UThomas Young: iminikelo physics

Eli nqaku ibalisa ngubani na Thomas Young, leyo negalelo kuphuhliso zemvelo yintoni enye into ngaphandle ekwenzeni oko.

isayensi

Ngawo onke amaxesha kwakukho abantu abaye baba ndiyabawela ukwazi isakhiwo yokwenene iphela, ezinye iinkqubo zayo okanye iziganeko. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, inzululwazi awenzele uluntu, akukho mntu uthandabuzayo, Noko ke, hayi, kwakuyakuhlala kunjalo. Ngethamsanqa, ezo imihla eside, kwaye ezingamakhulu ambalwa kwiminyaka yokugqibela ezenziwe singayeki ezifunyaniswe ebalaseleyo zemvelo kunye nezinye izifundo zesayensi. Ke kaloku uTomas Young - omnye kwabo ngebande elinye kunye nabanye izazinzulu omkhulu minyaka idlulileyo - Becquerel, Lomonosov, Mendeleev.

Kodwa into idume, yaye yintoni ezifunyaniswe? Oku koko siza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku. Le sesayensi wayesaziwa into yokuba wawungapheleliselwanga kwizifundo zakhe physics kuphela. Ngenxa yokuba imisebenzi yakhe lwenzululwazi ngokukhanya, ubucukubhede, philology kunye amalungu lokubona.

igalelo Thomas Young kuphuhliso physics

Ngowe-1793 Jung kwenye eyayinikelwe iliso yabantu imisebenzi yakhe, wachaza ukuba indawo iliso kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yotshintsho esime lens. Eminye kokuma ziye zakhokelela izazinzulu bakholelwa ukuba imfundiso corpuscular zokukhanya entsimini ngokukhanya, ngelo xesha ingqalelo lisalawula, hayi kakhulu oyinyaniso. Xa Jung waba baxhasa imfundiso yomtshangatshangiso wokukhanya, phantse zonke izazinzulu eNgilani ngelo xesha bengavumelani naye, kwaye phantsi koxinzelelo izimvo zabo ngexesha wancama phezulu izigqibo zakhe. Kamva, Noko ke, uThomas Young wabuyela imfundiso yakhe nokulatyuza ukukhanya, waba ngowokuqala ukuqwalasela ingxaki superposition lamaza. Ukuphanda ngakumbi le meko, wabhaqa umgaqo sokuphamazisa. Nangona kunjalo, lo gama livele Jung, kwiminyaka embalwa kamva.

Kwaye ingxelo Royal Society, naye ke wanika ingcaciso yokuqala babizwa ngokuba amakhonkco Newton, olusekelwe phezu iziseko uphazamiso, wathetha malunga amalinge yakhe yokuqala, injongo leyo ukulinganisa ubude amaza okukhanya ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke siyayazi into odumileyo Thomas Young.

Ngowe-1804 wabancina elineenkcukacha wachaza mba we diffraction. Emva inzululwazi uphando Fresnel uphazamiseko ukukhanya, nto leyo ngamaza, Jung conjectured kopeechnogo oscillations ukukhanya wave. Ukuquka nempikiswano Jung ezidweliswe uphuhliso kwithiyori umbono umbala, apho usekwe kwingcinga yokuba emehlweni zeqokobhe kukho imicu ukukhanya-sensitive eziphendula malumga ezintathu ezinkulu ukukhanya. Ngoku cinga amava kakhulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze Thomas Young.

amava

Oku kwaba bubungqina theory otshangatshangiswayo ukukhanya. Kodwa kuqala iziphumo yapapashwa ngo-1803. Kule experiment, kwavela ukukhanya ngqo kwi screen ngaphaya kwawo apho eGibheyon slits ezimbini ngaxeshanye. Ngaphaya umfanekiso lowo enyusiweyo nokunyuka screen. Le peculiarity le slits yaba parallel nalowo ububanzi lwabo malunga lilingane ngamaza okukhanya ukhutshiwe nokuhlola. Yaye ngenxa yoko, phezu isikrini uthotho iintshinga uphazamiseko, nto leyo ebonisa ukuchaneka ithiyori, leyo wathi Thomas Young. ababebukele yemvelo kwabonisa lencinibakazi nohlobo ukukhanya.

Amanye amaphepha enzululwazi

Ndaya kule umphengululi ebalaseleyo ixesha bakhe Ezolimi - ezingqina nomini iilwimi Indo yaseYurophu-. Waye endleleni, inkcazelo "Indo-European" yena lowo wafika. Kwakhona phakathi impumelelo yakhe - ukusungulwa iimpawu ezifana ixabiso ngamanani luthambe kwi ucinezelo okanye ingcinezelo, nto leyo eyaba eyaziwa ngokuba modulus i Young.

UThomas Jung: A Biography

-Nzulu elizayo wazalwa ngo-1773 kwintsapho ezilula silk yomthengisi. Kungekudala ndafunda ukufunda kwaye umntwana memory elungileyo kakhulu, ukwazi kunye ahlabe ngamandla iinzululwazi. Ngoko ke, njengokuba ekuqaleni kweminyaka 8 unomdla kakhulu kwimathematika geodesy, eyabonisa iitalente emangalisayo. Kwaye elivisayo, sele aphantsi iilwimi ezifana Latin, isiHebhere, Italian, Arabic kunye nesiFrentshi. Asingabo bonke abantu abadala unokuqhayisa ulwazi abaninzi kangaka iilwimi! Ngaphandle konke oku, ngokutsho bucala iinkumbulo izalamane, njengoko Jung awayezithanda imbali kunye Botany.

Kodwa Jung yakhethwa ekuqaleni njengoko isifundo ubomi bakhe iyaphilisa. degree Medical nanako 1796. Kodwa umcimbi, owamenza elizimeleyo ngokwezimali aze avunyelwe ukuba ndibhaptize ukuzifaka ngesayensi, ayicingi umthombo wengeniso, ukufa kayisekazi - wayishiya Thomas oselula ilifa elikhulu lemali.

Kamva Jung wavula umkhwa yonyango yabucala kunye ngaxeshanye waqalisa kupapashwa. Kodwa akwaziwa kuba esoyika ukuba igama lakhe gqirha. Kamva ke waba nomdla umsindo kunye yokukhanya. Xa wayeneminyaka engama-21, waba lilungu elikhutheleyo London Royal Society kunye nexesha abanye babambelela nesithuba sikanobhala kuyo. Ngowe-1803 waba Unjingalwazi Royal Institute. Emva konyaka, watshata Eliza Maxwell.

Nangona impumelelo yayo physics, ukususela 1811 yaye de kube sekupheleni kobomi uThomas Young waya ukuze isebenze njenge ugqirha kwelinye zibhedlele London. Akasishiyanga ukuba kwezonyango, yaye ngowe-1818, xa athe waba njengoNobhala Bureau des nakwiside kwaye umhleli iimpapasho ezifana "ikhalenda Nautical." Jung nalo negalelo ukongeza ukuya kwenye kushicilelwa "Encyclopedia Britannica" yokuba wabhala 60 izahluko. Bona becala iibhayografi of izazinzulu.

isiphelo

Ukongezelela abaqhuba amayeza kunye nenzululwazi, liyaziwa kuquka njengemvumi elungileyo, a Connoisseur yobugcisa kunye womzimba. Wafa kule ndoda ubhetyebhetye May 10, 1829. Thomas Young ungcwatywe kulo mmandla of London.