Eyona engundoqo Iintlobo kweenkqubo mqondiso. Umzekelo system ulwimi lwezandla

Yonke indlela mihla ihlabathi ubunjwe kweenkqubo ezininzi ngamnye. Ukuba ndicinge na, cinga nje ukuba konke ukuba baqhele ukufunda, siqonde, uze utolike - uphawula. Indoda weza nemibutho yazo ekhethekileyo ukuba thatha, ukugcina kunye ukufunxa ulwazi.

Besiqu wayengekho ezininzi, njengoko ezahlukahlukeneyo ngezenzeko ehlabathini, izakhiwo ezizodwa ziye zasekwa. Ukuba Uza kujonga kweli nqaku, kwakunye ngokonwaba umzekelo eliqaqambileyo ecacileyo inkqubo lwezandla. Esi sihloko iilwimi ziya kuba nomdla nje kuphela kwiingcali. Kwaye uqale ujonge kuso zonke iinkcukacha baqonda lula kwaye nje.

definition

Ngaphambi kokuba siqwalasele ngokweenkcukacha nayiphi umzekelo inkqubo imiqondiso, sicinga ukuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza intsingiselo yintoni le meko.

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo uphawu le - iseti ethile loonobumba ezifanayo ngokubanzi ukuba isakhiwo lwangaphakathi kwaye, ukusa kumlinganiselo othile, ukuyilwa imithetho ecacileyo, ukutolika nokusebenzisa izinto zalo. umsebenzi wayo ophambili - ukuqinisekisa ehlangeneyo ngokupheleleyo kunye neenkqubo zonxibelelwano ngamnye.

Kulo mzekelo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula yaye yintoni na, enyanisweni, umqondiso - into eziphathekayo, nto leyo iba obambeleyo (incarnation) enye into, isenzeko, izakhiwo. Kubhaliwe, zigcinwe yaye beqiqa ulwazi (esiyibiza ulwazi ngaphezulu).

Iintlobo lweenkqubo uphawu

izifundo yeengcingane semiotics Cazulula ezisebenzayo isakhiwo data ngolu hlobo lulandelayo ezikhoyo namhlanje:

- zendalo;

- ngamazwi;

- esebenza;

- lenkundla;

- eziqhelekileyo;

- ukurekhoda system.

Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezingakumbi siya bachukumise phezu kwezi ntlobo emva, cinga umbuzo ulandelayo - yintoni ulwimi njengoko inkqubo lwezandla a. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ugxininiso kwi nemiqathango umi kuyo.

ubungqina

Thina sele siyazi ukuba inkqubo, kodwa kuphela abstract onjalo uphawu wayeqhelene le nkcazelo. Njengoko uhlobo ebanzi kakhulu, oko kuquka zonke izinto kuthiwa kwenza imiqondiso. Ngoko ke zintoni na iimpawu avumela ukuba onjalo?

• Okokuqala, nayiphi na inkqubo kufuneka bamanyane ngabalinganiswa ubuncinane ezimbini.
• Okwesibini, izinto kufuneka ilungiswe ngokwezi nemigaqo ethile.
• Okwesithathu, ukuvela ngezinto ezintsha kwenziwa kuphela kwimigaqo kuchazwe ngokucacileyo.

Uphononongo kweempawu kunye neenkqubo uphawu

Imibuzo izakhiwo angumqondiso abenza ngesayensi eyahlukileyo - semiotics. Xa umongo wayo, le uqeqesho umda phakathi Ezolimi, ithiyori ulwazi, isosioloji, uncwadi, bengqondo, ibhayoloji.

Uphononongo lwe semiotics evela kwiindawo ezintathu eziphambili, ezo zibizwa ngokuba iindawo isayensi:

• Syntactics. Into yokufunda - imithetho kwinjongo iinkqubo mqondiso, ulwalamano phakathi izinto zabo, iipateni kunye nendibaniselwano zemfundo.
• Semantics. It isaphonononga intsingiselo, ngamanye amagama, xa ucinga ubudlelwane phakathi kophawu kunye nentsingiselo yalo.
• Pragmatics. Ixilonga ubudlelwane phakathi kwenkqubo kunye nabadlali bayo.

Enye yezona iinkalo ezithile zesifundo - ezi semiotics inkcubeko. Le nto kungenxa yokuba inkcubeko yonke inkcazelo ayihambi ngendlela iimpawu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kubhekisela izicatshulwa. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba isicatshulwa nenkcubeko lwaluzibona yesayensi naluphi na uhlobo zosasazo.

Ulwimi njenge inkqubo imiqondiso semiotics

Sonke kufuneka bejongene nolwimi yonke imihla. Mhlawumbi asizange ndicinge ngako, kodwa iingxelo, leyo enziwa amagama, iimpawu kunye neeleta (izandi kwintetho) - yonke inkqubo. Semiotics ibe nentsingiselo yalo alupheli.

Ulwimi - umlimandlela Ukwakheka, ukukhonza ulwazi ukugcina amandla transmission, ukuba engokoqobo. imisebenzi yayo - unxibelelwano kunye nolwazi kwimisebenzi yabantu ezahlukileyo.

Kwelinye icala, sebenzisa iikhowudi umlinganiswa ezahlukeneyo, ezifana ukhutshelo, ulwimi lwezandla, ngezithuba ezilinganayo, kwisikhokelo lolwimi worse kunye nabanye. Iilwimi semiotics - kuba iindlela ezininzi jikelele - ingaba nohlulwe yendalo neyenziweyo. Siyaqhubeka lokuhlolisisa isihloko oko kukuthi isixokelelwano ulwimi lwezandla.

Semiotics ulwimi

Njengoko ubona, ulwimi - esondele kuthi umzekelo isakhiwo elilwela. Ukongeza, naye semiotics kunye ezibalulekileyo nesenzeko, ithatha indawo ekhethekileyo phakathi kwezinye iinkqubo abancedisayo. Ulwimi kuphela yindlela lolwazi, yokuvakalisa izimvo kunye noyilo kunye ingcinga zabantu, imvakalelo, indlela yokuthetha, oko kukuthi uluhlu lwemisebenzi eyenziwa ebanzi kakhulu.

Ngelo xesha, ngenxa kuthelekiswa, iinkqubo uphawu ekhethekileyo (ngasendleleni, zisoloko ngumntu) ukudlulisela umda kuphela ngokohlobo kunye nemali lolwazi, okanye wenze transcoding yayo.

Iimpawu kunye nomda ukusetyenziswa kolwimi xa kuthelekiswa kunye neeyunithi ezikhethekileyo. Ichaphazela ngokupheleleyo kuzo zonke iindawo zemisebenzi yenzululwazi kunye nezenziwayo. Specialised izakhiwo nal enye phezu koko, uzkonapravlen.

Ulwimi kwakhiwa kuqala ukusetyenziswa, ukubathobela imithetho basekhaya kunye neempembelelo bangaphandle. Iinkqubo phawu olulodwa zisisiphumo isivumelwano olunye abantu ngumntu ngokupheleleyo.

iilwimi yendalo neyenziweyo

iimpawu zolwimi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkqubo obanzi kakhulu. Kwakhona wakhankanya ukuba isibaluli ulwahlulo iilwimi ngokucalula nokwahlula zibe ngumntu nezendalo. Ngoku khangela kwezi ntlobo zimbini ulwimi kancinane ngakumbi.

Ngoko ke, lo kweelwimi zemveli - lowo weza nale ndoda. kwawo kwenzeka ngokwendalo, loo mntu akenzi inyathelo oqotho.

Malunga iilwimi yokufakelwa, njengoko unokuthekelela, bathi ukuba enonjongo wadala iinkqubo zabantu ukulungiselela iinjongo ezizodwa. Ukudala iinkqubo lokwenziwa ngenxa yokuba kwezinye iimeko, alufanelekanga okanye engenakwenzeka ukuba usebenzise indlela iilwimi zendalo.

Ngomhla umbuzo iilwimi ngumntu

Siye Ndiye ndafunda ngokwaneleyo le ekuqwalaselweni kwalowo mxholo: ". Ulwimi njenge inkqubo imiqondiso" Zithathwa njengeelwimi ingakumbi umdla ngumntu. yokuhlelwa kwazo kuquka sub-iintlobo, ezifana:

- iilwimi olucwangcisiweyo - iindlela zonxibelelwano lwamazwe ngamazwe; Imisebenzi oluncediswayo; le Esperanto ezaziwayo-kakuhle, nto leyo yaqhambuka kwinkulungwane yokugqibela umdla eliphilileyo;

- ulwimi lokomfuziselo - Iimpawu zemathematika, ngokwasemzimbeni, ingqiqo, kwemichiza;

- njengolwimi lonxibelelwano lwabantu-kumatshini - ezi ziquka lwimi kweenkqubo.

Semiotics nje isayensi

Uphononongo uphawula isifundo kwesayensi okhethekileyo - semiotics, leyo phonononga imvelaphi, isakhiwo umsebenzi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo ukugcina kunye nokudlulisela ulwazi. Semiotics ufunda iilwimi yendalo neyenziweyo, kwakunye ne-siseko jikelele oyinxalenye isiseko ubume zonke iimpawu.

Science ihlola ulwimi ngendlela ebanzi, oko kukuthi, eyenzelwe yendalo neyenziweyo. Natural ithathwa iinkqubo umzekelo zaseprayimari. iilwimi Secondary nawo isiko, kuba ngabo abantu ayeba inkcazelo, ulwazi kunye nempembelelo waqonda kwi olujongwayo lubonwe.

Iinkqubo ucikizeko Secondary ngokwahlukileyo ekwabizwa ngokuba codes yenkcubeko. Umzekelo inkqubo oluthi - izinto zenkcubeko ikhowudi: iitekisi yenkcubeko, ngaphandle kweelwimi zemveli. Ukuze siyiqonde la, kuyimfuneko ukuba igama imizekelo eziphathekayo. Ngenxa yoko, indlela yokuziphatha, zonqulo iitekisi, iinkolelo, izithethe, iiyunithi (izinto, imisebenzi) zobugcisa - zonke ezi ziinkqubo umzekelo eziziisekondari.

nkqubo zakhelwe ngokomfanekiso ulwimi zendalo, kodwa zisetyenziswa eyenziweyo: kwinkalo ethile lomsebenzi, kuba ngokutshintshiselana ngolwazi oluthile. Ezi nkqubo lwezandla ngenjongo, ezinye zazo zifumaneka kuphela kumaqela athile. Thelekisa, masikhumbule ukuba kweelwimi zemveli - ipropati jikelele.

Iinkcukacha Technical, iimpawu, imizekelo

Ekuqaleni kweli nqaku, senza wajonga imiba eyahlukeneyo enxulumene umxholo banikwa - inkqubo oluthi, imizekelo yawo, iinkcazelo didi. Ngoku makhe sikhangele ngakumbi kancinane ngeentlobo zazo, unike imizekelo ukulungiselela iinjongo yo fanekisela. Abayi abayi kuqingqelwa ukuba babhale ngolwimi.

- Iimpawu Natural - ngezimanga zendalo izinto ezithile ukuba walatha ukuba ezinye ngendalo, izinto uvavanyo. Zidlulisela ulwazi malunga nendlela ukuba ihlanganise. Kodwa ke kubizwa ngokuba iimpawu. Umzekelo, uphawu endalo umlilo uya kutshaya. Ukutolika kakuhle kuzo, kufuneka ukuba ulime olunye ulwazi.

- Iimpawu zophawu - ezo imifanekiso yezinto ngezimanga leyo ukubonisa. Kungenjalo, ungafowunela kubo iindawo zemiqondiso-imifanekiso. Ngokufuthi esidalwe ngumntu, ngokunika ngabom ngokumila isici. imizekelo emihle iimpawu-imifanekiso sibona lomculo: ukulingiswa sokududuma, emsindweni, ingxolo umoya, njl Oko zange ukubonisa fomu, kunye nezinye iikhrayitheriya - impahla ...

- Iimpawu ezisebenzayo - kweno umsebenzi ebambekayo. Iimpawu zokwenza oko abantu ziquka kwabo imisebenzi yabo. Ukuba unako ukukhonza njenge iinkcukacha apho ungafumana ulwazi malunga yonke indlela. Into yokuba utitshala ivula ijenali iklasi, luphawu nxaxheba uphando oluzayo. Okunye, amanani aphakamileyo iimpawu umsebenzi lubonakaliswa kwimiqondiso - ikati emnyama wabaleka ngaphaya kwendlela - ukuya lembandezelo, intsimbi yehashe kuzisa ulonwabo.

- Iimpawu ezi ongenantandabuzo: ukuba utyikitya iinkqubo isilumkiso. Sonke siyazi amaxabiso imibala irobhothi, umzekelo.

- Iimpawu eziQhelekileyo - ngumntu, wadalwa ngabantu ebhekisela iziganeko ezithile. Kunye nesikhundla sifundo bathe efanayo. Ngoko ke, lo umnqamlezo obomvu - ithetha inqwelo yezigulana Iqwarhashe - ngeenyawo yokunqumla, etc ...

- iinkqubo uphawu somlomo - ulwimi oluthethwayo. thina On lolwimi kwinkqubo oluthi ndithethile ngokwahlukileyo. Umzekelo inkqubo ulwimi lwezandla thina ezicatshulwe ngasentla.

- Iisimboli - walatha into okanye isenzeko imiqondiso compact, kwaye ukuba ixabiso yesibini. umsebenzi wabo - ukuqaphela izinto ezininzi ezi. Umzekelo: kwebali imaphu, iisimboli karhulumente - iflegi, imifanekiso kunye umhobe.

- indices - ubhalo indawo izinto ezinzulu. Ngamanye amaxesha nabo babe imilo efana ngobhalo into.

isiphelo

Kweli nqaku, senza yachukumisa ngomxholo ebanzi kakhulu: "Yintoni na inkqubo umqondiso", bezisa imizekelo, kwakunye nabo bahlawulwa ngokwahlukileyo ingqalelo ulwimi. Classification, siye saxubusha ezinxulumene langoku ibakala kuphuhliso semiotics.

Ke kaloku, ukuba uyakwazi oko ulwimi njengoko inkqubo oluthi, umsebenzi ulwimi kunye nenjongo ukusetyenziswa kwayo, nathi kukwaqaqambise. Ngaxeshanye, siye saxubusha ulwahlulohlulo lixhaphakileyo iinkqubo zolwimi - baba ngabantu nezendalo. Waza wagqiba kwelokuba ulwimi - inkqubo umqondiso, nto leyo isebenza ukugcina, ukudlulisa ulwazi nezakhono. Ngethemba, ngokuxhomekeke nangokwegrama-semiotic umdla kuwe!