. Ukuze ugcine labemi ukoyika, mayiphindwe qho emva kweenyanga ezi-6.

eneneni

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, lo gama i isiJamani "Luftwaffe" ngandlela zonke ukuba atshitshise i phambili Red Army, amaBritane ebethwa phantse akukho ukuxhathisa. Ngobunzulu kuhlaselo-moya British liye landa. Kukholelwa ukuba ezinye zezixeko zatshatyalaliswa ngenxa yesivumelwano Yalta, emva kwemfazwe, baya kuwa phantsi umsebenzi yiSoviet.

Imizekelo iquka kwikhaphethi bombardment Dresden. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwayo, kwaba sekunjalo yaseMagdeburg (90% site kutshatyalaliswa), Stuttgart, Cologne (65%), Hamburg (45%), njl Ngokufuthi, amaBritane yachithwa kwidolophu encinane encinane, akazange abe naliphi na ixabiso yokuzikhusela. Enye yezi abaya kuthathelwa ingqalelo baseWürzburg.

aseMelika target, deklariuemye amaMelika

Ngokungafaniyo amaNgesi, i-US Air Force yayisetyenziswa ikakhulu ngenxa ukutshatyalaliswa kwezibonelelo mveliso kunye links zothutho. Ukhetho ujongwa umgaqo: iindawo ezininzi basemngciphekweni kuqoqosho, ulwalamano phakathi umthamo kunye nemfuneko, indawo yamashishini, ipesenti iimveliso langabom, njl Ekugqibeleni, nivumelene kuluhlu lwendawo iziqhushumbisi. Kwakugcwele lezinto 76.

AmaMelika ayengekho ngenzondelelo kangaka iziqhushumbisi, njengoko British. Kwaye akukho malunga kwabaswele okanye into elolo hlobo. Nje ngexesha kwekhaphethi iziqhushumbisi kweendawo zoshishino e Darmstadt, Schweinfurt kunye Regensburg bafumana ekwalile onjalo, nto leyo walahlekelwa kwisithathu moya wayo, nto leyo amabutho zezinye oomatshini uxelile ugwayimbo.

Eyona njongo ephambili yale kuqhuma izixeko kunye namashishini eJamani nokudala iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu okwalandela Allied ukuhlaselwa Europe.

Carpet aseMelika emva kokuba World Second

Kwezenzo zibhetele baseMerika baqhubeka ukusebenzisa emva Second World War. Ngokomzekelo linokwehliswa ikhaphethi aseMelika izixeko North Vietnam ezifana Hanoi kunye Khayfon. Ngophuhliso ngenqwelomoya iziqhushumbisi eziyingozi neziphumo zemisebenzi ezinjalo ziye kakhulu enkulu. Ngokutsho ingxelo kuqhuma Indochina, apho umongameli American Bill Clinton wamnika Vietnam ngo-2000, Cambodia ilahliwe kuphela malunga ne-3 000 000 (amathathu ezigidi) iitoni iziqhushumbisi. Malunga 500 kg nganye capita.

AmaMelika asikulibalanga malunga iziqhushumbisi kwikhaphethi namhlanje. Ngokukodwa, ekulweni LIH Washington uyalela kuMbindi Mpuma Aircraft B-52. Baya kuya kufuneka aphumeze beze bombing e Syria Iraq. Baya kuthatyathelw ekuhlaseleni qhinga B-1, apho kukho ngelo xesha.

Carpet bombing eRussia

Siyazazi kwiimeko eziliqela kwikhaphethi ebhombu Afghanistan. Zaqaliswa yaye liphuhlise esi sicwangciso eSoviet Air Force waba Dzhokhar Dudayev. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba weentaba Afghanistan, yangqineka ukuba angasebenzi. Spooks ngqo moya evela kude, kwaye nexesha bezimele emiqolombeni kunye nezinye nezibaya ezahlukeneyo ngengingqi.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, imfazwe ngempumelelo ngakumbi wabonisa utshintsho - Indawo zokuqhushumbisa Ziyaqhubeka abanjalo. ukusetyenziswa lwabo ngokoqobo ukuwa ebisenyobeni, nokuthintela Mujahideen amathuba zohlangulo.

Baye imethi ebhombu Chechnya. Wazama kwaye ihlolwe Afghanistan kunye nezakhono luncedo kwilizwe labo lokuzalwa. Ngokukodwa, liyaziwa ikhaphethi bombing evela kwilali eliphezulu ephakame Elistanji Oktobha 7, 1999. Yaza yabulala abantu 34, uninzi lwabo ngabafazi nabantwana.

Carpet Isicwangciso aseMelika siyaqhubeka ukuphucula. ukusebenzisa Apho kuyo kwixesha elilandelayo, nangoku uhlala zephonografi.