Engibaziyo ebanda. imodeli SUV: iimpawu, wasele

zonke izithuthi elimi okwangoku libhekisele kwiindidi ezininzi ethandwa. Umzekelo, asezikhundleni malunga-40% emarike Russian. Kwimeko zasekuhlaleni, ngaphandle kwendlela ingakumbi kwemfuneko. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini., Xa imifuziselo anjalo kwabantu abambalwa xa uthelekisa, ukuba kuthathwa yodumo njengoko uhlobo. Njengoko inani leeklasi imoto kunye ukwahluka zabo kumatshini ukuxuba xa iyonke, kunye nokuba iinqwelo off-kwendlela liye landa kakhulu. Kwaye ngoku ukugqiba engibaziyo apholileyo akuyondlwan 'iyanetha.

iimpawu

Okwangoku, igama elithi "SUV" okanye "SUV", luzizi kakhulu. Oku kungenxa ngokuxuba iindidi zezithuthi, nto leyo eyaqala ekuyeni ekupheleni kwenkulungwane lokugqibela. Ngaphambi koko, imoto ngokucacileyo yahlulwe iimoto nangaphandle-endleleni. Noko ke, ngasekupheleni nenani-90. abavelisi waqala uwahlanganise ukufumana njengoko umatshini iphela. Engibaziyo waqala ukuthatha iimpawu imifanekiso umkhweli. Eyokuqala kule ndlela waya Mercedes Benz, ikhuphe umfuziselo ML ngo 1997. Kunyaka olandelayo, yena wancediswa Lexus, ukubaleka ekuvelisweni le Rx, kwaye ngo-1999 - BMW kunye X5. Ngokungafaniyo SUV yemveli le mifuziselo zaye ilungiselelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiindlela nzima, kwaye on-kwendlela kuphela ngaphezu kancinane ezimotweni umkhweli oluqhelekileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezi iimoto eyakhelwe eqongeni umkhweli, ngoko ke ababethwele umzimba, lula inkqubo drive lonke-wheel, geometry kakuhle. oomatshini ezifana waziwa ngokuba SUV parquet, okanye crossovers. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, kwakukho onobuhle iinketho monoprivodnom.

criteria

Njengoko izithuthi namhlanje baye baba ubhetyebhetye kwaye izinto ezininzi, kodwa ezahlukeneyo, bonisa phakathi kwabo engibaziyo apholileyo akuyondlwan 'iyanetha. Kulula kakhulu ukuba ukuchaza ibe parameter omnye phakathi iimoto kweklasi omnye. Kwaye kunzima kangaka ukuba ukuchonga imodeli ngqo, ekubeni ngenxa umatshini ukhuphiswano enzulu inokuba kufutshane kakhulu parameters.

Ngaphezu koko, xa kunjalo, le Unjengokuphola ayinyani isici. Ngoko ke, ngenxa yokuba eli nqaku isekelwe zombini kwiimpawu zobugcisa kunye imifanekiso izihlwele zoluntu malunga iwonga imifuziselo ezahlukeneyo, olu lwazi ayinakuba idibana kunye nezimvo zakho.

SUV

Traditional engibaziyo eliphezulu isakhiwo Isakhelo ukuba abemi iimpawu ezimbini. Le permeability kunye nentuthuzelo.

passability

Ekuqaleni, kwaba iimpawu permeability ephambili yezithuthi off-endleleni. Ngenxa yesi sizathu ke wabonakala. imifuziselo ezinjalo eqhelekileyo kufuneka isakhiwo isakhelo, yonke drive ivili, ngokufuthi umzimba trehdvernyiy elifutshane ukuphucula geometry, idizili eliphezulu-torque okanye injini ipetroli, i-ukuncitshiswa kwenani uthumelo, kwaye interaxial tshixo cross-asi. Noko ke, kuba ngaphakathi elula kakhulu, apho phantse ngqalelo ihlawulwe intuthuzelo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, le matshini beziphantse ukumka. Ezi ziquka Jeep Zen, Suzuki Jimny kunye UAZ Hunter. Nangona le mifuziselo zisoloko kancinci. Ngaphambili koomatshini eziveliswa ngayo uqaphele Land Rover abaswelayo, imveliso leyo kwaphela ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka. Le ebanda engibaziyo eyenziweyo ngoku - kuqala. I nezinye ezimbini zamaxabiso aphantsi, kunye Zen lisebenza nje kuphela, kodwa imoto ophambili.

ukhululekile

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le hlobo mshini SUV, ngokukhawulezisa ubungakanani iimoto kuxoxwe ngasentla. Ukusuka kwezi data mifuziselo ziyavela lounge bekhululekile, ezihonjiswe iimoto inqanaba premium ngezixhobo ekumgangatho ophezulu. Ukongeza, zibe ezininzi iinkqubo zekhompyutha, ezijolise zombini abakhenkethi kunye nokuqhubekeka. Ngokutsho parameter yokugqibela ezi ezimotweni zidla ezincinane kancinane imifuziselo kuxoxwe ngasentla, kodwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu. oomatshini ezinjalo ziquka Lexus LX, Range Rover, Mercedes Benz G, Cadillac Escalade. Imifanekiso abadala Hummer H1 kunye H2, Lamborghini LM002 kunye Infiniti QX (zesizukulwana sangoku enomzimba monocoque).

Universal

Ezi iinketho bengengabo iimoto zodidi, kodwa ube ngaphakathi noko bekhululekile kwaye permeability kumphakamo yeentlobo zangaphambili oomatshini. Ngelo xesha linye ukuba zindala kakhulu. Emibi phakathi kwezi modeli kwi ico bakholelwa Toyota Land Cruiser. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ezininzi American ubungakanani ngokupheleleyo-SUV ezifana Chevrolet Tahoe. Ngemihla yakudala phakathi kolu didi lwe buthandwa Mitsubishi Pajero (nangona ezincinane) kunye Nissan okhuselo, abaye ngoku enambuzelayo emzimbeni axhasayo.

crossovers

Njengokuba kuphawuliwe, uninzi lwezi matshini zingathathwa njengemizekelo umkhweli of elimi ngayo. Zinelungelo umzimba umthwalo-ngokuzala, lula inkqubo drive-wheel yonke. Ke kaloku, le mifuziselo okuninzi kunoko SUV zemveli. Nangona kakhulu phakathi iimoto enkulu akubikho ziyahlonelwa SUV ukuba baye kwibhunga axhasayo, ezo umgangatho ezisebenzayo nangoku obizwa ngokuba lemoto (umzekelo, Nissan okhuselo). Phakathi crossovers ezininzi emaweni kunye neemodeli ezinkulu amafutha-efanelekileyo.

Ezinkulu neliphakathi

Onobuhle ezinkulu eliweni zikholelwa Infiniti QX, Mercedes Benz GLS.

Kwakhona eziphezulu kakhulu yee-ubungakanani premium crossover, kunye nabo, waza waqalisa iklasi imoto. Ezizezi: Infinity le FX, i Lexus le Rx, Audi lo Umbuzo 7, i Mercedes Benz Triangle, i-BMW le X5 / lo X6, i Porsche i Cayenne, i Jaguar i F-Pace, i Range Rover le Sport. Ngaphambili kakhulu Grand Cherokee Jeep and Land Rover Discovery, owayebonakele elide phambi kokuba yonke le mifuziselo, kodwa ke baye bafakwa imvelaphi.

ezemidlalo

Buhle crossover SUV phambi phantse umkhweli yokuphatha. Ngoko ke, abaninzi kubo bexhamla iinketho, uninzi lwazo bubonakaliswe ukuguqulwa ngenkani yemodeli ekhankanywe ngasentla. Le Infinity FX50, Mercedes Benz uku- AMG, BMW X5 / X6 M, Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT, enamandla inguqulelo Porsche Cayenne kunye Jaguar F-Pace. Nangona kukho iimoto kuphela ngakumbi ekuqaleni Imidlalo orientation: Maserati Levante kunye Bentley Bentayga.

Phakathi kwezi modeli, nangona ngeentlobo zazo, kuyenzeka noko ukwaba engibaziyo apholileyo nkqu ngokobunjani-high speed. Nguwo lo crossover Bentley, ekubeni ngoku ke imoto fastest kule klasi, ngaphambi Porsche Cayenne, ngaphambili ababehlala kule ndawo.

iswitch

Noko ke, xa ukhetha imoto, nkqu ezi imifuziselo, kusekho ithuba lokuhlangana endleleni phantse indlela efanayo. Ngako oko ngokubanzi babekholelwa ukuba ukudala imoto cool ngokwenene kunokwenzeka kuphela iswitch.

ezimotweni Incam, kwakunye nezinye izithuthi lungohlulwa lube zangaphandle zisebenza.

ukuguqulwa kohlobo zokugqibela kwakhona iindawo eziliqela RV: patency, izikhombisi kunye nentuthuzelo.

passability

Nale ukwanelisa isicelo uphuculo ezandisa amandla isithuthi ukuba uwoyise lo mmandla. Kuba SUV classical kubaluleke ngakumbi lo isici. I Dealer ekuqaleni yakhelwe ngqo le.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ngaphandle kwendlela ukuphuculwa baqalisa ukutshintsha kwisisu semoto. Olu hlobo lokuguquka kubandakanya wasele kuqala amavili nokumiswa.

Le ndlela elula - ufakelo lwamavili off-kwendlela, apho ukwandisa ukubambelela emhlabeni.

Inqanaba elilandelayo - ilifti (ukucoca indyebo). Indlela elula yokwenza oku kukuba kokufaka spacer ezinkulu ubudeki iivili. Ngoko ke, ungakwazi kuphela liftovat isakhelo SUV model. Isisombululo nzima ngakumbi yaye olusebenzayo - ikhithi lift-ukumiswa ziqulathe imithombo ngakumbi kwaye dampers elide. Oku akunyusi kuphela ukucoca yomhlaba, kodwa ke lihamba ukumiswa. indlela Ingakumbi nobunzima - Ukufakwa kwe kwo portal. Kodwa, oku kufuna utshintsho yokudluliswa ayikho kuzo zonke izithuthi.

Kufuneka kwakhona uguqule ugqithiso. izixhasi eziphambili SUV - nomahluko uvala lock interaxle.

Okokuqala hle asasaze torque kwi amavili ngexesha isiliphu. Kukho ukwahlukahlukana ezininzi izixhobo nomahluko olungephi isiliphu, lock esizenzekelayo manual, limited ukohluka isiliphu, basuka iklatshi. Kuba iswitch ukufunda kubalulekile ukwazi iimpawu zabo, ekubeni ezinye izixhobo hayi iphumelela iindlela, nezinye umsebenzi indlela enzima.

Interaxial akhonze ukutshixa ukwabiwa kangangoko torque phakathi asi.

Okokugqibela, sinako ukuphucula umzimba. Oku kubandakanya ukufakwa lweziqalelo wasinika emandla ngeemakhishithi zokuzikhusela, bumpers amandla kunye nezinyuko. Le sheets zisetyenziselwa ukukhusela injini, ukudluliselwa, unxibelelwano ivili lokuqhuba kunye nezinye iiyunithi ukusuka ayekelele ezantsi. Bumpers kunye Ungqameko inshorensi umzimba.

Ukunyusa ukusebenza injini ngaphantsi eziqhelekileyo wasele off-kwendlela kunokuba kwezemidlalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kangaka modified ezimotweni iimodeli ukuba iimpawu ekuqaleni ayonelanga. Ngaphezu koko elimi injini iswitch yohlukile kwezemidlalo. Kwemveliso ngeendlela ezifanayo, kodwa sebenzisa ezinye izicwangciso, ukuba ezemidlalo kubalulekile ukwandisa umthamo, kubaluleke ngakumbi off-indlela eliphezulu-torque.

Kukho uluhlu olubanzi lwezincedisi yezithuthi off-endleleni.

Kudla walungisa ezimotweni baxhotyiswa winches for self. Uyacetyiswa ukuba ufake enye ngaphambili nangasemva.

Kwakhona isixhobo iluncedo kakhulu okoyisa off-kwendlela - le swap isiguquli ivili. It ikuvumela ukuba ngokukhawuleza nangokulula utshintshe uxinzelelo kuzo ukuze kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.

Ukoyisa emazibukweni kufuneka ifakwe ooSnorkel kwisithuthi. Le iinkcukacha lithathwe mntanam injini air eyanele, lowo ophantsi ukwesona umatshini eqhelekileyo. Engibaziyo kwakhona ezinqwenelekayo kukuxhobisa iintambo ngamanzi ndirhoxise breathers transmission phezulu.

enye iswitch

Ukuguqulwa kwezinye iindawo (zentshukumo, intuthuzelo) izithuthi off-ndlela olwenziwe yi efanayo iindlela ezisetyenziswa iimoto.

Enoba kwenzeka ntoni na, xa silungisa ungenza engibaziyo apholileyo nokuba ngumzekelo elula ekuqaleni.